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1.
Nutrition Interventions in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review.
Handu, D, Piotrowski, M
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022;(2):424-431
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review was to identify and characterize studies examining the effect of nutrition management interventions and effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy to improve nutrition-related outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. An in-depth electronic search was conducted by a medical librarian in six databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science Core Collection. The literature search resulted in 5,122 records, and five records were identified through hand search. Of these 5,127 records, 22 articles and eight systematic reviews met our inclusion criteria. An equal number of the studies were experimental (ie, randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials, or noncontrolled trials) (n = 11) and observational (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) (n = 11) with the remaining studies being systematic reviews/meta-analyses (n = 8). Most of these studies were conducted in United States or Europe. Based on this scoping review, the majority of studies focus on either carbohydrate counting or evaluation of dietary intake patterns with little emphasis on tailored patient education/counseling services specifically designed to meet a young child's or his/her family's individual needs. Indeed, only four studies in this scoping review used dietary counseling and/or medical nutrition therapy. As such, there remains a significant gap in the literature as it relates to the efficacy and long-term management implications of tailored nutrition interventions in young children with type 1 diabetes.
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2.
Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.
Jiménez-Cortegana, C, Iglesias, P, Ribalta, J, Vilariño-García, T, Montañez, L, Arrieta, F, Aguilar, M, Durán, S, Obaya, JC, Becerra, A, et al
Nutrients. 2021;(11)
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The prevalence of CVD is much higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who may benefit from lifestyle changes, which include adapted diets. In this review, we provide the role of different groups of nutrients in patients with T2DM and CVD, as well as dietary approaches that have been associated with better and worse outcomes in those patients. Many different diets and supplements have proved to be beneficial in T2DM and CVD, but further studies, guidelines, and dietary recommendations are particularly required for patients with both diseases.
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3.
Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review.
Rozga, M, Cheng, FW, Moloney, L, Handu, D
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2021;(7):1354-1363
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Abstract
Recent narrative reviews have described the potential efficacy of providing individuals infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with additional micronutrients to reduce disease severity. Although there are compelling reasons why providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids may affect COVID-19-related outcomes, evidence is lacking. The objective of this scoping review is to explore and describe the literature examining the effect of providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids (glutamine, arginine) in adults with conditions or infections similar to COVID-19 infection on COVID-19-related health outcomes. A literature search of the MEDLINE database and hand search of Cochrane Database of systematic reviews retrieved 1,423 unique studies, and 8 studies were included in this scoping review. Four studies examined a target population with ventilator-related pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the other 4 studies included patients who were at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Interventions included intravenous ascorbic acid, intramuscular cholecalciferol, enteral and intramuscular vitamin E, enteral zinc sulfate, and oral and parenteral glutamine. In 6 of the 8 included studies, baseline status of the nutrient of interest was not reported and, thus, it is uncertain how outcomes may vary in the context of nutrient deficiency or insufficiency compared with sufficiency. In the absence of direct evidence examining efficacy of providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids to standard care, registered dietitian nutritionists must rely on clinical expertise and indirect evidence to guide medical nutrition therapy for patients infected with COVID-19.
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4.
Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges.
Petroni, ML, Brodosi, L, Marchignoli, F, Sasdelli, AS, Caraceni, P, Marchesini, G, Ravaioli, F
Nutrients. 2021;(8)
Abstract
Unhealthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, coupled with genetic predisposition, drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrence and severity; the present review aims to summarise the most recent nutritional approaches in T2D, outlining unmet needs. Guidelines consistently suggest reducing energy intake to counteract the obesity epidemic, frequently resulting in sarcopenic obesity, a condition associated with poorer metabolic control and cardiovascular disease. Various dietary approaches have been proposed with largely similar results, with a preference for the Mediterranean diet and the best practice being the diet that patients feel confident of maintaining in the long term based on individual preferences. Patient adherence is indeed the pivotal factor for weight loss and long-term maintenance, requiring intensive lifestyle intervention. The consumption of nutritional supplements continues to increase even if international societies do not support their systematic use. Inositols and vitamin D supplementation, as well as micronutrients (zinc, chromium, magnesium) and pre/probiotics, result in modest improvement in insulin sensitivity, but their use is not systematically suggested. To reach the desired goals, patients should be actively involved in the collaborative development of a personalised meal plan associated with habitual physical activity, aiming at normal body weight and metabolic control.
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5.
Optimizing Inpatient Nutrition Care of Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the 21st Century.
Chiu, E, Oleynick, C, Raman, M, Bielawska, B
Nutrients. 2021;(5)
Abstract
Malnutrition is highly prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and disproportionately affects those admitted to hospital. Malnutrition is a risk factor for many complications in IBD, including prolonged hospitalization, infection, greater need for surgery, development of venous thromboembolism, post-operative complications, and mortality. Early screening for malnutrition and prompt nutrition intervention if indicated has been shown to prevent or mitigate many of these outlined risk factors. There are many causes of malnutrition in IBD including reduced oral food intake, medications, active inflammation, and prior surgical resections. Hospitalization can further compound pre-existing malnutrition through inappropriate diet restrictions, nil per os (NPO) for endoscopy and imaging, or partial bowel obstruction, resulting in "post-hospital syndrome" after discharge and readmission. The aim of this article is to inform clinicians of the prevalence and consequences of malnutrition in IBD, as well as available screening and assessment tools for diagnosis, and to offer an organized approach to the nutritional care of hospitalized adult IBD patients.
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6.
[Menstrual disorders: what we know about dietary-nutritional therapy].
