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Lifestyle, psychological, socioeconomic and environmental factors and their impact on hypertension during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany. Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland. Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Clinica Medica, University Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 3rd Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Hypertension-24 h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Center, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. Cardiology Department, Clinic for Internal Disease Intermedica, Singidunum University, School of Medicine, Nis, Serbia. Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia. CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Valencia, Spain. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, School of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Firenze. Hypertension Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique and Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Department of Medicine and CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal. 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Cardiology Department, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria. Institute of Sport Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan. Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy.

Journal of hypertension. 2021;(6):1077-1089
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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic considerably affects health, wellbeing, social, economic and other aspects of daily life. The impact of COVID-19 on blood pressure (BP) control and hypertension remains insufficiently explored. We therefore provide a comprehensive review of the potential changes in lifestyle factors and behaviours as well as environmental changes likely to influence BP control and cardiovascular risk during the pandemic. This includes the impact on physical activity, dietary patterns, alcohol consumption and the resulting consequences, for example increases in body weight. Other risk factors for increases in BP and cardiovascular risk such as smoking, emotional/psychologic stress, changes in sleep patterns and diurnal rhythms may also exhibit significant changes in addition to novel factors such as air pollution and environmental noise. We also highlight potential preventive measures to improve BP control because hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for worldwide health during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Review

Metadata

MeSH terms : Hypertension