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1.
Caffeine Supplementation or Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Improves Performance.
Pereira, PEA, Azevedo, P, Azevedo, K, Azevedo, W, Machado, M
International journal of sports medicine. 2021;(2):147-152
Abstract
Training volume is one of the critical variables required to promote resistance training benefits (e. g., hypertrophy, muscular strength). Thus, strategies to improve training volume are required. We tested the hypothesis that there is an increase in performance and reduction in the rate of perceived exertion in strength training with caffeine supplementation, carbohydrate mouth rinse, and a synergistic effect of caffeine supplementation plus carbohydrate mouth rinse. We recruited 29 physically active women: 24±4 years, 60.0±7.9 kg, 161.0±6.0 cm. This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and crossover one. The subjects performed all sessions of strength training under different conditions: caffeine (6.5 mg·kg-1 body mass); carbohydrate (6 g of maltodextrin rinsed for 10 s); caffeine plus carbohydrate; or placebo. We applied the ANOVA for repeated measures through the null-hypothesis statistical test, and the Bayes factors analyses approach. The subjects showed significant improvement in the total repetitions (P<0.01; BF10 ~99%) for both lower and upper limb exercises in all conditions compared to placebo without difference among interventions. The rate of perceived exertion (P>0.05) did not differ among interventions. However, BF10 analyses showed a higher probability of lower RPE for CAF intervention. We conclude that either caffeine supplementation or carbohydrate mouth rinse can improve performance in resistance training. There is no additional effect of caffeine plus carbohydrate.
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Effect of glucose and sodium chloride mouth rinses on neuromuscular fatigue: a preliminary study.
Khong, TK, Selvanayagam, V, Yusof, A
European journal of sport science. 2021;(2):224-230
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Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to improve endurance performance and maintain the central drive of contracting muscles. Salt (NaCl) mouth rinse solution, often used in dentistry to desensitise the oral cavity to pain, could also activate cortical areas of the brain. Hence, the objective of this preliminary study was to investigate whether CHO (glucose) and NaCl mouth rinses could attenuate the reduction in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and sustained MVC (sMVC) following an endurance exercise (30-minute cycling at 70% VO2max). Ten subjects (male, age: 22 ± 1 years, weight: 65.3 ± 12.4 kg, height: 164.5 ± 7.5 cm, VO2max: 48.3 ± 6.1 mL kg-1 min-1) completed three trials of 30-minute cycling exercise. In a randomised cross-over study, in each trial, the participants rinsed using either water, 6% glucose, or 6% NaCl solution for 5 s immediately prior to and every 10 min during the cycling exercise. The MVC and sMVC were measured pre and post cycling. Analysis of variance showed significant interaction and time effects for MVC, while for sMVC there was a significant interaction with time and group effects. Both MVC and sMVC were higher post cycling in the glucose and NaCl groups compared to the water group, which suggests that activation of glucose and NaCl oral receptors could better preserve post-exercise force production. This is the first study to show that NaCl mouth rinse can produce a comparable effect on glucose. Hence, mouth rinses may be able to activate other distinct pathways that could attenuate fatigue.
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Results of a randomized controlled phase III trial: efficacy of polyphenol-containing cystus® tea mouthwash solution for the reduction of mucositis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy.
