-
1.
Comparison of the effects of sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis on blood pressure in normotensive individuals and patients with controlled hypertension: a controlled clinical trial.
Ferreira, CL, De Marco, AC, Lazzari, TR, Amorim, JBO, Santamaria, MP, Jardini, MAN
General dentistry. 2017;(4):19-23
Abstract
This study assessed the blood pressure (BP) of normotensive subjects and subjects with pharmacologically controlled hypertension after sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis. Forty subjects were divided into 2 groups: a normotensive control group (n = 20) and a hypertensive group (n = 20). Blood pressure measurements were conducted at 4 timepoints: prior to the dental prophylaxis (T0), immediately after treatment (Ti), 15 minutes after treatment (T15), and 30 minutes after treatment (T30). The systolic BP (SBP) values for both groups were significantly increased at Ti (P < 0.05) and returned to their initial state at T15. Both groups also showed a significant increase in diastolic BP (DBP) values at Ti (P < 0.05); however, the basal conditions in hypertensive subjects were not restored until T30, whereas the values for normotensive subjects were restored at T15. The results indicated that systemic BP changed significantly after sodium bicarbonate jet prophylaxis in both study groups; while initial SBP values were restored by 15 minutes in both groups, the return to initial DBP values took longer in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group.
-
2.
Effect of environmental exposure to cigarette smoke on blood pressure in 24‑hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with essential hypertension.
Gać, P, Poręba, R, Poręba, M, Mazur, G, Sobieszczańska, M
Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej. 2014;(9):436-42
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A relationship between environmental exposure to cigarette smoke and blood pressure has not been well‑established. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure to cigarette smoke on blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved 39 nonsmoking patients with essential hypertension treated with hypotensive agents and environmentally exposed to cigarette smoke (group 1) and 39 nonsmoking patients with essential hypertension treated with hypotensive agents and not exposed to cigarette smoke (group 2). The following variables of 24‑hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were measured: systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) during 24‑hour ABPM, and, separately, for the period of daily activity and night rest. RESULTS In group 1, the mean values of 24‑hour SBP, DBP, MAP, and PP, daytime SBP, DBP, MAP, and PP, and nighttime SBP, MAP, and PP were significantly higher than those in group 2. Statistically significant positive linear correlations were demonstrated between the mean time of daily exposure (expressed in hours) to cigarette smoke and 24‑hour MAP and PP (r = 0.52 and r = 0.48, respectively, P <0.05). Advanced age, higher low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose concentrations, and environmental exposure to cigarette smoke were independent factors of elevated 24‑hour PP in the study group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with essential hypertension, environmental exposure to cigarette smoke may result in elevated BP values in 24‑hour ABPM.
-
3.
Effects of a contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinylestradiol on blood pressure, metabolic profile and neurohumoral axis in hypertensive women at reproductive age.
de Morais, TL, Giribela, C, Nisenbaum, MG, Guerra, G, Mello, N, Baracat, E, Consolim-Colombo, FM
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2014;:113-7
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of combined oral contraceptives is widespread among hypertensive women despite being associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Contraceptives containing drospirenone, which has antimineralocorticoid properties, may have a positive or neutral effect on neurohumoral activation and metabolic homeostasis of hypertensive women at reproductive age. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone+ethinylestradiol on the systemic blood pressure, metabolic variables and neurohumoral axis in hypertensive women in reproductive age. DESIGN Prospective controlled trial with 56 hypertensive women allocated in two groups: 30 volunteers under oral combined contraceptive use and 26 volunteers using non-hormonal contraceptive methods. Subjects were tested before the introduction of the contraceptive method and 6 months after its use. For data acquisition, we used continuous non-invasive beat-to-beat blood pressure curve recordings and, for the biochemical and hormonal analyses two blood samples were obtained. Student's t test was used to determine differences between groups and moments and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Comparing antropometric and blood pressure measurements, cardiac sympatho-vagal modulation, baroreceptor sensitivity, metabolic and neurohumoral axis variables between baseline and after 6 months, no significant difference was detected in each group or between groups. Except serum triglyceride levels which increased in the group of women using EE+DRSP after 6 months of use. CONCLUSION A contraceptive containing 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone causes no significant changes in clinical and autonomic parameters, metabolic variables and neurohumoral axis of hypertensive women.
-
4.
[The effect of coffee on blood pressure at healthy subjects].
