1.
The Vaginal Microbiome with Debbie Cotton from Invivo
State of Mind is a podcast hosted by Nutritional Therapist, Grace Kingswell, that interviews personalities in the health, wellness, arts and fitness industries talking health, food, state of mind, sustainability and everything in between.
2023
Abstract
An informative and concise discussion about the vaginal microbiome, how it changes throughout the menstrual cycle and various life stages such as the menopause. They cover urinary tract infections, thrush, and bacterial vaginosis, touching on the differences and similarities between them. The impact of sexual intercourse, swimming, hygiene, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception such as intrauterine devices, blood glucose and Vitamin D levels on vaginal flora is explored, along with suggestions to support the health of the vaginal microbiome using nutritional interventions and probiotics.
2.
Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to Vaginal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review.
Zheng, N, Guo, R, Wang, J, Zhou, W, Ling, Z
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2021;11:792787
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The vaginal microbiome is an important contributor to vaginal health. Here the dominance of Lactobacilli species, alongside their antimicrobial compounds play a critical role in contributing and protecting the vaginal milieu. Conversely the disruption or absence of Lactobacilli dominance is frequently associated with vaginal disease and infections. One of the Lactobacilli species prevalent in the vaginal microbiome is Lactobacillus iners. It was long overlooked in research due to it being so difficult to culture, and it was first identified in 1999 thanks to DNA sequencing. Researchers since discovered that the relationship between L. iners and vaginal health is far more complicated and ambiguous compared to the other Lactobacilli species. This systematic review explores the current knowledge of the characteristics of L. iners and its role in vaginal health and disease. The article discusses L. iners identification, genetic make up and differences to other Lactobacilli species and how they relate to vaginal health. The article also summarizes L. iners nutrient requirements and its role in diseases like dysbiosis, bacterial vaginosis, sexually transmitted infections and biofilm formation. Furthermore the authors look at the relation between L. iners and premature birthing, fertility and menstrual cycles. A final section in discusses the antimicrobial and immune sytem activating qualities of L. iners. In light of all these findings the authors describe L . iners as a very unique Lactobacilli due to its unusual characteristics. Whether L. iners is beneficial or pathogenic for the host remains controversial, as it can adapt to high and low pH environment and is seen in health and equally dysbiotic states of infection. Hence some describe it as a transitional species that colonizes the vagina after disturbances. It may be a risk factor for infections by contributing to the onset and maintenance of dysbiotic disturbances. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of L. iners and its role on vaginal health and whether it could serve as a biomarker for vaginal inflammation. This article is a useful summary about the characteristics and role of L. iners in vaginal health in disease.
Abstract
Lactobacillus iners, first described in 1999, is a prevalent bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome. As L. iners does not easily grow on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, but can grow anaerobically on blood agar, it has been initially overlooked by traditional culture methods. It was not until the wide application of molecular biology techniques that the function of L. iners in the vaginal microbiome was carefully explored. L. iners has the smallest genome among known Lactobacilli and it has many probiotic characteristics, but is partly different from other major vaginal Lactobacillus species, such as L. crispatus, in contributing to the maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiome. It is not only commonly present in the healthy vagina but quite often recovered in high numbers in bacterial vaginosis (BV). Increasing evidence suggests that L. iners is a transitional species that colonizes after the vaginal environment is disturbed and offers overall less protection against vaginal dysbiosis and, subsequently, leads to BV, sexually transmitted infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Accordingly, under certain conditions, L. iners is a genuine vaginal symbiont, but it also seems to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact role of this intriguing species in vaginal health and diseases.
3.
The Effect of Nutritional Therapy for Yeast Infection (Candidiasis) in Cases of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
The Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine has led the way for a quarter century in presenting new health concerns and treatments including: Candidiasis; Mercury Amalgam Toxicity; Niacin Therapy for Schizophrenia and Coronary Disease; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Vitamin C and Cancer; Allergies and Behavioural Disorders; Drug and Alcohol Abuse; Tissue and Mineral Analysis; and Orthomolecular Treatment for AIDS and Cardiovascular Disease.
2021
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional therapy for yeast infection in cases of medically diagnosed Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ME. Forty participants received individual nutritional advice for treating yeast infection (candidiasis) over the course of one year. Whilst there were numerous confounding variables (stress, glucose tolerance, use of steroid treatments/ HRT/ contraceptive pill and age) and the drop-out rate was high (18 subjects completed the year), analysis indicated a relatively strong positive correlation between candida and CFS/ME at the start of the study. The average fall in CFS/ME symptom scores throughout the year was 30.5%, with one participant achieving a 100% reduction in symptoms. 83% of participants experienced some reduction in CFS/ME symptoms scores. Higher than average stress scores and use of steroids/HRT/contraceptive pill all negatively impacted CFS/ME scores despite following an anti-candida protocol. Nutrition practitioners may want to consider dietary strategies for candida when working with clients with CFS/ME.
4.
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM
PROBIOTICS DATABASE, OptiBac Probiotics
2020
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® is a very well-researched strain - certainly the most researched strain of the acidophilus species - which has been extensively tested in vitro, and also in both animal studies and in human clinical trials. There are actually over 45 clinical trials on this strain, a fact which confirms its position as one of the best probiotic strains in the world, with a well-deserved and a secure place in this database of the most well-researched probiotics on the planet. It has been used in a broad range of studies focusing on its potential to support many areas of gastrointestinal and general health, including immune function, antibiotic-associated gut disturbances, and the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The L. acidophilus NCFM® strain was first identified when isolated from a human source back in the early 1970's. Its strain name, NCFM®, is derived from an abbreviation of the “North Carolina Food Microbiology”, which is the name of the research laboratory at North Carolina State University (NCSU) where the strain was first discovered. You may also see Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® referred to as Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700396, NCK56, N2 as well as NCFM®. This strain is often used in clinical trials in combination with Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07.
5.
Disruption of the Gut Ecosystem by Antibiotics.
Yoon, MY, Yoon, SS
Yonsei medical journal. 2018;59(1):4-12
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The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of different micro-organisms, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, living in the human intestines. It’s involved in numerous functions, such as extracting energy and nutrition from food, protecting against disease-causing microorganisms, and supporting the immune system of the host, and therefore affecting human health and disease. This paper is a review of studies on the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota. It outlines how different types of antibiotics can alter the intestinal environment and the composition of the microbes, resulting in various physiological changes that can trigger disease. Relevant mechanisms, such as inflammatory response and the use of intestinal nutrients by infectious bacteria are discussed. Finally, it discusses faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics as treatment approaches, aimed at restoring a disturbed intestinal environment.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of various microorganisms that expands human genetic repertoire and therefore affects human health and disease. The metabolic processes and signal transduction pathways of the host and intestinal microorganisms are intimately linked, and abnormal progression of each process leads to changes in the intestinal environment. Alterations in microbial communities lead to changes in functional structures based on the metabolites produced in the gut, and these environmental changes result in various bacterial infections and chronic enteric inflammatory diseases. Here, we illustrate how antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of antibiotic-associated diseases by driving intestinal environment changes that favor the proliferation and virulence of pathogens. Understanding the pathogenesis caused by antibiotics would be a crucial key to the treatment of antibiotic-associated diseases by mitigating changes in the intestinal environment and restoring it to its original state.