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1.
Research advances of MYB transcription factors in plant stress resistance and breeding.
Li, J, Han, G, Sun, C, Sui, N
Plant signaling & behavior. 2019;(8):1613131
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Abstract
Plants face various stresses during the growth and development processes. The specific transcription factors bind to the cis-acting elements upstream of the stress resistance genes, specifically regulating the expression of the gene in plants and increasing the adaptability of plants to environmental stress. The transcription factor-mediated gene expression regulatory networks play an important role in plant stress response pathways. MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor is one of the largest members of the transcription factor family in plants. It participates and has a great influence on all aspects of plant growth and development. It plays an important role in plant secondary metabolic regulation, hormone and environmental factor responses, cell differentiation, organ morphogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. This review mainly introduces the characteristics, structure, and classification of MYB transcription factors, as well as the abiotic stress resistance to drought, salt, temperature, and other functions in breeding, and provides a reference for the research and utilization of transcription factors in the future.
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2.
Azotobacters as biofertilizer.
Das, HK
Advances in applied microbiology. 2019;:1-43
Abstract
Azotobacters have been used as biofertilizer since more than a century. Azotobacters fix nitrogen aerobically, elaborate plant hormones, solubilize phosphates and also suppress phytopathogens or reduce their deleterious effect. Application of wild type Azotobacters results in better yield of cereals like corn, wheat, oat, barley, rice, pearl millet and sorghum, of oil seeds like mustard and sunflower, of vegetable crops like tomato, eggplant, carrot, chillies, onion, potato, beans and sugar beet, of fruits like mango and sugar cane, of fiber crops like jute and cotton and of tree like oak. In addition to the structural genes of the enzyme nitrogenase and of other accessory proteins, A. vinelandii chromosomes contain the regulatory genes nifL and nifA. NifA must bind upstream of the promoters of all nif operons for enabling their expression. NifL on activation by oxygen or ammonium, interacts with NifA and neutralizes it. Nitrogen fixation has been enhanced by deletion of nifL and by bringing nifA under the control of a constitutive promoter, resulting in a strain that continues to fix nitrogen in presence of urea fertilizer. Additional copies of nifH (the gene for the Fe-protein of nitrogenase) have been introduced into A. vinelandii, thereby augmenting nitrogen fixation. The urease gene complex ureABC has been deleted, the ammonia transport gene amtB has been disrupted and the expression of the glutamine synthase gene has been regulated to enhance urea and ammonia excretion. Gluconic acid has been produced by introducing the glucose dehydrogenase gene, resulting in enhanced solubilization of phosphate.
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3.
Refining the Primrose syndrome phenotype: A study of five patients with ZBTB20 de novo variants and a review of the literature.
Cleaver, R, Berg, J, Craft, E, Foster, A, Gibbons, RJ, Hobson, E, Lachlan, K, Naik, S, Sampson, JR, Sharif, S, et al
American journal of medical genetics. Part A. 2019;(3):344-349
Abstract
Primrose syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous missense variants within ZBTB20. Through an exome sequencing approach (as part of the Deciphering Developmental Disorders [DDD] study) we have identified five unrelated individuals with previously unreported, de novo ZBTB20 pathogenic missense variants. All five missense variants targeted the C2H2 zinc finger domains. This genotype-up approach has allowed further refinement of the Primrose syndrome phenotype. Major characteristics (>90% individuals) include an intellectual disability (most frequently in the moderate range), a recognizable facial appearance and brain MRI abnormalities, particularly abnormalities of the corpus callosum. Other frequent clinical associations (in 50-90% individuals) include sensorineural hearing loss (83%), hypotonia (78%), cryptorchidism in males (75%), macrocephaly (72%), behavioral issues (56%), and dysplastic/hypoplastic nails (57%). Based upon these clinical data we discuss our current management of patients with Primrose syndrome.
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4.
Activity of MCPIP1 RNase in tumor associated processes.