Bielesz, K, Strzelczyk, W, Poniewaz, M, Sokołowski, F, Welsyng, D, Rucińska, M, Nawrocki, S
Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 2013;(207):133-5
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coffee is one of the most popular beverages. Its stimulatory effects comes from the natural alkaloid- caffeine. Caffeine is the antagonist of the adenosine receptors A1 and A2. Caffeine acts chronotropic positive and increases heart action; inotropic positive and increases cardiac contraction; tronotropic positive and increases hearts muscular ton, brain's vascular stenosis, vasodilatation of coronal vessels, renal vessels, muscular vessels and skin vessels. The aim of the study was determination of coffee effect on blood pressure in healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS 17 healthy subjects (age 22-44 years; median 22 years) was included. There were two experiments. Experiment 1: examined persons drank instant coffee with or without caffeine. Experiment 2: examined persons drank natural coffee with or without caffeine. The blood pressure and pulse were examined before coffee drinking and 15 and 30 minutes after (in experiment 1) and only 30 minutes after (in experiment 2). RESULTS The blood pressure was increased on 10 mmHg or more in 9-40% of examined subjects in all groups, but there were no significant difference between groups. The pulse increased (10 or more per minute) was observed only in one person and decrease was observed in three who drank natural coffee with caffeine. CONCLUSIONS In healthy subjects the blood pressure does not increased significantly after caffeine consumption. The consumption of caffeine in large doses may be harmful to some hypertensive or hypertension-prone subjects.
-
5.
Effects of Allium sativum (garlic) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
Ashraf, R, Khan, RA, Ashraf, I, Qureshi, AA
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2013;(5):859-63
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Patients (n=210) with stage 1 essential hypertension were divided into 7 groups named as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Each group comprised of 30 patients. Each patient in group A, B, C, D and E has received garlic tablets at the dose of 300/mg. 600/mg, 900/mg, 1200/mg and 1500/mg in divided doses per day respectively for 24 weeks while Group F & group G were given tablet atenolol and placebo respectively. Blood pressure readings were recorded at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Present study showed significant decrease in both Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure in both dose and duration dependent manner. In each garlic treated group, significant reduction in SBP and DBP (p<0.005) were observed when compared with atenolol (P<0.005) and placebo.
-
6.
Oxidative stress contributes to the augmented exercise pressor reflex in peripheral arterial disease patients.
Muller, MD, Drew, RC, Blaha, CA, Mast, JL, Cui, J, Reed, AB, Sinoway, LI
The Journal of physiology. 2012;(23):6237-46
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses to dynamic exercise predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear and no attempt has been made to attenuate this response using antioxidants. Three physiological studies were conducted in patients with PAD and controls. In Protocol 1, subjects underwent 4 min of low-intensity (0.5-2.0 kg), rhythmic plantar flexion in the supine posture. In Protocol 2, patients with PAD received high-dose ascorbic acid intravenously before exercise. In Protocol 3, involuntary exercise was conducted via electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve. The primary outcome measure was Δ mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the first 20 s of exercise (i.e. the onset of sympathoexcitation by muscle afferents). Compared to controls, patients with PAD had significantly greater ΔMAP during plantar flexion, particularly at 0.5 kg with the most affected leg (11 ± 2 vs. 2 ± 1 mmHg) as well as the least affected leg (7 ± 1 vs. 1 ± 1 mmHg). This augmented response occurred before the onset of claudication pain and was attenuated by ∼50% with ascorbic acid. Electrically evoked exercise also elicited larger haemodynamic changes in patients with PAD compared to controls. Further, the ΔMAP during 0.5 kg plantar flexion inversely correlated with the ankle-brachial index, indicating that patients with more severe resting limb ischaemia have a larger BP response to exercise. The BP response to low-intensity exercise was enhanced in PAD. Chronic limb ischaemia may sensitize muscle afferents and potentiate the BP response to muscle contraction in a dose-dependent manner.
-
7.
Does the DASH diet lower blood pressure by altering peripheral vascular function?
Hodson, L, Harnden, KE, Roberts, R, Dennis, AL, Frayn, KN
Journal of human hypertension. 2010;(5):312-9
Abstract
We tested whether lowering of blood pressure (BP) on the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet was associated with changes in peripheral vascular function: endothelial function, assessed by flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF). We also assessed effects on heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic control of the heart. We allocated 27 men and women to DASH diet and control groups. We measured FMD, ATBF and HRV on fasting and after ingestion of 75 g glucose, before and after 30 days on dietary intervention, aiming for weight maintenance. The control group did not change their diet. The DASH-diet group complied with the diet as shown by significant reductions in systolic (P<0.001) and diastolic (P=0.005) BP, and in plasma C-reactive protein (P<0.01), LDL-cholesterol (P<0.01) and apolipoprotein B (P=0.001), a novel finding. Body weight changed by <1 kg. There were no changes in the control group. We found no changes in FMD, or in ATBF, in the DASH-diet group, although heart rate fell (P<0.05). Glucose and insulin concentrations did not change. In this small-scale study, the DASH diet lowered BP independently of peripheral mechanisms.
