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Effect of a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Estimated Dementia Risk.
Solomon, A, Handels, R, Wimo, A, Antikainen, R, Laatikainen, T, Levälahti, E, Peltonen, M, Soininen, H, Strandberg, T, Tuomilehto, J, et al
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2021;82(4):1461-1466
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Early identification of individuals at-risk of dementia is essential for effective preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on the risk of dementia. This study is a post-hoc analyses of intervention effects on change in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) Dementia Risk Score. The CAIDE score was used to select at-risk participants to the FINGER trial. FINGER is a multicentre study conducted in 6 centres in Finland. Results show a significant beneficial intervention effect, especially in women, on reducing estimated dementia risk measured by the CAIDE score. Authors conclude that CAIDE risk score can be used as a tool to communicate dementia risk, and to select persons that may benefit from lifestyle interventions.
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on the risk of dementia estimated using the validated CAIDE risk score (post-hoc analysis). The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) is a 2-year randomized controlled trial among 1,260 at-risk older adults (60-77 years). Difference in the estimated mean change in CAIDE score at 2 years in the intervention compared to the control group was -0.16 (95 %CI -0.31 to 0.00) (p = 0.013), corresponding to a relative dementia risk reduction between 6.04-6.50%. This could be interpreted as a reflection of the prevention potential of the intervention.
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Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Larsson, SC, Burgess, S, Mason, AM, Michaëlsson, K
Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine. 2020;13(3):e002814
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Heavy alcohol consumption is an important cause of death and disability, but the association between moderate drinking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential causal relationship between alcohol consumption and 8 CVDs. A secondary aim was to explore the associations of genetically predicted alcohol consumption with possible mediators and confounders of the alcohol-CVD associations. This study is a mendelian randomization study [an epidemiological technique that utilizes genetic variants that are reliably associated with a potentially modifiable risk factor to determine its causal role for disease risk]. Results indicate that higher alcohol consumption may be associated with increased risk of stroke and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, alcohol consumption was also associated with higher blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and with lower triglyceride levels.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal role of alcohol consumption for cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to predict the effect of alcohol consumption on 8 cardiovascular diseases. METHODS Up to 94 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used as instrumental variables for alcohol consumption. Genetic association estimates for cardiovascular diseases were obtained from large-scale consortia and UK Biobank. Analyses were conducted using the inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger, and multivariable MR methods. RESULTS Genetically predicted alcohol consumption was consistently associated with stroke and peripheral artery disease across the different analyses. The odds ratios (ORs) per 1-SD increase of log-transformed alcoholic drinks per week were 1.27 ([95% CI, 1.12-1.45] P=2.87×10-4) for stroke and 3.05 ([95% CI, 1.92-4.85] P=2.30×10-6) for peripheral artery disease in the inverse variance-weighted analysis. There was some evidence for positive associations of genetically predicted alcohol consumption with coronary artery disease (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00-1.36]; P=0.052), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.00-1.37]; P=0.050), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.15-5.89]; P=0.022) in the inverse variance-weighted analysis. These associations were somewhat attenuated in multivariable MR analysis adjusted for smoking initiation. There was no evidence of associations of genetically predicted alcohol consumption with heart failure (OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.68-1.47]; P=0.996), venous thromboembolism (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.77-1.39]; P=0.810), and aortic valve stenosis (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.56-1.90]; P=0.926). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a causal relationship between higher alcohol consumption and increased risk of stroke and peripheral artery disease. The causal role of alcohol consumption for other cardiovascular diseases requires further research.
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Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Julibert, A, Bibiloni, MDM, Bouzas, C, Martínez-González, MÁ, Salas-Salvadó, J, Corella, D, Zomeño, MD, Romaguera, D, Vioque, J, Alonso-Gómez, ÁM, et al
Nutrients. 2019;11(7)
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Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) are becoming a global epidemic and the role of dietary fats is still unclear. The PREDIMED trial is a large study of 6560 Mediterranean men and women, aged 55–75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS in which they have tracked all types of dietary fat consumed over a 6-year period to assess the risk factors for CVD. Quality of fat is thought to play an important role in MetS. This study used food questionnaires to measure intake of the following fats: total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid, and w-3 FA). They were able to divide the participants into groups ranging from highest to lowest fat intake and assess the types of foods and fats being consumed. They found that the group with the highest fat intakes ate less carbohydrates, protein and fibre and had a higher risk of hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose levels). The total fats consumed in this group also included high levels of harmful trans-fatty acids so the researchers concluded that the risk is influenced by the combination of nutrients of the food consumed. They also found that participants who consumed high levels of linoleic acid had significantly higher healthy HDL cholesterol levels and those who consumed high levels of saturated fatty acids and omega 3 had significantly less risk of high triglycerides (another cholesterol marker). Overall they recommend further studies into types of dietary fat to help reduce MetS in the population.
Abstract
Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55-75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and ω-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and ω-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3-1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and ω-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and ω-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.