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Raspberry consumption: identification of distinct immune-metabolic response profiles by whole blood transcriptome profiling.
Franck, M, de Toro-Martín, J, Varin, TV, Garneau, V, Pilon, G, Roy, D, Couture, P, Couillard, C, Marette, A, Vohl, MC
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2022;:108946
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that diets rich in phenolic compounds are beneficial to immune-metabolic health, yet these effects are heterogeneous and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate the inter-individual variability of the immune-metabolic response to raspberry consumption, whole-blood RNAseq data from 24 participants receiving 280 g/d of raspberries for 8 weeks were used for the identification of responsiveness subgroups by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and hierarchical clustering. Transcriptomic-based clustering regrouped participants into two distinct subgroups of 13 and 11 participants, so-called responders and non-responders, respectively. Following raspberry consumption, a significant decrease in triglycerides, cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels were found in responders, as compared to non-responders. Two major gene expression components of 100 and 220 genes were identified by sparse PLSDA as those better discriminating responders from non-responders, and functional analysis identified pathways related to cytokine production, leukocyte activation and immune response as significantly enriched with most discriminant genes. As compared to non-responders, the plasma lipidomic profile of responders was characterized by a significant decrease in triglycerides and an increase in phosphatidylcholines following raspberry consumption. Prior to the intervention, a distinct metagenomic profile was identified by PLSDA between responsiveness subgroups, and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio was found significantly lower in responders, as compared to non-responders. Findings point to this transcriptomic-based clustering approach as a suitable tool to identify distinct responsiveness subgroups to raspberry consumption. This approach represents a promising framework to tackle the issue of inter-individual variability in the understanding of the impact of foods on immune-metabolic health.
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Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial.
Isanaka, S, Garba, S, Plikaytis, B, Malone McNeal, M, Guindo, O, Langendorf, C, Adehossi, E, Ciglenecki, I, Grais, RF
PLoS medicine. 2021;(8):e1003720
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status may play a role in infant immune development. To identify potential boosters of immunogenicity in low-income countries where oral vaccine efficacy is low, we tested the effect of prenatal nutritional supplementation on immune response to 3 doses of a live oral rotavirus vaccine. METHODS AND FINDINGS We nested a cluster randomized trial within a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized efficacy trial to assess the effect of 3 prenatal nutritional supplements (lipid-based nutrient supplement [LNS], multiple micronutrient supplement [MMS], or iron-folic acid [IFA]) on infant immune response (n = 53 villages and 1,525 infants with valid serology results: 794 in the vaccine group and 731 in the placebo group). From September 2015 to February 2017, participating women received prenatal nutrient supplement during pregnancy. Eligible infants were then randomized to receive 3 doses of an oral rotavirus vaccine or placebo at 6-8 weeks of age (mean age: 6.3 weeks, 50% female). Infant sera (pre-Dose 1 and 28 days post-Dose 3) were analyzed for anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary immunogenicity end point, seroconversion defined as ≥3-fold increase in IgA, was compared in vaccinated infants among the 3 supplement groups and between vaccine/placebo groups using mixed model analysis of variance procedures. Seroconversion did not differ by supplementation group (41.1% (94/229) with LNS vs. 39.1% (102/261) with multiple micronutrients (MMN) vs. 38.8% (118/304) with IFA, p = 0.91). Overall, 39.6% (n = 314/794) of infants who received vaccine seroconverted, compared to 29.0% (n = 212/731) of infants who received placebo (relative risk [RR]: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18, 1.57, p < 0.001). This study was conducted in a high rotavirus transmission setting. Study limitations include the absence of an immune correlate of protection for rotavirus vaccines, with the implications of using serum anti-rotavirus IgA for the assessment of immunogenicity and efficacy in low-income countries unclear. CONCLUSIONS This study showed no effect of the type of prenatal nutrient supplementation on immune response in this setting. Immune response varied depending on previous exposure to rotavirus, suggesting that alternative delivery modalities and schedules may be considered to improve vaccine performance in high transmission settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02145000.