Ebert, N, Kensche, A, Löck, S, Hadiwikarta, WW, Hänsch, A, Dörr, W, Krause, M, Hannig, C, Baumann, M
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]. 2021;(1):63-73
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of Cystus® tea (Naturprodukte Dr. Pandalis GmbH & Co. KG) as mouthwash compared to sage tea on oral mucositis in patients undergoing radio(chemo)therapy for head and neck cancer. METHODS In this randomized, prospective phase III study, 60 head and neck cancer patients with primary or postoperative radio(chemo)therapy were included between 04/2012 and 06/2014. They received either sage or Cystus® tea for daily mouthwash under therapy. Mucositis was scored twice a week following the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer (RTOG/EORTC) scoring system. Dental parameters were also recorded. Statistical evaluation of the primary endpoint was performed using t‑test and log rank test. RESULTS Data from 57 patients could be evaluated. Patient characteristics showed no significant difference between the two groups (n = 27 sage; n = 30 Cystus®). A total of 55 patients received the prescribed dose (60-66 Gy postoperative; 70-76.8 Gy primary). Mucositis grade 3 was observed in 23 patients (n = 11 sage; n = 12 Cystus®) and occurred between day 16 and 50 after start of therapy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in latency (p = 0.75) and frequency (p = 0.85) of the occurrence of mucositis grade 3. The self-assessment of the oral mucosa and the tolerability of the tea also showed no significant differences. Occurrence of dental pathologies appeared to increase over time after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION Cystus® and sage tea have a similar effect on the occurrence of radiation-induced mucositis regarding latency and incidence. Cystus® tea mouthwash solution is tolerated well and can be applied in addition to intensive oral care and hygiene along with the application of fluorides.
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Efficacy of green tea and its extract, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, in the reduction of cariogenic microbiota in children: a randomized clinical trial.
Vilela, MM, Salvador, SL, Teixeira, IGL, Del Arco, MCG, De Rossi, A
Archives of oral biology. 2020;:104727
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of green tea and its extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a mouthwash in children. DESIGN The study group included 47 children aged 5-12 years at high caries risk and prevalence. Children selected were asked to rinse with one of the substances (EGCG, green tea, chlorhexidine and distilled water) for one min. A non-stimulated salivary sample (2 mL) was collected at baseline and after rinsing. The concentration of cariogenic microorganisms (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) was determined before and after rinsing based on the count of colony-forming units (CFU). CFU were counted with the aid of a stereomicroscope through the perfunctory identification of the morphological characteristics of CFU. The microbial reduction percentage was then calculated. RESULTS The analysis of the effectiveness of the treatments showed that there was a significant reduction in relation to the values obtained before and after the mouthwash, both for mutans streptococci (pCHX = 0.001; pEGCG = 0.001; pGreen Tea = 0.005; pDistilled Water = 0.018) and lactobacilli (pCHX = 0.001; pEGCG = 0.002; pGreen Tea = 0.008; pDistilled Water = 0.033). The percentage of microbial reduction of both cariogenic microorganisms caused by the EGCG solution was higher than green tea and distilled water, but less than CHX. The percentage of microbial reduction by the EGCG solution for mutans streptococci was 79.9%, green tea 68.3%, distilled water 50.6% and CHX 95.5%. For lactobacilli, the percentage reduction of all solutions was relatively lower when compared to mutans streptococci. For the EGCG solution it was 72.09%, followed by green tea 59.17% and distilled water 41.96%, but less than CHX 86.02%. CONCLUSION Rinsing with EGCG solution reduced the levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the oral cavity of children. Although EGCG had better antimicrobial activity than green tea, this study supports the effectiveness of both as an antibacterial mouthwash option. Both EGCG and green tea could be used as alternatives to chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes.
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Study protocol for efficacy and safety of steroid-containing mouthwash to prevent chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in women with breast cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 2 study.
Kuba, S, Yamanouchi, K, Matsumoto, M, Maeda, S, Hatachi, T, Sakiko, S, Kawashita, Y, Morita, M, Sakimura, C, Inamasu, E, et al
BMJ open. 2020;(2):e033446
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stomatitis is a frequent adverse event in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Stomatitis can hamper oral nutrition resulting in malnutrition, reduce quality of life and introduce the need for dose reductions and interruption of chemotherapy; however, there is currently no standard approach for preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a dexamethasone-based elixir mouthwash for preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in patients with early breast cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this multicenter, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial, we will randomly assign 120 women with early breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy to use of a dexamethasone-based elixir or standard oral care, to compare their preventive effects on chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Patients will be assigned in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the intervention group will receive chemotherapy, oral care and a dexamethasone-based elixir (10 mL 0.1 mg/mL; swish for 2 min and spit, four times daily for 9 weeks), and patients in the control group will receive chemotherapy and oral care. The primary endpoint is the difference in incidence of stomatitis between the two groups. The sample size allows for the detection of a minimum difference of 20% in the incidence of stomatitis between the two groups. Secondary endpoints are severity of stomatitis, duration of stomatitis, completion rate of chemotherapy and adverse events. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All participants signed a written consent form, and the study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Nagasaki University (CRB7180001). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000030489).