Aguilar-Aguilar, E
Nutricion hospitalaria. 2021;(Spec No2):52-56
Abstract
The reproductive age of a woman comprises a large part of her life. Suffering from menstrual disorders, such as dysmenorrhea, endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), can have serious implications in the lives of those suffering them, so it is important to diagnose these problems and treat them in the most appropriate way. In the diagnosis of these problems it is important to carry out a rigorous medical history, in which a complete menstrual history is collected. Analgesic and hormonal pharmacological treatment, dietary therapy, surgery or alternative therapies may be included within the approach of these conditions. Regarding diet, this seems to be an important modulating factor, without having studied with sufficient scientific rigor the real effect it causes in women suffering from menstrual disorders. It is advisable to study each case individually and adapt the dietary-nutritional therapy. In endometriosis, for example, any additional problems such as fertility problems or immune diseases must be considered. In general, it is recommended to follow a healthy eating pattern, in which fresh unprocessed foods predominate, and avoid those rich in refined carbohydrates or fats, salt, alcohol and stimulating beverages. The efficacy of food supplements requires further research, although the positive effect of evening primrose oil on PMS appears to be a proven fact.
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7.
Nutritional Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Noce, A, Marrone, G, Wilson Jones, G, Di Lauro, M, Pietroboni Zaitseva, A, Ramadori, L, Celotto, R, Mitterhofer, AP, Di Daniele, N
Nutrients. 2021;(8)
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with nefarious impairments such as bone demineralization, muscle wasting, and hormonal alterations, for example, insulin resistance. Whilst it is possible to control this condition with alkali treatment, consisting in the oral administration of sodium citrate or sodium bicarbonate, this type of intervention is not free from side effects. On the contrary, opting for the implementation of a targeted dietetic-nutritional treatment for the control of CKD metabolic acidosis also comes with a range of additional benefits such as lipid profile control, increased vitamins, and antioxidants intake. In our review, we evaluated the main dietary-nutritional regimens useful to counteract metabolic acidosis, such as the Mediterranean diet, the alkaline diet, the low-protein diet, and the vegan low-protein diet, analyzing the potentialities and limits of every dietary-nutritional treatment. Literature data suggest that the Mediterranean and alkaline diets represent a valid nutritional approach in the prevention and correction of metabolic acidosis in CKD early stages, while the low-protein diet and the vegan low-protein diet are more effective in CKD advanced stages. In conclusion, we propose that tailored nutritional approaches should represent a valid therapeutic alternative to counteract metabolic acidosis.
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8.
Methods and Nutritional Interventions to Improve the Nutritional Status of Dialysis Patients in JAPAN-A Narrative Review.
Kanno, Y, Kanda, E, Kato, A
Nutrients. 2021;(5)
Abstract
Patients receiving dialysis therapy often have frailty, protein energy wasting, and sarcopenia. However, medical staff in Japan, except for registered dietitians, do not receive training in nutritional management at school or on the job. Moreover, registered dietitians work separately from patients and medical staff even inside a hospital, and there are many medical institutions that do not have registered dietitians. In such institutions, medical staff are required to manage patients' nutritional disorders without assistance from a specialist. Recent studies have shown that salt intake should not be restricted under conditions of low nutrition in frail subjects or those undergoing dialysis, and protein consumption should be targeted at 0.9 to 1.2 g/kg/day. The Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy suggests that the Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis (NRI-JH) is a useful tool to screen for older patients with malnutrition.
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9.
Nutrition in Gynecological Diseases: Current Perspectives.
Ciebiera, M, Esfandyari, S, Siblini, H, Prince, L, Elkafas, H, Wojtyła, C, Al-Hendy, A, Ali, M
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are fundamental in maintaining the general health of populations, including women's health. Health status can be affected by nutrient deficiency and vice versa. Gene-nutrient interactions are important contributors to health management and disease prevention. Nutrition can alter gene expression, as well as the susceptibility to diseases, including cancer, through several mechanisms. Gynecological diseases in general are diseases involving the female reproductive system and include benign and malignant tumors, infections, and endocrine diseases. Benign diseases such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are common, with a negative impact on women's quality of life, while malignant tumors are among the most common cause of death in the recent years. In this comprehensive review article, a bibliographic search was performed for retrieving information about nutrients and how their deficiencies can be associated with gynecological diseases, namely polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and infections, as well as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Moreover, we discussed the potential beneficial impact of promising natural compounds and dietary supplements on alleviating these significant diseases.
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10.
Adherence to nutritional interventions in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic scoping review of the literature.
de Oliveira Faria, S, Alvim Moravia, R, Howell, D, Eluf Neto, J
Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association. 2021;(3):562-571
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary counselling provided by a dietitian, with or without oral nutritional supplements, can impact on nutritional and clinical outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy. However, little is known about the role of adherence to oral nutritional interventions in this population. This review aimed to map the literature for evidence of adherence to oral nutritional interventions in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy and to identify gaps in knowledge in this field. METHODS A scoping review methodology was used to identify studies, extract data, and collate and summarise results. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and CINAHL, from the earliest available time up to 8 January 2020. RESULTS In total, 2315 unique articles were identified, 163 studies were assessed in full and niner were included in the scoping review. The use of different measures to assess adherence and variability in the timing of the assessments was noted across studies. Despite identifying studies that have measured adherence to oral nutritional interventions, very few studies monitored its influence on clinical and nutritional outcomes in HNC patients or reported factors related to adherence. CONCLUSIONS A robust evidence base is lacking for adherence to oral nutritional intervention in HNC patients. Overall, further studies evaluating the impact of oral nutritional interventions in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy should measure adherence to the intervention. Early recognition of non-adherence and the contributing factors could ensure intensification of nutritional support and better health outcomes.