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1.
Update on diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism: ultrasonography and functional imaging.
Schenke, SA, Görges, R, Seifert, P, Zimny, M, Kreissl, MC
The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of.... 2021;(2):102-112
Abstract
Ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging using [99mTc]Pertechnetate or radioactive iodine isotopes are essential tools used during the diagnostic workup of hyperthyroidism with or without structural alterations of the thyroid. Color duplex sonography and ultrasound elastography may add important information to find the cause of the hormone excess. During the last few years, hybrid imaging using SPECT/-(CT) or PET-based methods, such as [124]Iodine-PET/CT or [124]Iodine-PET/ultrasound have been increasingly used, playing a role in the context of localizing ectopic thyroid tissue or in multinodular goiter. Recently, promising data has been published on the use of [99mTc]MIBI imaging in amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism.
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2.
[Potential of ultrasound in allogeneic stem cell transplantation and transplant-related complications].
Trenker, C, Dietrich, CF, Klein, S, Safai Zadeh, E, Sohlbach, K, Neubauer, A, Burchert, A, Görg, C
Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie. 2021;(4):336-344
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a complex therapeutic procedure causing significant morbidity and mortality, including the gastrointestinal tract. Early diagnosis and treatment of HCT-associated complications are, therefore, of utmost importance to improve overall HCT outcome. Sonography can be a powerful diagnostic tool and is easily accessible at the bedside of HCT patients. In the hands of a sonography-experienced physician, it allows for instant diagnosis and can also rule out several important transplant-associated complications. Here we review available evidence on the diagnostic and clinical value of ultrasound prior, during and after HCT.
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3.
A Review of the Role of the S-Detect Computer-Aided Diagnostic Ultrasound System in the Evaluation of Benign and Malignant Breast and Thyroid Masses.
Zhang, D, Jiang, F, Yin, R, Wu, GG, Wei, Q, Cui, XW, Zeng, SE, Ni, XJ, Dietrich, CF
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2021;:e931957
Abstract
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have attracted extensive attention owing to their performance in the field of image diagnosis and are rapidly becoming a promising auxiliary tool in medical imaging tasks. These systems can quantitatively evaluate complex medical imaging features and achieve efficient and high-diagnostic accuracy. Deep learning is a representation learning method. As a major branch of artificial intelligence technology, it can directly process original image data by simulating the structure of the human brain neural network, thus independently completing the task of image recognition. S-Detect is a novel and interactive CAD system based on a deep learning algorithm, which has been integrated into ultrasound equipment and can help radiologists identify benign and malignant nodules, reduce physician workload, and optimize the ultrasound clinical workflow. S-Detect is becoming one of the most commonly used CAD systems for ultrasound evaluation of breast and thyroid nodules. In this review, we describe the S-Detect workflow and outline its application in breast and thyroid nodule detection. Finally, we discuss the difficulties and challenges faced by S-Detect as a precision medical tool in clinical practice and its prospects.
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4.
The Validity of Ultrasound Technology in Providing an Indirect Estimate of Muscle Glycogen Concentrations Is Equivocal.
Bone, JL, Ross, ML, Tomcik, KA, Jeacocke, NA, McKay, AKA, Burke, LM
Nutrients. 2021;(7)
Abstract
Researchers and practitioners in sports nutrition would greatly benefit from a rapid, portable, and non-invasive technique to measure muscle glycogen, both in the laboratory and field. This explains the interest in MuscleSound®, the first commercial system to use high-frequency ultrasound technology and image analysis from patented cloud-based software to estimate muscle glycogen content from the echogenicity of the ultrasound image. This technique is based largely on muscle water content, which is presumed to act as a proxy for glycogen. Despite the promise of early validation studies, newer studies from independent groups reported discrepant results, with MuscleSound® scores failing to correlate with the glycogen content of biopsy-derived mixed muscle samples or to show the expected changes in muscle glycogen associated with various diet and exercise strategies. The explanation of issues related to the site of assessment do not account for these discrepancies, and there are substantial problems with the premise that the ratio of glycogen to water in the muscle is constant. Although further studies investigating this technique are warranted, current evidence that MuscleSound® technology can provide valid and actionable information around muscle glycogen stores is at best equivocal.
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5.
Role of conventional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder polypoid lesions.
Okaniwa, S
Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001). 2021;(2):149-157
Abstract
The major role of conventional ultrasonography (US) can be divided into three processes: cancer screening, differential diagnosis, and assessment of the depth of tumor invasion. As US is a simple and minimally invasive modality, it is widely used for cancer screening and health checkups. Both gallbladder (GB) polyps and thickened wall of the GB are common US findings. On the contrary, US is prone to interference from gas echoes, and its diagnostic accuracy depends on both the US technology and the ability of sonographers. It is also important to be well acquainted with characteristic artifacts and how to manage their influence. Furthermore, magnified images acquired using high-resolution US (HRUS) are strongly helpful to pick up small lesions. As for differential diagnosis, classification of GB polypoid lesions (GPLs) into pedunculated or sessile (broad-based) types is very important. Cholesterol polyps in pedunculated lesions and localized adenomyomatosis (ADM) in sessile lesions are the most important targets to be differentiated. Furthermore, significant findings including number, size, growth rate, shape, internal echo, surface contour, and internal structure should be evaluated and judged as a whole. Usually, US delineates the GB wall as a two- or three-layer structure. However, as the inner hypoechoic layer includes not only the mucosa and muscularis propria but also the fibrous layer of subserosa, the differentiation between T1 (confined to the mucosa or muscularis propria) and T2 (invading the subserosa) based on the layer structure is difficult. Shape, size, and internal echo structure may be helpful for further assessment.
