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Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Adhesion to Primary Teeth-A Systematic Review.
Coelho, A, Amaro, I, Apolónio, A, Paula, A, Saraiva, J, Ferreira, MM, Marto, CM, Carrilho, E
International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;(9)
Abstract
Some authors have been proposing the use of cavity disinfectants in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the effect of the microorganisms present in a dental cavity before a restoration is placed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cavity disinfectants on bond strength and clinical success of composite and glass ionomer restorations on primary teeth. The research was conducted using Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles published up to February 2021. The search was performed according to the PICO strategy. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each in vitro study was assessed using the CONSORT checklist for reporting in vitro studies on dental materials. Sixteen in vitro studies and one in situ study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chlorhexidine was the most studied cavity disinfectant, and its use does not compromise dentin bonding. Sodium hypochlorite is a promising alternative, but more research on its use is required to clearly state that it can safely be used as a cavity disinfectant for primary teeth. Although other disinfectants were studied, there is a low-level evidence attesting their effects on adhesion, therefore their use should be avoided.
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Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Dentin Bond Strength and Clinical Success of Composite Restorations-A Systematic Review of In Vitro, In Situ and Clinical Studies.
Coelho, A, Amaro, I, Rascão, B, Marcelino, I, Paula, A, Saraiva, J, Spagnuolo, G, Marques Ferreira, M, Miguel Marto, C, Carrilho, E
International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;(1)
Abstract
Cavity disinfection becomes an important step before a dental restorative procedure. The disinfection can be obtained cleaning the dental cavity with antimicrobial agents before the use of adhesive systems. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effect of different cavity disinfectants on restorations' adhesion and clinical success. A search was carried out through the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. In vitro and in situ studies reporting results on dentin bond strength tests, and clinical studies published until August 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. The methodological quality assessment of the clinical studies was carried out using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Chlorhexidine could preserve adhesion to dentin. EDTA and ethanol had positive results that should be further confirmed. Given the significant lack of scientific evidence, the use of lasers, fluoridated agents, sodium hypochlorite, or other products as cavity disinfectants should be avoided. Chlorhexidine is a safe option for cavity disinfection with adequate preservation of adhesion to dentin. Moreover, future researches should be focused on the efficacy of these disinfectants against cariogenic bacteria and their best application methods.
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The recovery effect of proanthocyanidin on microtensile bond strength to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentine.
Wang, Y, Chen, C, Zang, HL, Liang, YH
International endodontic journal. 2019;(3):371-376
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the recovery effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentine. METHODOLOGY Fifty-five freshly extracted third molars with intact dental crowns, no caries or restorations were sectioned to expose a sound middle layer of dentine and were randomly divided into 11 groups. In the blank control group, dentine surfaces were immersed in deionized water for 20 min. In the negative control group, dental surfaces were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min. In the other nine experimental groups, after immersion for 20 min in 5.25% NaOCl, followed by PA (5%, 10%, or 15%) treatment for 1, 5 min or 10 min. The NaOCl solution was renewed every 5 min. Then dentine surfaces were bonded using SE bond. Bonded samples were sectioned into dentine-resin sticks (n = 45) for microtensile bond strength testing (MPa). Failure modes were observed and classified into three types with a stereomicroscope. Microtensile bond strength data were analysed using one-way anova. The confidence interval test was performed to analyse the recovery effect of PA on bond strength to NaOCl-treated dentine. The chi-squared test was used to analyse failure mode distribution. RESULTS After use of 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min, microtensile bond strength in the negative control group decreased significantly compared with that of the untreated group (P < 0.05). After a recovery treatment of 10% PA for 10 min or 15% PA for more than 5 min, the bond strength was restored to at least 90% of baseline (P < 0.05). No recovery effect on bond strength was detected after the application of 5% PA for 1 min (P > 0.05). Adhesive fracture was found to be the most common failure mode in the NaOCl-treated group. After the recovery application of PA, the proportion of mixed failures increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Microtensile bond strength to NaOCl-treated dentine recovered after the application of either 5% PA for more than 5 min or 10% or 15% PA for more than 1 min. The application of PA before an adhesive procedure may immediately restore the compromised bond strength of NaOCl-treated dentine.
