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The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals.
Ehret, GB, Ferreira, T, Chasman, DI, Jackson, AU, Schmidt, EM, Johnson, T, Thorleifsson, G, Luan, J, Donnelly, LA, Kanoni, S, et al
Nature genetics. 2016;(10):1171-1184
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Abstract
To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure-associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure-related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation.
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Dietary patterns and blood pressure change over 5-y follow-up in the SU.VI.MAX cohort.
Dauchet, L, Kesse-Guyot, E, Czernichow, S, Bertrais, S, Estaquio, C, PĂ©neau, S, Vergnaud, AC, Chat-Yung, S, Castetbon, K, Deschamps, V, et al
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;(6):1650-6
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although short-term effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure have been shown in intervention studies, less is known about the long-term effects. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the relation between dietary patterns based on DASH diet characteristics and blood pressure (BP) and BP change in a clinical trial of antioxidants conducted in France from 1994 to 2002. DESIGN Repeated 24-h dietary records were collected during the first year of follow-up. Dietary variables studied included fruit and vegetables, dairy products and fat (defined by Keys score), and two hypothesis-oriented scores based on the DASH diet. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of BP measured at the first clinical examination (1995-1996) in 4652 participants aged 35-63 y and a longitudinal analysis of BP change over a median follow-up of 5.4 y (n = 2341). RESULTS The mean increases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BPs were 9.3 and 4.5 mm Hg, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower SBP and DBP at first clinical examination (P for trend < 0.02 for both) and a lower 5-y increase in SBP (-2.1 mm Hg in the 4th compared with the 1st quartile; P for trend < 0.004) and DBP (-0.7 mm Hg in the 4th compared with the 1st quartile; P for trend < 0.03). The 2 DASH scores also were significantly associated with a lower BP at the first clinical examination and a lower BP increase. No significant relations were observed with dairy products or Keys score in either analyses. CONCLUSION These results suggest that high fruit and vegetable intakes may be associated with a lower increase in BP with aging.