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1.
Ozonation of 47 organic micropollutants in secondary treated municipal effluents: Direct and indirect kinetic reaction rates and modelling.
Mathon, B, Coquery, M, Liu, Z, Penru, Y, Guillon, A, Esperanza, M, Miège, C, Choubert, JM
Chemosphere. 2021;:127969
Abstract
Micropollutants like pharmaceuticals, hormones and pesticides are still found in treated municipal wastewater. An effective way to degrade micropollutants is to use oxidants such as ozone or hydroxyl radicals. We designed an innovative experimental protocol combining batch experiments and a study of a full-scale WWTP to understand and predict the removal via ozonation of typical micropollutants present in secondary treated effluents. First, the direct and indirect ozonation of 47 organic micropollutants was scrutinized, then a model was developed and calibrated to simulate the ozone transfers and the oxidation of the selected micropollutants. The kinetic rate constants between micropollutants and ozone or hydroxyl radicals (OH●) were determined for 47 micropollutants found in secondary treated effluent. We classified the micropollutants into low- (kO3 between 1.50 and 4.47 × 102 L mol-1. s-1), medium- (kO3 between 1.31 × 103 and 4.92 × 103 L mol-1. s-1) and high-oxidizable groups (kO3 between 9.44 × 104 and 8.18 × 106 L mol-1. s-1) according to their reactivity with ozone, and identified the major degradation pathways for all 47 micropollutants. Micropolluants of the low- and medium-oxidizable groups were largely eliminated by the indirect pathway, at 96% and 84% on average, respectively. In contrast, micropollutants of high-oxidizable group were largely eliminated by the direct pathway, at 98% on average. The model successfully simulated the direct and indirect ozonation of the 47 micropollutants in batch experiments and confirmed the predominant pathways for each group. Finally, the model was applied to the full-scale ozonation process operated at an ozone dose ranging from 0.5 to 1.6 gO3. gDOC-1. The model was found to reliably simulate the ozonation-process removal efficiencies for 4 micropollutants (imidacloprid, fenofibric acid, metronidazole and ketoprofen).
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The effects of consuming a low-fat yogurt fortified with nano encapsulated vitamin D on serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in adults with metabolic syndrome; a randomized control trial.
Taghizadeh, N, Sharifan, P, Ekhteraee Toosi, MS, Najar Sedgh Doust, F, Darroudi, S, Afshari, A, Rezaie, M, Safarian, M, Vatanparast, H, Eslami, S, et al
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2021;(6):102332
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The current study aimed to assess the effect of fortified yogurt with nano-encapsulated vitamin D on serum pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB) in adults with or without metabolic syndrome. METHODS In a quadruple blind clinical trial study, 139 adults with an age range of 30-50 years were randomly selected to receive either 1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D fortified yogurt or placebo for ten weeks. Before and after the intervention period, blood sample was taken to determine the serum levels of vitamin D, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The laboratory tests were checked at baseline and at the end of the treatment. RESULTS Serum vitamin D increased significantly, from 14.47 ± 6.07 ng/mL to 21.39 ± 6.54 ng/mL (P < 0.001) after ten weeks in the intervention group. Serum hs-CRP and PAB were significantly lower following consumption period in intervention group [1.95(0.4-8.15) g/dL vs. 1.35(0.25-3.62) g/dL; P = 0.013] and (135.19 ± 42.4 HK vs. 115.39 ± 44.69) HK; P = 0.018] respectively. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding weight and BMI at the end of the intervention period (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Low-fat yogurt fortified with nano-encapsulated vitamin D was found to reduce serum PAB levels in adults with metabolic syndrome. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The findings of the present study indicated that a low-fat yogurt fortified with 1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D for ten weeks, leads to a significant reduction in serum hs-CRP and PAB concentrations highlighted the anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative effect of vitamin D.
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3.
Creatine and Nicotinamide Prevent Oxidant-Induced Senescence in Human Fibroblasts.