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The effects of KaiXinSan on depression and its association with lipid profiles: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
Hu, Y, Chen, C, Wang, Y, Yang, W, Wang, Y, Zhu, W, Yan, C, Liu, P
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2021;:153467
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) KaiXinSan (KXS) has been used to treat depressed patients for a long time, but its potential underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. HYPOTHESIS KXS could mitigate symptoms of patients with atypical depression at least partly via regulating lipid equilibrium. METHODS Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for mild or moderate depression were assigned into placebo (N = 68) or KXS 3.2 g/day (N = 66) groups in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial to investigate the anti-depressive efficacy of KXS and its association with serum lipid profile. RESULTS The HAMD score and SDS score at 8 weeks were significantly improved in KXS-treated patients the N-BACK accuracy rate was also increased after 8 weeks of KXS treatment compared with baseline. These results indicated that KXS not only improved the specific symptoms of depression, but also had a beneficial effect on cognitive function related working memory. More importantly, KXS treatment improved patients' lipid profile by reducing the ratios of LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA1 (p < 0.05), as well as ApoC3 level. Moreover, subgroup analysis found that HAMD score was significantly higher in patients with high lipid profile than in those with normal lipid profile, and lipid improvement after 8 weeks of KXS treatment was more obvious in depressed patients with high lipid profile than with normal lipid profile. CONCLUSION KXS could mitigate symptoms of patients with minor and modest depression at least partly via regulating lipid equilibrium. Its might shed light that KXS may likely contributes to depressed patients with other cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Effects of interrupting sitting with different activity bouts on postprandial lipemia: A randomized crossover trial.
Ma, SX, Zhu, Z, Cao, ZB
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2021;(3):633-642
Abstract
To determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting with three different activity breaks has both acute and chronic effects on postprandial lipid metabolism immediately after the activity-break period and on the following day, this study is a secondary analysis of an experimental research, which included 16 sedentary healthy adults (7 men, 24 ± 3 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2 ) who completed four 26-h laboratory trials. Participants spent 22.5 hours in a whole room calorimeter for testing energy expenditure (EE), including a 9-h activity-break period: (a) 9-h prolonged sitting (SIT); (b) 3 minutes of brisk walking (60% VO2max ) in between every 30-min sitting bout (WALK3), (c) 5 minutes every 45-min (WALK5), and (d) 8 minutes every 60-min (WALK8). Total area under the curve (tAUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC) for 2-h postprandial serum triglyceride (TG) levels and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were examined immediately after the 9-h trial (post-dinner) and the next morning (post-breakfast). WALK8 reduced the post-breakfast TG tAUC by 11% (P = .041) relative to SIT, and the effect was attenuated after adjustment for EE. The tAUC and iAUC indicated no significant treatment effects on post-dinner TG and NEFA, and post-breakfast NEFA in any of the activity-break trials. EE was positively associated with the post-breakfast NEFA iAUC (unstandardized β = 0.17 µmol/L/MJ [0.05-0.28], P = .006). There was a chronic effect of interrupting sitting with short bouts (8 minutes) of brisk walking every 60 minutes on postprandial lipemia the following morning after intervention, and higher activity bout-induced EE may be more effective in sedentary, healthy adults.
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The effects of canola and olive oils consumption compared to sunflower oil, on lipid profile and hepatic steatosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
Yahay, M, Heidari, Z, Allameh, Z, Amani, R
Lipids in health and disease. 2021;(1):7
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies and metabolic disorders in women during their reproductive years. It is often associated with dyslipidemia and other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study was aimed to evaluate dietary intervention effects with canola and olive oils compared to sunflower oil on lipid profile and fatty liver severity among women with PCOS. METHOD This study was a 10-week intervention including 72 women with PCOS. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups for receiving 25 g/day canola, olive, or sunflower oils for 10 weeks. The primary and secondary outcomes were to assess changes in lipid profile and in fatty liver severity, respectively. RESULT At the end of the study, 72 patients with a mean age of 29.31 were analysed. Canola oil consumption resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of TG (P = 0.002) and TC/HDL (P = 0.021), LDL/HDL (P = 0.047), and TG/HDL (P = 0.001) ratios, however, there was no significant reduction in lipid profile following olive oil consumption. Canola (P < 0.001) and olive oils (P = 0.005) could significantly reduce the fatty liver grade. Moreover, HOMA-IR in both canola (P < 0.001) and olive (P = 0.004) groups was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In total, compared to olive and sunflower oils, significant improvements in lipid profile, liver function, and HOMA-IR were observed following canola oil consumption in women with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION IR.MUI. RESEARCH REC.1397.315. Registered 30 JUNE 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38684.
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Small-Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Do Not Affect Plasma or Milk Retinol Concentrations Among Malawian Mothers, or Plasma Retinol Concentrations among Young Malawian or Ghanaian Children in Two Randomized Trials.