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6.
Ultrasound to guide the individual medical decision by evaluating the gastric contents and risk of aspiration: A literature review.
Zhang, G, Huang, X, Shui, Y, Luo, C, Zhang, L
Asian journal of surgery. 2020;(12):1142-1148
Abstract
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is one of the most terrible complications following general anesthesia. It is important for patients to prevent this complication by obeying the preoperative fasting protocol strictly. At present, it has been reported by many studies that bedside ultrasound, as a non-invasive and convenient method, could be used to evaluate gastric contents qualitatively and quantitatively. With the advantages of reliability, accuracy and repeatability, it can greatly reduce the risk of aspiration and ensure patients' life security. But most of the data were acquired from the healthy volunteers. For the gastrointestinal disorder, the pregnant women, obesity, children, the elderly and diabetes patients, the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound to predict the risk of aspiration remains to be identified by more further studies. For these patients with increasing risk of aspiration, I-AIM (Indication, Acquisition, Interpretation, Medical decision-making) framework plays an important role in ensuring the safety of patients. It is crucial to make appropriate clinical decisions by evaluating the gastric contents with ultrasound.
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7.
Intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in children: review with procedural recommendations and clinical applications from the European Society of Paediatric Radiology abdominal imaging task force.
Ključevšek, D, Riccabona, M, Ording Müller, LS, Woźniak, MM, Franchi-Abella, S, Darge, K, Mentzel, HJ, Ntoulia, A, Avni, FE, Napolitano, M, et al
Pediatric radiology. 2020;(4):596-606
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) has become an important supplementary tool in many clinical applications in children. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography and intravenous US contrast agents have proved useful in routine clinical practice. Other applications of intracavitary contrast-enhanced US, particularly in children, have not been widely investigated but could serve as a practical and radiation-free problem-solver in several clinical settings. Intracavitary contrast-enhanced US is a real-time imaging modality similar to fluoroscopy with iodinated contrast agent. The US contrast agent solution is administered into physiological or non-physiological body cavities. There is no definitive list of established indications for intracavitary US contrast agent application. However, intracavitary contrast-enhanced US can be used for many clinical applications. It offers excellent real-time spatial resolution and allows for a more accurate delineation of the cavity anatomy, including the internal architecture of complex collections and possible communications within the cavity or with the surrounding structures through fistulous tracts. It can provide valuable information related to the insertion of catheters and tubes, and identify related complications such as confirming the position and patency of a catheter and identifying causes for drainage dysfunction or leakage. Patency of the ureter and biliary ducts can be evaluated, too. US contrast agent solution can be administered orally or a via nasogastric tube, or as an enema to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract. In this review we present potential clinical applications and procedural and dose recommendations regarding intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.
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8.
Progresses in the imaging of calcium pyrophosphate crystal disease.
Andrés, M, Sivera, F, Pascual, E
Current opinion in rheumatology. 2020;(2):140-145
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Calcium pyrophosphate crystal disease (CPPD) may be considered a neglected disorder, common in clinics and wards, but not receiving enough attention since the time it was recognized as a disease entity. This review aims to highlight the advances occurred in recent years in terms of imaging of CPPD, and their potential aid in diagnosing CPPD. RECENT FINDINGS The main advances in CPPD imaging have occurred with ultrasound and computed tomography. Ultrasound has been shown as more sensitive than conventional radiography in detecting chondrocalcinosis. OMERACT definitions of ultrasound signs of CPPD have been provided; validations process is still ongoing. Computed tomography has been used to assess CPPD at the spine. Some studies suggest that dual-energy scans could accurately detect chondrocalcinosis and discriminate from other calcified structures. SUMMARY Ultrasound and computed tomography may have a role in CPPD detection, though the specifics are still unclear. It remains necessary to have studies comparing them with synovial fluid analysis for crystals in a clinical scenario.
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9.
Does lymph node morphology using ultrasound reflect aetiology? A pictorial essay, part I.
Trenker, C, Görg, C, Hollerweger, A, Jenssen, C, Dong, Y, Cui, XW, Dietrich, CF
Medical ultrasonography. 2020;(3):2634
Abstract
The evaluation of lymph nodes (LNs) using ultrasound requires a high level of clinical and sonographic competence. This "pictorial essay" is intended to illustrate eye-catching examples of relevant "clinical-sonographic visual diagnoses" of LNs. We provide typical images and take-home messages of eye-catching features to illustrate the featured publications.The first part includes "important differential diagnoses of eye-catching features of suspected lymphadenopathy" and "benign lymphadenopathy". The second part will include "Eye-catching features of malignant lymphadenopathy, both carcinoma and lymphoma".
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10.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Musculoskeletal Applications: A World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Position Paper.
Fischer, C, Krix, M, Weber, MA, Loizides, A, Gruber, H, Jung, EM, Klauser, A, Radzina, M, Dietrich, CF
Ultrasound in medicine & biology. 2020;(6):1279-1295
Abstract
This World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology position paper reviews the diagnostic potential of ultrasound contrast agents for clinical decision-making and provides general advice for optimal contrast-enhanced ultrasound performance in musculoskeletal issues. In this domain, contrast-enhanced ultrasound performance has increasingly been investigated with promising results, but still lacks everyday clinical application and standardized techniques; therefore, experts summarized current knowledge according to published evidence and best personal experience. The goal was to intensify and standardize the use and administration of ultrasound contrast agents to facilitate correct diagnoses and ultimately to improve the management and outcomes of patients.