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A Fatty Acid Mouth Rinse Decreases Self-Reported Hunger and Increases Self-Reported Fullness in Healthy Australian Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.
Costanzo, A, Russell, CG, Lewin, S, Keast, R
Nutrients. 2020;(3)
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) chemoreception in the oral cavity, known as fat taste, may trigger a satiety response that is homologous to FA chemoreception in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, individuals with an impaired fat taste sensitivity are more likely to have an impaired satiety response. This study aimed to assess the effect of an FA mouth rinse on self-reported appetite, and to determine if the effect is modified by fat taste sensitivity. Thirty-one participants (age, 32.0 ± 8.4 y; body mass index (BMI), 26.1 ± 8.1 kg/m2) were studied on four separate days to evaluate the effect of a 20 mM oleic acid (OA) mouth rinse (in duplicate) compared to a control (in duplicate) on self-reported appetite by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) every 30 min for three hours following a standardized low-fat breakfast. The area under the curve ratings for fullness were greater (p = 0.003), and those for hunger were lower (p = 0.002) following the OA rinse compared to the control. The effect of the OA rinse was greater in individuals who were hypersensitive to fat taste compared to moderately sensitive and hyposensitive individuals for fullness (p < 0.010) and hunger (p < 0.010) ratings. In summary, an OA mouth rinse decreases self-reported hunger and increases self-reported fullness, particularly in those who are more sensitive to fat taste. FA receptors in the oral cavity may be potential targets to regulate appetite.
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Analysis of the Efficacy of Two Treatment Protocols for Patients with Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Santonocito, S, Polizzi, A, De Pasquale, R, Ronsivalle, V, Lo Giudice, A, Isola, G
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;(1)
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated disease, which can alter the quality of life of patients. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of clobetasol oral gel 0.05% versus an anti-inflammatory in oral solution (mouthwash) in the management of patients suffering from symptomatic OLP. The secondary objective was to analyze which one of the two treatments induced a greater risk of developing side effects. Forty patients were assigned (20 patients for group), through a randomized design, to receive clobetasol gel 0.05% or an anti-inflammatory mouthwash, which contains calcium hydroxide, hyaluronic acid, umbelliferone and oligomeric pro-anthocyanidins) for three months. At baseline (T0) and after 3 months (T1), patients underwent dental and dermatological examinations to assess their symptoms (Numerical Pain Scale (NRS) score) and signs (Thongprasom score). Data were calculated using T-test for the dependent variable, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney u test. Both clobetasol and anti-inflammatory resulted in a statistically significant reduction of signs, (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) and symptoms (p < 0.001 for clobetasol and p = 0.02 for anti-inflammatory). In conclusion, the results evidenced that, compared to clobetasol, the anti-inflammatory was less effective in determining the reduction of signs and symptom in OLP patients.
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Caffeine mouth rinse has no effects on anaerobic energy yield during a Wingate Test.
Marinho, AH, Mendes, EV, Vilela, RA, Bastos-Silva, VJ, Araujo, GG, Balikian, P
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2020;(1):69-74
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose was to investigate the effect of caffeine (CAF) mouth rinse on peak power (PP), mean power (MP), peak power relative to body mass (rel PP), mean power relative to body mass (rel MP), fatigue index (FI) and anaerobic contribution in the Wingate Test. METHODS Ten healthy men (age: 24.8±3.7 years; body mass: 71.0±7.8 kg; height: 170±3 cm; body fat: 17.02±4.9%; VO2max: 44.15±5.5 ml·kg-1·min=) were recruited. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over design was employed. Participants were instructed to complete Wingate Test in the fastest time possible under 2 conditions: CAF (25 ml of mint syrup with 1.2% of CAF, equivalent to 300 mg of CAF) and placebo (PLA) (25 ml of mint syrup without CAF). RESULTS There was no difference at PP (P=0.66), MP (P=0.16), rel PP (P=0.82), rel MP (P=0.18), FI (P=0.19), anaerobic alactic (P=0.71), anaerobic lactic (P=0.25), total energy expenditure (P=0.41) and peak plasma lactate concentration (P=0.57). CONCLUSIONS CAF mouth rinse did not increase peak power (PP), mean power (MP), peak power relative to body mass (rel PP), mean power relative to body mass (rel MP), Fatigue Index (FI) nor anaerobic contribution in the Wingate Test.