Haskell, MJ, Young, R, Adu-Afaruwah, S, Lartey, A, Okronipa, HET, Maleta, K, Ashorn, U, Jorgensen, JM, Fan, YM, Arnold, CD, et al
The Journal of nutrition. 2021;(4):1029-1037
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is prevalent in preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) given to women during pregnancy and lactation and their children from 6 to 18 mo of age on women's plasma and milk retinol concentrations in Malawi, and children's plasma retinol concentration in Malawi and Ghana. METHODS Pregnant women (≤20 wk of gestation) were randomized to receive daily: 1) iron and folic acid (IFA) during pregnancy only; 2) multiple micronutrients (MMN; 800 μg retinol equivalent (RE)/capsule), or 3) SQ-LNS (800 μg RE/20g) during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum. Children of mothers in the SQ-LNS group received SQ-LNS (400 μg RE/20 g) from 6 to 18 mo of age; children of mothers in the IFA and MMN groups received no supplement. Plasma retinol was measured in mothers at ≤20 and 36 wk of gestation and 6 mo postpartum, and in children at 6 and 18 mo of age. Milk retinol was measured at 6 mo postpartum. VA status indicators were compared by group. RESULTS Among Malawian mothers, geometric mean (95% CI) plasma retinol concentrations at 36 wk of gestation and 6 mo postpartum were 0.97 μmol/L (0.94, 1.01 μmol/L) and 1.35 μmol/L (1.31, 1.39 μmol/L), respectively; geometric mean (95% CI) milk retinol concentration at 6 mo postpartum was 1.04 μmol/L (0.97, 1.13 μmol/L); results did not differ by intervention group. Geometric mean (95% CI) plasma retinol concentrations for Malawian children at 6 and 18 mo of age were 0.78 μmol/L (0.75, 0.81 μmol/L) and 0.81 μmol/L (0.78, 0.85 μmol/L), respectively, and for Ghanaian children they were 0.85 μmol/L (0.82, 0.88 μmol/L) and 0.88 μmol/L (0.85, 0.91 μmol/L), respectively; results did not differ by intervention group in either setting. CONCLUSIONS SQ-LNS had no effect on VA status of mothers or children, possibly because of low responsiveness of the VA status indicators.
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Effect of atorvastatin on lipogenic, inflammatory and thrombogenic markers in women with the metabolic syndrome.
Velarde, GP, Choudhary, N, Bravo-Jaimes, K, Smotherman, C, Sherazi, S, Kraemer, DF
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. 2021;(2):634-640
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Specific drug therapy to target the underlying proinflammatory and prothrombotic state in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) is lacking. We sought to study the effect of high-intensity atorvastatin on markers of lipogenesis, inflammation and thrombogenesis, in women with MS in the absence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized double-blinded controlled trial included 88 women with MS (according to National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and low atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomized to receive atorvastatin 80 mg or matching placebo. Thrombogenic, lipogenic and inflammatory markers were collected at the time of enrollment, after a 6-week dietary run-in phase (time of randomization), and at 6- and 12-weeks after randomization. At 6 weeks post-randomization, there was significant reduction in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) and Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio in the atorvastatin arm compared to placebo. This difference persisted at 12-weeks post randomization. There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum leptin, Apo-A1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and platelet activity. A significant increase in vascular adhesion molecule 1 at 6 and 12 weeks was seen within the atorvastatin arm. No difference was observed in blood pressure and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, high-intensity atorvastatin has an early and significant impact on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins but did not lower inflammatory, thrombogenic or biomarkers of platelet activity and aggregation in women with MS. The use of statins for primary prevention in these patients should be further explored.
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The Effects of TRX Suspension Training Combined with Taurine Supplementation on Body Composition, Glycemic and Lipid Markers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.
Samadpour Masouleh, S, Bagheri, R, Ashtary-Larky, D, Cheraghloo, N, Wong, A, Yousefi Bilesvar, O, Suzuki, K, Siahkouhian, M
Nutrients. 2021;(11)
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week total-body resistance exercise (TRX) suspension training intervention combined with taurine supplementation on body composition, blood glucose, and lipid markers in T2D females. METHODS Forty T2D middle-aged females (age: 53 ± 5 years, body mass = 84.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups, TRX suspension training + placebo (TP; n = 10), TRX suspension training + taurine supplementation (TT; n = 10), taurine supplementation (T; n = 10), or control (C; n = 10). Body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP)), blood glucose (fasting blood sugar (FBS)), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Insulin, and Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid markers (low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC)) were evaluated prior to and after interventions. RESULTS All three interventions significantly decreased body mass, BMI, and BFP with no changes between them for body mass and BMI; however, BFP changes in the TT group were significantly greater than all other groups. FBS was significantly reduced in TP and TT. Insulin concentrations' decrement were significantly greater in all experimental groups compared to C; however, no between group differences were observed between TT, TP, and T. In regards to HOMA-IR, decreases in TT were significantly greater than all other groups TG, HbA1c, and LDL were reduced following all interventions. HDL values significantly increased only in the TT group, while TC significantly decreased in TP and TT groups. Changes in HbA1c, TG, HDL, and TC were significantly greater in the TT compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS TRX training improved glycemic and lipid profiles, while taurine supplementation alone failed to show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Notably, the synergic effects of TRX training and taurine supplementation were shown in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, HDL, and BFP changes. Our outcomes suggest that TRX training + taurine supplementation may be an effective adjuvant therapy in individuals with T2D.