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Dentin bonding and physicochemical properties of adhesives incorporated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
de Macedo, FAA, Souza, NO, Lemos, MVS, De-Paula, DM, Santiago, SL, Feitosa, VP
Odontology. 2019;(1):23-28
Abstract
The aim was to assess dentin adhesion and physicochemical properties of experimental etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives doped with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a well-known collagen crosslinker obtained from green tea (Camellia sinensis). Experimental adhesives were prepared without (0 wt%), with 0.1 or 0.5 wt% EGCG addition. Their degree of conversion was surveyed by FTIR, and bar-shaped specimens were tested to obtain flexural strength and modulus initially and after 1-week ethanol storage. Extracted human molars were prepared, bonded, and cut into resin-dentin sticks for microtensile bond strength test, which was conducted after 24 h or 6-month water storage. Statistical analyses were performed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Degree of conversion outcomes depicted a significant polymerization reduction by the addition of EGCG in self-etch adhesive in both concentrations. However, only 0.1% reduced the conversion of etch-and-rinse adhesive. Flexural modulus and strength were significantly diminished (p < 0.05) by the addition of both concentrations of EGCG for the two model adhesives. Dentin-bond strength was reduced after aging with the addition of EGCG to self-etch adhesive. Nevertheless, 0.5% EGCG increased the bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive after aging, conversely to the significant reduction for EGCG-free control adhesive. In conclusion, EGCG at 0.5% provides optimal improvements on dentin bonding without altering final polymerization of a model etch-and-rinse adhesive.
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The effect of endodontic irrigants on the microtensile bond strength of different dentin adhesives.
Dikmen, B, Tarim, B
Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2018;(3):280-286
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the influence of irrigants on bond strength of adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Superficial dentin surfaces of 60 extracted molars were divided into 15 groups, according to irrigants and adhesives. In the control groups, surfaces were irrigated with distilled water. In experimental groups, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + NaOCl, chlorhexidine (CHX), and NaOCl + sodium ascorbate were used as irrigants. Resin composites were then built up using Single Bond, Clearfil SE Bond, and Xeno 3 as adhesives. The microtensile bond strength of groups was determined. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and the Bonferroni test. RESULTS NaOCl reduced bond strength of Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond (P < 0.01). For all adhesive systems, EDTA + NaOCl-treated groups exhibited lower bond strength than control groups (P < 0.01). CHX decreased bond strength of Single Bond (P < 0.01). Application of sodium ascorbate improved compromised bond strength to NaOCl-treated dentin (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Different irrigants had several effects on bonding of different adhesives. Sodium ascorbate after NaOCl could restore compromised bond strengths.
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Effect of the concentration of water in an MDP-based all-in-one adhesive on the efficacy of smear layer removal and on dentin bonding performance.
Teshima, M
Dental materials journal. 2018;(4):685-692
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Abstract
The effects of the water concentration in an experimental 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-based all-in-one (EX) adhesive were examined on the ability of MDP to remove the smear layer from the ground dentin surface and on the dentin bonding performance. Four types of EX adhesives were prepared by varying the amount of water (46.6, 93.2, 149.8 and 208.1 mg/g), but the MDP concentration was kept a constant at 49.9 mg/g. Scanning electron microscopy and bond strength measurements were performed on the dentin surface demineralized by each EX adhesive. Increased amount of water in the EX adhesive increased the ability of MDP to remove the smear layer. However, the solubilization of the smear layer into the EX adhesive decreased the dentin bond strength. The water concentration in the EX adhesive affected the efficacies of smear layer removal and dentin bonding performance more strongly than the pH value of the EX adhesive.
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New adhesive system based in metals cross-linking methacrylate.
Rubin Cocco, A, de Oliveira da Rosa, WL, Luque Peralta, S, Timm Maske, T, da Silva, AF, Andrade Hartwig, C, Foster Mesko, M, Piva, E, Guerra Lund, R
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2018;:519-526
Abstract
This study evaluated the anti-antibiofilm potential of silver methacrylate (Ag) or di-n-butyldimethacrylatetin (Sn) in experimental adhesive systems. Ag and Sn methacrylates were incorporated at 0.5mol%, 1mol% and 2mol% in an adhesive resin. The anti-antibiofilm potential, degree of conversion (DC), microtensile bond strength (μTBS), water sorption/solubility (WSR/SL), bonded interfaces pattern (SEM), cytotoxicity and leaching of Ag and Sn ions were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed considering α = 0.05. Only Ag at 2% affected DC and μTBS. Ag at 1% and 2% and Sn at 1% and 2% showed anti-biofilm potential against Mutans streptococci. Ag at 1% and 2% and Sn at 2% showed a statistically significant difference to the control in WSR/SL (p < 0.05). The additions of metal methacrylate did not affect cell viability, being the adhesive resins statistically similar to controls. Leached metals of Ag were more than 100x higher than for Sn. Between the concentration tested, Ag and Sn methacrylate at 1% presented an anti-biofilm effect without altering the mechanical properties evaluated.
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Rubbing time and bonding performance of one-step adhesives to primary enamel and dentin.
