0
selected
-
1.
A narrative review on effects of vitamin D on main risk factors and severity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Sangouni, AA, Ghavamzadeh, S, Jamalzehi, A
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(3):2260-2265
Abstract
The global prevalence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing rapidly. Many studies have been conducted on the treatment of NAFLD; nevertheless, there is still no approved drug treatment for this disease. Although the pathogenesis of NAFLD is not fully understood, but inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, obesity and dyslipidemia are among the main causes. Epidemiological studies have shown that hypovitaminosis D is associated with these factors causing NAFLD. In addition, rate of Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be directly related to the severity of NAFLD. Accordingly, it is believed that vitamin D may help to treatment of NAFLD by improving the above-mentioned risk factors. The purpose of this review is to survey the recent advances in the field of Vitamin D efficacy on risk factors and the severity of NAFLD based on existing evidence, especially the clinical efficiency of vitamin D supplementation in patients with NAFLD.
-
2.
Surgical Considerations in Managing Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, and Vitamin D Deficiency During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.
Entezari, V, Lazarus, M
The Orthopedic clinics of North America. 2019;(2):233-243
Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common in older adults and are associated with increased risk of fragility fractures. Vitamin D deficiency caused by chronic disease, poor nutrition, and inadequate sun exposure affects bone quality. Chronic rotator cuff tears can deteriorate the bone mineral density of the greater tuberosity and have been linked to reduced anchor pullout strength and high re-tear rate after repair especially in older patients with larger tear size. This article summarizes the current evidence on rotator cuff tear and bone quality and provides treatment strategies for rotator cuff repair in patients with poor bone quality.
-
3.
The Impact of Obesity on the Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Disease.
Paschou, SA, Kosmopoulos, M, Nikas, IP, Spartalis, M, Kassi, E, Goulis, DG, Lambrinoudaki, I, Siasos, G
Nutrients. 2019;(10)
Abstract
The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its modification in the presence of obesity. Despite the strong association between vitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes, vitamin D supplementation trials in the general population have failed to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. A comprehensive study of the published literature and a comparison with experimental data lead to the conclusion that obesity, due to its high prevalence and strong association with both vitamin D deficiency and CVD, may act as a critical confounder, which is responsible for the different results on this association. Adoption of a vitamin D preventive supplementation strategy for CVD is unlikely to yield any benefit to the general population. However, it might be particularly useful in obese adults with increased risk for CVD.
-
4.
Molecular basis of vitamin D action in neurodegeneration: the story of a team perspective.
Gezen-Ak, D, Dursun, E
Hormones (Athens, Greece). 2019;(1):17-21
Abstract
Vitamin D, a secosteroid hormone, has, over the years, mainly been known for its classic role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis of the human body. However, there is increasing understanding that vitamin D contributes to the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, especially via voltage-gated calcium channels, in another major organ that uses calcium, the brain. Almost 30 years ago, the role of dysregulation in the aging brain and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) gave rise to the Ca2+ hypothesis of brain aging and dementia. We thus made calcium homeostasis the starting point of our studies, proposing the notion that the consequences of long-term deficiency and/or inefficient utilization of vitamin D may cause the disruption of calcium homeostasis in neurons, this creating a vulnerability of neurons to aging and neurodegeneration. In this mini-review, we aim to describe the potential of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) as a neurosteroid based on our findings and conclusions.
-
5.
New Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Bullous Pemphigoid: 2019 Update.
Genovese, G, Di Zenzo, G, Cozzani, E, Berti, E, Cugno, M, Marzano, AV
Frontiers in immunology. 2019;:1506
Abstract
There are several lines of evidence indicating that the physiopathological bases of bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease, are hallmarked by the production of autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal anchoring proteins BP180 and BP230. In contrast to the robustness of the latter assumption, the multifaceted complexity of upstream and downstream mechanisms implied in the pathogenesis of BP remains an area of intense speculation. So far, an imbalance between T regulatory cells and autoreactive T helper (Th) cells has been regarded as the main pathogenic factor triggering the autoimmune response in BP patients. However, the contributory role of signaling pathways fostering the B cell stimulation, such as Toll-like receptor activation, as well as that of ancillary inflammatory mechanisms responsible for blister formation, such as Th17 axis stimulation and the activation of the coagulation cascade, are still a matter of debate. In the same way, the pathomechanisms implied in the loss of dermal-epidermal adhesion secondary to autoantibodies binding are not fully understood. Herein, we review in detail the current concepts and controversies on the complex pathogenesis of BP, shedding light on the most recent theories emerging from the literature.
-
6.
Valproate decreases vitamin D levels in pediatric patients with epilepsy.