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Endurance and Sprint Training Improve Glycemia and V˙O2peak but only Frequent Endurance Benefits Blood Pressure and Lipidemia.
Petrick, HL, King, TJ, Pignanelli, C, Vanderlinde, TE, Cohen, JN, Holloway, GP, Burr, JF
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2021;(6):1194-1205
Abstract
PURPOSE Sprint interval training (SIT) has gained popularity as a time-effective alternative to moderate-intensity endurance training (END). However, whether SIT is equally effective for decreasing cardiometabolic risk factors remains debatable, as many beneficial effects of exercise are thought to be transient, and unlike END, SIT is not recommended daily. Therefore, in line with current exercise recommendations, we examined the ability of SIT and END to improve cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese males. METHODS Twenty-three participants were randomized to perform 6 wk of constant workload SIT (3 d·wk-1, 4-6 × 30 s ~170% Wpeak, 2 min recovery, n = 12) or END (5 d·wk-1, 30-40 min, ~60% Wpeak, n = 11) on cycle ergometers. Aerobic capacity (V˙O2peak), body composition, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, endothelial function, glucose and lipid tolerance, and free-living glycemic regulation were assessed pre- and posttraining. RESULTS Both END and SIT increased V˙O2peak (END ~15%, SIT ~5%) and glucose tolerance (~20%). However, only END decreased diastolic BP, abdominal fat, and improved postprandial lipid tolerance, representing improvements in cardiovascular risk factors that did not occur after SIT. Although SIT, but not END, increased endothelial function, arterial stiffness was not altered in either group. Indices of free-living glycemic regulation were improved after END and trended toward an improvement after SIT (P = 0.06-0.09). However, glycemic control was better on exercise compared with rest days, highlighting the importance of exercise frequency. Furthermore, in an exploratory nature, favorable individual responses (V˙O2peak, BP, glucose tolerance, lipidemia, and body fat) were more prevalent after END than low-frequency SIT. CONCLUSION As only high-frequency END improved BP and lipid tolerance, free-living glycemic regulation was better on days that participants exercised, and favorable individual responses were consistent after END, high-frequency END may favorably improve cardiometabolic health.
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A combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with the interindividual variability in the blood lipid response to dietary fatty acid consumption in a randomized clinical trial.
Rajendiran, E, Lamarche, B, She, Y, Ramprasath, V, Eck, P, Brassard, D, Gigleux, I, Levy, E, Tremblay, A, Couture, P, et al
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2021;(2):564-577
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipid concentrations display high interindividual variability in response to dietary interventions, partly due to genetic factors. Existing studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed individually, which only explain a limited fraction of the variability of these complex phenotypes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify combinations of SNPs associated with the variability in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentration changes following 5 dietary interventions. DESIGN In a multicenter randomized crossover trial, 92 participants with elevated waist circumference and low HDL cholesterol concentrations consumed 5 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk: a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) from cheese, SFA from butter, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a diet higher in carbohydrates (CHO). The association between 22 candidate SNPs in genes involved in lipid and bile acid metabolism and transport and changes in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations was assessed with univariate statistics followed by partial least squares regression. RESULTS Endpoint LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (cheese: 3.18 ± 0.04, butter: 3.31 ± 0.04, MUFA 3.00 ± 0.04, PUFA 2.81 ± 0.04, CHO: 3.11 ± 0.04 mmol/L; P < 0.001) while endpoint TG concentrations were not (P = 0.117). Both displayed consistently elevated interindividual variability following the dietary interventions (CVs of 34.5 ± 2.2% and 55.8 ± 1.8%, respectively). Among the 22 candidate SNPs, only ABCA1-rs2066714 and apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms exhibited consistent significant effects, namely on LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, several SNPs were significantly associated with changes in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations in a diet-specific fashion. Generated multivariate models explained from 16.0 to 33.6% of the interindividual variability in LDL cholesterol concentration changes and from 17.5 to 32.0% of that in TG concentration changes. CONCLUSIONS We report combinations of SNPs associated with a significant part of the variability in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations following dietary interventions differing in their fatty acid profiles.