-
1.
Influence of Seasonal Vitamin D Changes on Clinical Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Sclerosis.
Cutolo, M, Soldano, S, Sulli, A, Smith, V, Gotelli, E
Frontiers in immunology. 2021;:683665
Abstract
Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D-calcitriol] is basically a steroid hormone with pleiotropic biologic effects, and its impact on the regulation of immune system may influence several clinical conditions. Calcidiol (25OHD), as precursor of calcitriol, derives, for the most part (80%), from cutaneous cholesterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) under the action of UV-B (sunlight). Consequently, serum concentrations fluctuate during the year following the circannual rhythm of sun exposition. We will update about the available evidence regarding the complex influence of seasonal vitamin D changes on two different chronic connective tissue diseases, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Notably, RA is an emblematic model of autoimmune disease with prevalent joint inflammatory features, while SSc is mainly an autoimmune progressive pro-fibrotic disease. However, in both conditions, low serum concentrations of 25OHD are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases, and emerging data report their impact on clinical manifestations.
-
2.
Vitamin D, menopause, and aging: quo vadis?
López-Baena, MT, Pérez-Roncero, GR, Pérez-López, FR, Mezones-Holguín, E, Chedraui, P
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2020;(2):123-129
Abstract
Menopause and aging are associated with changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormones, insulin sensitivity, body composition, and also lifestyle and social coordinates. Vitamin D status influences different metabolic adjustments, aside from calcium-phosphorus and bone metabolism. The main blood marker used to measure endogenous vitamin D status is 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Aging is associated with increases in serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and a decrease of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolites. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status is also influenced by the circannual rhythm of sun irradiation. Results of clinical association studies have not correlated with intervention trials, experimental studies, and/or meta-analyses regarding the role of vitamin D on different outcomes in women during their second half of life and the vitamin D supplementation dose needed to improve clinical endpoints. Discordant results have been related to the method used to measure vitamin D, the studied population (i.e., sociodemographics and ethnicity), study designs, and biases of analyses. Vitamin D supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol may improve some metabolic variables and clinical outcomes in young postmenopausal and older women. Studies seem to suggest that calcifediol may have some advantages over other forms of vitamin D supplementation. Further studies are needed to define interventions with supplements and effective food fortification.
-
3.
Analysis of Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Insulin Resistance.
Szymczak-Pajor, I, Śliwińska, A
Nutrients. 2019;(4)
Abstract
Recent evidence revealed extra skeleton activity of vitamin D, including prevention from cardiometabolic diseases and cancer development as well as anti-inflammatory properties. It is worth noting that vitamin D deficiency is very common and may be associated with the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance-related diseases, including obesity and diabetes. This review aims to provide molecular mechanisms showing how vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the insulin resistance formation. The PUBMED database and published reference lists were searched to find studies published between 1980 and 2019. It was identified that molecular action of vitamin D is involved in maintaining the normal resting levels of ROS and Ca2+, not only in pancreatic β-cells, but also in insulin responsive tissues. Both genomic and non-genomic action of vitamin D is directed towards insulin signaling. Thereby, vitamin D reduces the extent of pathologies associated with insulin resistance such as oxidative stress and inflammation. More recently, it was also shown that vitamin D prevents epigenetic alterations associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is one of the factors accelerating insulin resistance formation. The results of basic and clinical research support beneficial action of vitamin D in the reduction of insulin resistance and related pathologies.
-
4.
The value and significance of 25(OH) and 1,25(OH) vitamin D serum levels in adult coeliac patients: A review of the literature.
Zingone, F, Ciacci, C
Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2018;(8):757-760
Abstract
Within the wide spectrum of symptoms and alteration of systems that characterizes CeD, several studies indicate a low-level of vitamin D, therefore recent guidelines suggest its evaluation at the time of diagnosis. This review examines the data from existing studies in which vitamin D has been assessed in CeD patients. Our review indicates that most of the studies on vitamin D in adult CeD report a 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency at diagnosis that disappears when the patient goes on a gluten-free diet, independently of any supplementation. Instead, when the calcitriol, the active 1,25 (OH) vitamin D form, was evaluated, it resulted in the normal range at the time of CeD diagnosis. A strict and lifelong gluten-free diet can help recover vitamin D level without any supplementation.
-
5.
Vitamin D-binding protein as it is understood in 2016: is it a critical key with which to help to solve the calcitriol conundrum?
Davey, RX
Annals of clinical biochemistry. 2017;(2):199-208
Abstract
Background The misnamed 'vitamin' D is actually the hormone calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxyhydroxyvitamin D). It has a central regulatory role in calcium metabolism, and more widely in the immune system. The prohormone calcifediol (25 hydroxyvitamin D) is more easily measured in the laboratory and is the analyte used in reference interval formulation. Being highly lipid soluble, both calcifediol and calcitriol travel in the bloodstream on carriage proteins, principally on vitamin D-binding protein. Summary This review reports our current understanding of vitamin D-binding protein. Its genetic determinants and their effect on it and secondarily on calcifediol concentrations and assays are described. Its complex interplay with parathyroid hormone is considered. The analytical state of the art is translated into the challenge it imposes clinically, in the formulation of reference intervals and in their use in advising and managing patients. Several recent challenges thrown up to laboratories by percipient clinicians highlight the dilemma vitamin D-binding protein poses. A way forward is suggested.
-
6.
Vitamin D in ankylosing spondylitis: review and meta-analysis.