-
8.
Effect of maternal calcium supplementation on offspring blood pressure in 5- to 10-y-old rural Gambian children.
Hawkesworth, S, Sawo, Y, Fulford, AJ, Goldberg, GR, Jarjou, LM, Prentice, A, Moore, SE
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2010;(4):741-7
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that increased maternal calcium intake during pregnancy may result in lower offspring blood pressure, prompting calls for more robust data in this field, particularly in settings of habitually low calcium intake. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the effect of maternal calcium supplementation on blood pressure in offspring by recruiting children born after a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation during pregnancy. DESIGN Children (n = 389) from a rural area of The Gambia (mean age: 7.4 ± 1.2 y; range: 5-10 y), whose mothers received a calcium supplement (1500 mg Ca/d from 20 wk of gestation until delivery) or placebo, were followed up in West Africa. Blood pressure was assessed under standardized conditions with use of the Omron 705IT automated oscillometric device (Morton Medical Ltd, London, United Kingdom), and anthropometric and body composition (bioelectrical impedance) measurements were also made. RESULTS The analysis was restricted to 350 children born at term, which represented 64% of original trial births. There was no difference in systolic (adjusted mean difference: -0.04 mm Hg; 95% CI: -1.78, 1.69 mm Hg) or diastolic (adjusted mean difference: 0.25 mm Hg; 95% CI: -1.27, 1.77 mm Hg) blood pressure between children whose mothers had received calcium and those who received placebo. No interaction between childhood body mass index (in kg/m(2); mean: 14.0) and maternal calcium supplementation was observed in this study. CONCLUSION Calcium supplementation in the second half of pregnancy in Gambian women with very low habitual calcium intakes may not result in lower offspring blood pressure at 5-10 y of age.
-
9.
Decrease in blood pressure, body mass index and glycemia after aerobic training in elderly women with type 2 diabetes.
Monteiro, LZ, Fiani, CR, Freitas, MC, Zanetti, ML, Foss, MC
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2010;(5):563-70
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging process is associated with the development of several diseases, which can be attenuated by the practice of physical activities. Aerobic training is an effective method to maintain and improve cardiovascular function. Additionally, it has a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of several chronic-degenerative diseases, especially diabetes mellitus. } OBJECTIVE To verify the effect of a 13-week aerobic training program on blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI) and glycemia levels in elderly women with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). METHODS Eleven sedentary elderly women with DM2, aged 61.0 ± 9.1 years, were submitted a 13-week aerobic training program, constituting group G2. Eleven controlled elderly women (aged 60.2 ± 6.8 years) were not submitted to the aerobic training, constituting the control group (G1). G1 attended educational lectures once a week, whereas G2 walked three times a week. RESULTS Both groups presented a significant decrease in glycemia and diastolic blood pressure levels. No significant decreases in BMI were observed after the aerobic training in either group. CONCLUSION The 13-week aerobic training program was enough to promote significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure and glycemia levels; therefore, this type of exercise training decreases the risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
-
10.
[Changes of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids levels after intensive treatment in incipient diabetes II patients].
Zhao, XH, Xu, ZR, Lu, XY, Zhang, Q, Yang, YM
Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences. 2010;(2):198-201
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of intensive treatment on the blood sugar, blood lipids and blood pressure levels in incipient diabetes II patients. METHODS One hundred and sixty incipient diabetes patients were allocated into two groups according to chronological order: 80 cases received routine treatment and 80 cases received intensive treatment. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), blood pressure, blood cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol-C (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) were tested before treatment. For intensive treatment group blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids were regularly tested, and the therapeutic protocols were adjusted according to the test results until the therapeutic target reached. After six months, HbA1C, blood pressure, TC, LDL-C, ALT and AST were tested again and comparison was made between the two groups. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in TC and LDL-C in the intensive treatment group compared with those in the routine treatment group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The intensive treatment on the incipient diabetes II patients facilitate the control of the blood lipids and blood sugar.