Mahajan, AS, Arikatla, VS, Thyagarajan, A, Zhelay, T, Sahu, RP, Kemp, MG, Spandau, DF, Travers, JB
Nutrients. 2021;(11)
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts provide structural support by producing collagen and other structural/support proteins beneath the epidermis. Fibroblasts also produce insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which binds to the IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1Rs) on keratinocytes to activate signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation and cellular responses to genotoxic stressors like ultraviolet B radiation. Our group has determined that the lack of IGF-1 expression due to fibroblast senescence in the dermis of geriatric individuals is correlated with an increased incidence of skin cancer. The present studies tested the hypothesis that pro-energetics creatine monohydrate (Cr) and nicotinamide (NAM) can protect normal dermal human fibroblasts (DHF) against experimentally induced senescence. To that end, we used an experimental model of senescence in which primary DHF are treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro, with senescence measured by staining for beta-galactosidase activity, p21 protein expression, and senescence associated secretory phenotype cytokine mRNA levels. We also determined the effect of H2O2 on IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression. Our studies indicate that pretreatment with Cr or NAM protects DHF from the H2O2-induced cell senescence. Treatment with pro-energetics post-H2O2 had no effect. Moreover, these agents also inhibited reactive oxygen species generation from H2O2 treatment. These studies suggest a potential strategy for protecting fibroblasts in geriatric skin from undergoing stress-induced senescence, which may maintain IGF-1 levels and therefore limit carcinogenesis in epidermal keratinocytes.
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4.
Chemopreventive effect of troxerutin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human leukocytes through modulation of glutathione-dependent enzymes.
Cavalcanti, BC, Neto, JBA, Silva, AAS, Barreto, FS, Ferreira, JRO, Magalhães, HIF, Silva, CRD, Vieira, ÍGP, Ricardo, NMPS, Nobre Júnior, HV, et al
Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. 2021;(4):137-151
Abstract
Troxerutin is a natural flavonoid present abundantly in tea, coffee, olives, wheat, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Due to its diverse pharmacological properties, this flavonoid has aroused interest for treatment of various diseases, and consequently prompted investigation into its toxicological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic effects and chemoprotective activity attributed to troxerutin using human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) through several well-established experimental protocols based upon different parameters. Data demonstrated that troxerutin (100 to 1000 µM) induced no marked cytotoxic effect on PBLs after 24 hr, and did not produce strand breaks and mutagenicity. Regarding chemoprevention, this flavonoid attenuated cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity initiated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human PBLs. Further, troxerutin demonstrated no marked cytotoxic effect on PBLs and exerted a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 through modulation of GSH-dependent enzymes.
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5.
Trace Element Levels and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Patients with Alcohol Abuse.
Saribal, D, Hocaoglu-Emre, FS, Karaman, F, Mırsal, H, Akyolcu, MC
Biological trace element research. 2020;(1):7-13
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a well-known cause of imbalance in trace element levels and oxidant/antioxidant status of individuals with long time consumption. However, the levels of these parameters in the patients on the early stages of alcohol dependence without liver damage differ on various studies. The aim of our study was to measure the levels of trace elements in the serum and oxidative/antioxidative system members in the red blood cells (RBC) of early-stage alcoholic individuals and compare with control subjects. Our study included 21 male patients recently hospitalized for alcohol abuse and 25 healthy non-abusing male controls. Levels of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the serum and MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH in the red blood cells (RBC) of the subjects were measured. Fe, Zn, and Cu levels were lower in the study group when compared to the controls. Levels of lipid peroxidation marker MDA was high, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT were decreased in our study group. However, levels of GSH, an antioxidant compound were higher in the alcohol abuse group. RBC SOD levels were positively correlated with Fe, Cu, Zn, and CAT. There was a positive correlation between Fe-Cu, Zn-Fe, Zn-Cu, CAT-Zn, and CAT-SOD. MDA was negatively correlated with Fe, Zn, SOD, and CAT. The results obtained from present study indicate that high levels of alcohol intake are related with increased oxidative damage and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and trace elements. Additionally, antioxidant compensation mechanisms are still on process in the early stages of chronic alcohol exposure.
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6.
In vitro bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide with different time of exposition and concentration on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to human enamel: A meta-analysis of in vitro studies.
Imani, MM, Azizi, F, Bahrami, K, Golshah, A, Safari-Faramani, R
International orthodontics. 2020;(1):22-31
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Controversy exists regarding the effect of bleaching on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. This study aims to do a review and meta-analysis on the effect of bleaching with hydrogen peroxide on SBS according to the interval between bleaching and bonding to human enamel and the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide. METHODS An electronic search of the literature was performed in Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane databases including CENTRAL and Cochrane library for relevant in vitro studies on the effect of bleaching with hydrogen peroxide on shear bond strength of human enamel, published until June 2018. Modified Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the individual studies. AMSTAR tool was used for assessing the quality of the study. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Regardless of the interval between bleaching and bonding, reduction in SBS was not statistically significant when the hydrogen peroxide of less than 35% is used. Bleaching with 35% hydrogen reduces SBS when the bonding is conducted immediately (P<0.0001) or the time interval was shorter than one day (P<0.0005). On the other hand, use of high dose hydrogen peroxide resulted in a statistically significant reduction in SBS irrespective of the time interval between the procedures (P<0.05 for all categories of time interval). CONCLUSION Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide decreases the SBS of brackets in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment especially if the time interval between bleaching and bonding procedures is short and a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide is used.