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Carbohydrate mouth rinse improves cycling performance carried out until the volitional exhaustion.
Bavaresco Gambassi, B, Gomes de Santana Barros Leal, Y, Pinheiro Dos Anjos, ER, Antonelli, BA, Gomes Gonçalves E Silva, DC, Hermes Pires de Mélo Montenegro, I, di Cássia de Oliveira Angelo, R, Suruagy Correia Moura, I, Schwingel, PA
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2019;(1):1-5
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrates (CHO) are among the most investigated nutritional ergogenic aids, and may be consumed in different forms, e.g., mouth rinse with carbohydrate solution (MRCS). In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MRCS on the performance of physically active individuals undergoing a physical exercise session carried out until the volitional exhaustion. METHODS This is a counter-balanced randomized study, with a double-blind design. The sample consisted of twenty-one physically active healthy men with a mean (±SD) of age of 22.4 (±2.7) years old, 76.7 (±6.0) cm of height,12.1% (±3.7) of body fat mass, and 23.9 (±2.4) kg/m2 of body mass index. After familiarizing the participants with the protocol (cycle ergometer, with oral mouth rinse procedure) and assessing the maximal lactate steady state the cycling exercise was performed until the volitional exhaustion in the following conditions: without mouth rinse (CONTROL), PLACEBO and MRCS. RESULTS Time to reach exhaustion was statistically different (P<0.0001) between conditions (control: 43.0±27.5 minutes; placebo: 57.4±30.6 minutes; MRCS 70.9±30.3 minutes). CONCLUSIONS The administration of MRCS was shown to be effective in improving cycling performance, increasing the time to exhaustion until the volitional exhaustion. Thus, the use of methodology proposed by the present study may help coaches and practitioners improve the performance of physically active young adults.
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The effect of an oral care protocol and honey mouthwash on mucositis in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy: a single-blind clinical trial.
Khanjani Pour-Fard-Pachekenari, A, Rahmani, A, Ghahramanian, A, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Onyeka, TC, Davoodi, A
Clinical oral investigations. 2019;(4):1811-1821
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of honey mouthwash and an oral care protocol on mucositis and weight loss in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-blind clinical trial, 53 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving chemotherapy were randomly assigned into three groups: honey mouthwash (n = 17), oral care (n = 17), and control (n = 19). The severity of mucositis and weights was examined blindly at the baseline and 4-week follow-up. RESULTS The prevalence of grades of mucositis in the study groups was significant at the end of the third (p = 0.002) and fourth (p < 0.001) weeks. The mucositis severity decreased at the end of the third and fourth weeks in the honey mouthwash group (p < 0.05), whereas it increased in the control group (p < 0.001). The difference in the weight was significant between the honey mouthwash and the control groups (p < 0.05, MD = 1.95) at the end of the third week, and between the honey mouthwash group with the control (p < 0.01, MD = 2.92) and oral care groups (p < 0.05, MD = 1.95) at the end of the fourth week. CONCLUSIONS Honey mouthwash is effective in preventing and reducing the severity of mucositis, and weight loss and can be recommended for patients undergoing chemotherapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this study suggest that honey mouthwash can reduce the incidence and severity of mucositis in patients, reduce or eliminate the possibility of weight loss in them, as well as encourage some weight gain. Compared to routine oral care, honey mouthwash is also easier to use and handle. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2015121419919N7.