Miekus, K, Kotlinowski, J, Lichawska-Cieslar, A, Rys, J, Jura, J
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR. 2019;(1):421
Abstract
The monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein (MCPIP) family consists of 4 members (MCPIP1-4) encoded by the ZC3h12A-D genes, which are located at different loci. The common features of MCPIP proteins are the zinc finger domain, consisting of three cysteines and one histidine (CCCH), and the N-terminal domain of the PilT protein (PilT-N-terminal domain (PIN domain)). All family members act as endonucleases controlling the half-life of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA). The best-studied member of this family is MCPIP1 (also known as Regnase-1).In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the role of MCPIP1 in cancer-related processes. Because the characteristics of MCPIP1 as a fundamental negative regulator of immune processes have been comprehensively described in numerous studies, we focus on the function of MCPIP1 in modulating apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
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5.
Roles of potential plant hormones and transcription factors in controlling leaf senescence and drought tolerance.
Jan, S, Abbas, N, Ashraf, M, Ahmad, P
Protoplasma. 2019;(2):313-329
Abstract
Plant leaves offer an exclusive windowpane to uncover the changes in organs, tissues, and cells as they advance towards the process of senescence and death. Drought-induced leaf senescence is an intricate process with remarkably coordinated phases of onset, progression, and completion implicated in an extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Advancing leaf senescence remobilizes nutrients to younger leaves thereby contributing to plant fitness. However, numerous mysteries remain unraveled concerning leaf senescence. We are not still able to correlate leaf senescence and drought stress to endogenous and exogenous environments. Furthermore, we need to decipher how molecular mechanisms of the leaf senescence and levels of drought tolerance are advanced and how is the involvement of SAGs in drought tolerance and plant fitness. This review provides the perspicacity indispensable for facilitating our coordinated point of view pertaining to leaf senescence together with inferences on progression of whole plant aging. The main segments discussed in the review include coordination between hormonal signaling, leaf senescence, drought tolerance, and crosstalk between hormones in leaf senescence regulation.
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6.
The B-box bridge between light and hormones in plants.
Vaishak, KP, Yadukrishnan, P, Bakshi, S, Kushwaha, AK, Ramachandran, H, Job, N, Babu, D, Datta, S
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology. 2019;:164-174
Abstract
Plant development is meticulously modulated by interactions between the surrounding environment and the endogenous phytohormones. Light, as an external signal coordinates with the extensive networks of hormones inside the plant to execute its effects on growth and development. Several proteins in plants have been identified for their crucial roles in mediating light regulated development. Among these are the B-box (BBX) family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of zinc-finger B-box domain in their N-terminal region. In Arabidopsis there are 32 BBX proteins that are divided into five structural groups on the basis of the domains present. Several BBX proteins play important roles in seedling photomorphogenesis, neighbourhood detection and photoperiodic regulation of flowering. There is increasing evidence that besides light signaling BBX proteins also play integral roles in several hormone signaling pathways in plants. Here we attempt to comprehensively integrate the roles of multiple BBX proteins in various light and hormone signaling pathways. We further discuss the role of the BBX proteins in mediating crosstalk between the two signaling pathways to harmonize plant growth and development. Finally, we try to analyse the conservation of BBX genes across species and discuss the role of BBX proteins in regulating economically important traits in crop plants.
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7.
Zinc finger protein transcription factors: Integrated line of action for plant antimicrobial activity.