Xu, Z, Jing, X, Li, G, Sun, J, Guo, H, Hu, Y, Sun, F, Wen, X, Chen, F, Wang, T, et al
Seizure. 2019;:60-65
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare Vitamin D (Vit D) levels in children with epilepsy on valproate monotherapy with healthy controls. METHODS A meta-analysis performed on articles identified from PubMed and Web of Science online databases evaluated using National Institute of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Quality Assessment Tools. Subgroup analyses and publication bias assessments were also performed. RESULTS Eleven publications were eligible based on inclusion/exclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Results noted a decrease in the mean Vit D level in children with epilepsy on valproate monotherapy compared with healthy children with a Standard Mean Difference = -0.313 [-0.457, -0.169]. Cumulative meta-analysis showed progressive negative effect of valproate therapy on Vit D levels across time. Other antiepileptic medications caused a similar effect on Vit D status. There was no evidence of publication bias in the analyses. Type of study design and country of origin introduced heterogeneities into the meta-analyses. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that long-term therapy with valproate causes a decrease in Vit D levels in children. Therefore, in children with a seizure disorder on long-term valproate therapy, 25-OH-Vit D levels should be monitored and appropriate supplementation implemented if levels are deficient.
-
7.
Study of relationship between total vitamin D level and NAFLD in a sample of Egyptian patients with and without T2DM.
Hosny, SS, Ali, HM, Mohammed, WA, El Ghannam, MH
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2019;(3):1769-1771
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing recently due to increasing the prevalence of obesity. Insulin resistance (IR) is the mutual pathological cause for both T2DM and NAFLD. Vitamin D acts against IR by its anti-inflammatory and regulation of insulin secretion as pancreatic beta cells express vitamin D receptor (VDR). AIM: Assessment of relationship between Total vitamin D level and NAFLD a sample of Egyptian patients with and without T2DM. METHODS The current study included 110 Egyptian subjects. They divided into 4 groups: Group 1: 30 diabetic patients with NAFLD Group 2: 30 diabetic patients without NAFLD Group 3: 30 NAFLD patients without diabetes Group 4: 20 healthy controls. Vitamin D level assessment, AST, ALT, GGT, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, fasting and 2 h post prandial plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, albumin and creatinine calculation of FLI were assessed. RESULT There was a statistical significant decrease in total vitamin D level in T2DM patients with NAFLD than either T2DM or NAFLD only patients.(15.5 ± 7.46 vs 24.4 ± 8.19 and 22.86 ± 9.58 ng/ml respectively) also Total vitamin D level is negatively correlated with age, weight, BMI, WC, total cholesterol, LDL, TG, FPG, HbA1c and FLI. CONCLUSION There is a decrease in total vitamin D in T2DM patients with NAFLD.
-
8.
A Review of the Potential Benefits of Increasing Vitamin D Status in Mongolian Adults through Food Fortification and Vitamin D Supplementation.
Grant, WB, Boucher, BJ
Nutrients. 2019;(10)
Abstract
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are low in Mongolia, averaging 22 ng/mL in summer and only 8 ng/mL in winter. Mongolians have high incidence and/or prevalence of several diseases linked to low 25(OH)D concentrations, including ischemic heart disease, malignant neoplasms, cirrhosis of the liver, ischemic stroke, lower respiratory tract infections, preterm birth complications, and diabetes mellitus. Fortifying regularly consumed foods such as flour, milk, and edible oils with vitamin D3 could raise 25(OH)D concentrations by about 10 ng/mL. However, to achieve 25(OH)D concentrations of 30-40 ng/mL in adults, vitamin D intakes of 1000 to 4000 IU/day would be required, making personal supplement use necessary. On the basis of prospective observational studies and clinical trials of disease incidence or known mortality rates and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, raising mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations to 40 ng/mL would likely reduce incidence and mortality rates for those and other diseases, reduce the rate of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, and increase mean life expectancy by one year or more.
-
9.
Surgical Considerations for Vitamin D Deficiency in Foot and Ankle Surgery.
DeFontes, K, Smith, JT
The Orthopedic clinics of North America. 2019;(2):259-267
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency affects nearly one-sixth of the world's population and is common in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Vitamin D is critical for calcium homeostasis and plays an important role in the maintenance of bone health. Patients undergoing foot and ankle procedures can be evaluated preoperatively with vitamin D level testing, and deficiencies can be addressed with either preoperative or postoperative supplementation. Current data suggest that patients with adequate vitamin D levels may have better outcomes, but the details are not yet clear. Vitamin D supplementation is well tolerated with rare side effects.
-
10.
The association between vitamin D status and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in infancy and childhood.
Zisi, D, Challa, A, Makis, A
Hormones (Athens, Greece). 2019;(4):353-363
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major cause of illness worldwide and the most common cause of hospitalization for pneumonia and bronchiolitis. These two diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. Vitamin D is believed to have immunomodulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immune systems by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides, like cathelicidin, in response to both viral and bacterial stimuli. The aim of this review is to summarize the more recently published data with regard to potential associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with infectious respiratory tract diseases of childhood and the possible health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. METHODS The literature search was conducted by using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, with the following keywords: vitamin D, respiratory tract infection, tuberculosis, influenza, infancy, and childhood. RESULTS Several studies have identified links between inadequate 25(OH)D concentrations and the development of upper or lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Some of them also suggest that intervention with vitamin D supplements could decrease both child morbidity and mortality from such causes. CONCLUSIONS Most studies agree in that decreased vitamin D concentrations are prevalent among most infants and children with RTIs. Also, normal to high-serum 25(OH)D appears to have some beneficial influence on the incidence and severity of some, but not all, types of these infections. However, studies with vitamin D supplementation revealed conflicting results as to whether supplementation may be of benefit, and at what doses.