Botelho, MPJ, Isolan, CP, Schwantz, JK, Lopes, MB, Moraes, RR
Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2017;(5):523-532
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether increasing the concentration of acidic monomers in one-step adhesives would allow reducing their application time without interfering with the bonding ability to primary enamel and dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental one-step self-etch adhesives were formulated with 5 wt% (AD5), 20 wt% (AD20), or 35 wt% (AD35) acidic monomer. The adhesives were applied using rubbing motion for 5, 10, or 20 s. Bond strengths to primary enamel and dentin were tested under shear stress. A commercial etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE) served as reference. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of bonded interfaces. Data were analysed at p<0.05. RESULTS In enamel, AD35 had higher bond strength when rubbed for at least 10 s, while application for 5 s generated lower bond strength. In dentin, increased acidic monomer improved bonding only for 20 s rubbing time. The etch-and-rinse adhesive yielded higher bond strength to enamel and similar bonding to dentin as compared with the self-etch adhesives. The adhesive layer was thicker and more irregular for the etch-and-rinse material, with no appreciable differences among the self-etch systems. CONCLUSION Overall, increasing the acidic monomer concentration only led to an increase in bond strength to enamel when the rubbing time was at least 10 s. In dentin, despite the increase in bond strength with longer rubbing times, the results favoured the experimental adhesives compared to the conventional adhesive. Reduced rubbing time of self-etch adhesives should be avoided in the clinical setup.
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The role of copper nanoparticles in an etch-and-rinse adhesive on antimicrobial activity, mechanical properties and the durability of resin-dentine interfaces.
Gutiérrez, MF, Malaquias, P, Hass, V, Matos, TP, Lourenço, L, Reis, A, Loguercio, AD, Farago, PV
Journal of dentistry. 2017;:12-20
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of addition of copper nanoparticles at different concentrations into an etch-and-rinse adhesive (ER) on antimicrobial activity, Knoop microhardness (KHN), in vitro and in situ degree of conversion (DC), as well as the immediate (IM) and 2-year (2Y) resin-dentine bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL). METHODS Seven experimental ER adhesives were formulated according to the amount of copper nanoparticles incorporated into the adhesives (0 [control], 0.0075 to 1wt.%). We tested the antimicrobial activity of adhesives against Streptococcus mutans using agar diffusion assay after IM and 2Y. The Knoop microhardness and in vitro DC were tested after IM and 2Y. The adhesives were applied to flat occlusal dentine surfaces after acid etching. After resin build-ups, specimens were longitudinally sectioned to obtain beam-like resin-dentine specimens (0.8mm2), which were used for evaluation of μTBS and nanoleakage at the IM and 2Y periods. In situ DC was evaluated at the IM period in these beam-like specimens. Data were submitted to appropriate statistical analyses (α=0.05). RESULTS The addition of copper nanoparticles provided antimicrobial activity to the adhesives only in the IM evaluation and slightly reduced the KHN, the in vitro and in situ DC (copper concentrations of 1wt.%). However, KHN increase for all concentrations after 2Y. After 2Y, no significant reductions of μTBS (0.06 to 1% wt.%) and increases of nanoleakage were observed for copper containing adhesives compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Copper nanoparticles addition up to 0.5wt.% may provide antimicrobial properties to ER adhesives and prevent the degradation of the adhesive interface, without reducing the mechanical properties of the formulations.
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Effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and sulfinic acid sodium salt treatment on dentin-resin bonding: Long-term durability of one-step self-etching adhesive.
Nakatani, H, Mine, A, Matsumoto, M, Kabetani, T, Kawaguchi-Uemura, A, Higashi, M, Tajiri, Y, Imai, D, Hagino, R, Minamino, T, et al
Dental materials journal. 2017;(6):842-850
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sulfinic acid sodium salt interposition after acid and sodium hypochlorite treatment (NC treatment) on dentin bonding durability using a mild type one-step self-etching adhesive. Fifteen human third molars were randomly assigned into three experimental groups according to dentin pretreatment before applying the one-step self-etching adhesive: Cont group, without pretreatment; NC group, pretreatment with phosphoric acid and sodium hypochlorite gel; and NC+AC group, additional treatment with sulfinic acid sodium salt followed by the same pretreatment of the NC group. Microtensile bond strength was measured and the pre-treated dentin surface, fracture modes, and bonding interface were observed. The bond strength of the NC+AC group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p<0.001). The dentin-adhesive interface was degraded after 1 year only in the Cont group. Our results demonstrated NC treatment improves bonding durability and application of sodium sulfinic acid salt after NC treatment improves bonding effectiveness.