Noman, A, Aqeel, M, Khalid, N, Islam, W, Sanaullah, T, Anwar, M, Khan, S, Ye, W, Lou, Y
Microbial pathogenesis. 2019;:141-149
Abstract
The plants resist/tolerate unfavorable conditions in their natural habitats by using different but aligned and integrated defense mechanisms. Such defense responses include not only morphological and physiological adaptations but also the genomic and transcriptomic reconfiguration. Microbial attack on plants activates multiple pro-survival pathways such as transcriptional reprogramming, hypersensitive response (HR), antioxidant defense system and metabolic remodeling. Up-regulation of these processes during biotic stress conditions directly relates with plant survival. Over the years, hundreds of plant transcription factors (TFs) belonging to diverse families have been identified. Zinc finger protein (ZFP) TFs have crucial role in phytohormone response, plant growth and development, stress tolerance, transcriptional regulation, RNA binding and protein-protein interactions. Recent research progress has revealed regulatory and biological functions of ZFPs in incrementing plant resistance to pathogens. Integration of transcriptional activity with metabolic modulations has miniaturized plant innate immunity. However, the precise roles of different zinc finger TFs in plant immunity to pathogens have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review consolidates the pivotal functioning of zinc finger TFs and proposes the integrative understanding as foundation for the plant growth and development including the stress responses.
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8.
MYT1L mutation in a patient causes intellectual disability and early onset of obesity: a case report and review of the literature.
Al Tuwaijri, A, Alfadhel, M
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM. 2019;(4):409-413
Abstract
Background Obesity has become one of the greatest health risks worldwide. Recently, there was an explosion of information regarding the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in the development of monogenic and syndromic obesity. Case presentation Over the last decade, terminal and interstitial submicroscopic deletions of copy number variants (CNVs) in 2p25.3 and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in myelin transcription factor 1 like (MYT1L) were detected by genome-wide array analysis and whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients with a nonspecific clinical phenotype that commonly includes intellectual disability (ID), early onset of obesity and speech delay. Here, we report the first Saudi female patient with mild to moderate ID, early onset of obesity and speech delay associated with a de novo pathogenic SNV in the MYT1L gene (c. 1585G>A [Gly529Arg]), which causes an amino acid change from Gly to Arg at position 529 that leads to mental retardation, autosomal dominant 39.
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9.
Targeting ZBP-89 for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Wang, N, Wang, S, Yang, SL, Liu, LP, Li, MY, Lai, PBS, Chen, GG
Expert opinion on therapeutic targets. 2018;(10):817-822
Abstract
Zinc-binding protein-89 (ZBP-89) is a Krüppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates target gene expression profiles via directly binding to GC-rich gene promoters, recruiting chromatin modifiers or by interacting with other proteins. The importance of ZBP-89 in the regulation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis has led to increased interest and investigations for its role in cancer development. Areas covered: We describe ZBP-89 as a candidate therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from several perspectives. ZBP-89 can upregulate apoptosis in HCC in a p53-dependent or - independent manner. In addition, the negative regulation of ZBP-89 on liver cancer stemness sheds light on its possible effect on sensitizing HCC to chemotherapies and the reduction of HCC relapse. The prognostic significance of ZBP-89 in HCC patients further suggests its clinical importance as a potential tumor suppressor. Expert opinion: Given the roles of ZBP-89 in HCC, we believe, ZBP-89 is a promising therapeutic target for enhancing apoptosis and diminishing the liver cancer stemness. At the same time, we also face a series of challenges, especially in the clinical implication of ZBP-89. Resolving the current controversies will advance the development of ZBP-89 for anti-HCC therapy.
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10.
Epithelial mesenchymal transition Transcription Factor (TF): The structure, function and microRNA feedback loop.
Alidadiani, N, Ghaderi, S, Dilaver, N, Bakhshamin, S, Bayat, M
Gene. 2018;:115-120
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon in which epithelial cells lose their cell to cell adhesion and detach from the base of the membrane. EMT is a fundamental process which occurs during tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer genomics is a complex network which involves a variety of factors such as transcription factors (TFs), coding genes and microRNAs (miRs). Both TFs and miRs are trans-regulatory elements that crosstalk. Due to a wide range of targets, TF-miR interaction provides a feedback or feedforward loop and cross-gene regulation consequently. In this review, we focused on the structure and function of two TF families involved in EMT, zinc finger and β helix loop helix and p53. Subsequently we analyzed recent findings on TF-miR interaction in EMT.