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7.
Bacterial Defense Systems against the Neutrophilic Oxidant Hypochlorous Acid.
Sultana, S, Foti, A, Dahl, JU
Infection and immunity. 2020;(7)
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Abstract
Neutrophils kill invading microbes and therefore represent the first line of defense of the innate immune response. Activated neutrophils assemble NADPH oxidase to convert substantial amounts of molecular oxygen into superoxide, which, after dismutation into peroxide, serves as the substrate for the generation of the potent antimicrobial hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in the phagosomal space. In this minireview, we explore the most recent insights into physiological consequences of HOCl stress. Not surprisingly, Gram-negative bacteria have evolved diverse posttranslational defense mechanisms to protect their proteins, the main targets of HOCl, from HOCl-mediated damage. We discuss the idea that oxidation of conserved cysteine residues and partial unfolding of its structure convert the heat shock protein Hsp33 into a highly active chaperone holdase that binds unfolded proteins and prevents their aggregation. We examine two novel members of the Escherichia coli chaperone holdase family, RidA and CnoX, whose thiol-independent activation mechanism differs from that of Hsp33 and requires N-chlorination of positively charged amino acids during HOCl exposure. Furthermore, we summarize the latest findings with respect to another bacterial defense strategy employed in response to HOCl stress, which involves the accumulation of the universally conserved biopolymer inorganic polyphosphate. We then discuss sophisticated adaptive strategies that bacteria have developed to enhance their survival during HOCl stress. Understanding bacterial defense and survival strategies against one of the most powerful neutrophilic oxidants may provide novel insights into treatment options that potentially compromise the ability of pathogens to resist HOCl stress and therefore may increase the efficacy of the innate immune response.
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The interaction of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants at the metabolic interface in salicylic acid-induced adventitious root formation in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek].
Kora, D, Bhattacharjee, S
Journal of plant physiology. 2020;:153152
Abstract
Implications of the role of antioxidant buffering in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidant interactions and associated redox regulation during adventitious root formation (ARF) were assessed in redox-manipulated salicylic acid (SA)-treated hypocotyl explants of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. Application of pro-oxidant H2O2 (500 μM) followed by SA (600 μM) was shown to stimulate ARF, whereas treatments combining 600 μM SA and 10 × 10-4 M DPI (diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase) and 600 μM and SA 10 × 10-4 M (dimethylthiourea, a free radical scavenger) were found to prevent ARF. The redox status of the experimental explants monitored under such treatment conditions (in terms of accumulation of pro-oxidants, in situ localization of O2- and H2O2, radical scavenging property and total thiol content) revealed significant changes in ROS-antioxidant interactions at the metabolic interface, causing alterations in the pattern of ARF. Further, the assessment of activities and transcript abundance of the enzymes of the H2O2 turnover pathway (mainly the ascorbate-glutathione system) supported the transcriptional regulation of genes such as vrrboh, vrAPX, vrGR, vrSOD, and vrCAT and the activities of the relevant enzymes necessary for the generation of endogenous redox cues during ARF. The present work provides an inventory in support of the importance of antioxidant buffering associated with redox regulation for the origin of the metabolic redox cue (redox signal) necessary for SA-induced ARF in mung bean.
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Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes' Health.
Nocella, C, Cammisotto, V, Pigozzi, F, Borrione, P, Fossati, C, D'Amico, A, Cangemi, R, Peruzzi, M, Gobbi, G, Ettorre, E, et al
Nutrients. 2019;(6)
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals' lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant-antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.
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Diminishing Inflammation by Reducing Oxidant Generation: Nitrated Fatty Acid-Mediated Inactivation of Xanthine Oxidoreductase.
Kelley, EE
Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2019;:59-65
Abstract
Inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has proven beneficial in a plethora of inflammatory disease processes due to a net reduction in pro-inflammatory oxidants and secondary nitrating species. Electrophilic nitrated fatty acid derivatives, such as nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) are also noted to display a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects via interaction with critical signaling pathways. An alternative process in which nitrated fatty acids may extend anti-inflammatory actions is via inactivation of XOR, a process that is more effective than allo/oxypurinol-mediated inhibition. Herein, we describe the molecular aspects of nitrated fatty acid-associated inactivation of XOR, identify specificity via structure function relationships and discuss XOR as a crucial component of the anti-inflammatory portfolio of nitrated fatty acids.