Cai, G, Wang, L, Fan, D, Xin, L, Liu, L, Hu, Y, Ding, N, Xu, S, Xia, G, Jin, X, et al
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry. 2015;:316-22
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vitamin D in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is largely unknown. This paper aims to examine the association between serum vitamin D levels and susceptibility and disease activity of AS. METHODS We searched the relevant literatures in PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang (Chinese) Database published before June 2014. Eight independent case-control studies with a total of 533 AS patients and 478 matching controls were selected into this meta-analysis. Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the levels of serum vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cases and controls, respectively. Correlation coefficients (CORs) have been performed to value the correlationship between vitamin D and disease activity (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)) of AS patients. RESULTS Meta-analysis results suggested that vitamin D may play a protective role in AS (for total vitamin D: SMD=-0.71, P<0.001; for 25OHD: SMD=-0.66, P=0.002; for 1,25OHD: SMD=-0.72, P=0.19). Differences in PTH and serum calcium levels were not significant in AS (SMD=-0.10, P=0.67; SMD=0.12, P=0.17 respectively), while ALP was associated with AS susceptibility (SMD=0.20, P=0.04). The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity was statistically significant except for 25OHD versus (vs.) CRP or BASDAI (for CRP vs. 25OHD: COR=-0.22, P=0.08; for BASDAI vs. 25OHD: COR=-0.20, P=0.06, respectively). CONCLUSION The higher levels of serum vitamin D were associated with a decreased risk of AS, and showed an inverse relationship with AS activity.
-
7.
Solar ultraviolet radiation from cancer induction to cancer prevention: solar ultraviolet radiation and cell biology.
Tuorkey, MJ
European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP). 2015;(5):430-8
Abstract
Although decades have elapsed, researchers still debate the benefits and hazards of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. On the one hand, humans derive most of their serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3], which has potent anticancer activity, from solar UVB radiation. On the other hand, people are more aware of the risk of cancer incidence associated with harmful levels of solar UVR from daily sunlight exposure. Epidemiological data strongly implicate UV radiation exposure as a major cause of melanoma and other cancers, as UVR promotes mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. This review highlights the impact of the different mutagenic effects of solar UVR, along with the cellular and carcinogenic challenges with respect to sun exposure.
-
8.
Association between 25(OH)D Level, Ultraviolet Exposure, Geographical Location, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lu, C, Yang, J, Yu, W, Li, D, Xiang, Z, Lin, Y, Yu, C
PloS one. 2015;(7):e0132036
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the vitamin D levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the relationship between IBD and 25(OH)D, sun exposure, and latitude, and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency affects the severity of IBD. METHODS We searched the PubMed, EBSCO, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to identify all studies that assessed the association between 25(OH)D, sun exposure, latitude, and IBD through November 1, 2014, without language restrictions. Studies that compared 25(OH)D levels between IBD patients and controls were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Thirteen case-control studies investigating CD and 25(OH)D levels were included, and eight studies part of above studies also investigated the relationship between UC and 25(OH)D. Both CD patients (SMD: 0.26 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09-0.42 nmol/L) and UC patients (SMD: 0.5 nmol/L, 95% CI: 0.15-0.85 nmol/L) had lower levels of 25(OH)D than controls. In addition, CD patients and UC patients were 1.95 times (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.48-2.57) and 2.02 times (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.13-3.60) more likely to be 25(OH)D deficient than controls. We also included 10 studies investigating the relationship between CD activity and vitamin D. Results showed that patients with active CD (CD Activity Index ≥ 150) were more likely to have low vitamin D levels. In addition, whether low sun exposure and high latitude were related to a high morbidity of CD need to be provided more evidence. CONCLUSION Our study shows that IBD patients have lower vitamin D levels. For active CD patients, vitamin D levels were low. These findings suggest that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of IBD, although a direct association could not be determined in our study.
-
9.
The seasonality of slipped upper femoral epiphysis--meta-analysis: a possible association with vitamin D.
Farrier, AJ, Ihediwa, U, Khan, S, Kumar, A, Gulati, V, Uzoigwe, CE, Choudhury, MZ
Hip international : the journal of clinical and experimental research on hip pathology and therapy. 2015;(6):495-501
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the seasonality of slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE). In addition we compared the monthly incidences of SUFE at latitudes greater than 40° with the established serum 25-hydroxyvitamin levels for children resident at a comparative latitude. In total 11 relevant studies were identified, involving 7451 cases of SUFE. There was significant variation in the month of onset of SUFE. The degree of variability increased with increasing latitude. The modal month of symptomatic onset was dependent upon latitude. At latitudes greater than 40°, the most common month of onset was August. At latitudes between 20° and 40°, this was earlier in the calendar year, around April. The seasonal variability was statistically significant (p<0.0001 and p<0.005 for latitudes >40° and 20°-40° respectively). The pattern of monthly fluctuation in onset of SUFE very closely mirrored the monthly pattern of variation for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. There was a very strong positive correlation (Spearman rank rho = + 0.8, p = 0.001). There is a monthly variation in incidence of SUFE. The degree of variability increases with increasing latitude. There may be an association with vitamin D. We hypothesise that elevated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 accelerates growth thus rendering the growth plate vulnerable to slippage in analogous manner to the pubertal growth spurt.
-
10.
Calcidiol deficiency in end-stage organ failure and after solid organ transplantation: status quo.
Thiem, U, Olbramski, B, Borchhardt, K
Nutrients. 2013;(7):2352-71
Abstract
Among patients with organ failure, vitamin D deficiency is extremely common and frequently does not resolve after transplantation. This review crystallizes and summarizes existing data on the status quo of vitamin D deficiency in patients with organ failure and in solid organ transplant recipients. Interventional studies evaluating different treatment strategies, as well as current clinical practice guidelines and recommendations on the management of low vitamin D status in these patients are also discussed.