Recommended Reference Values for Risk Assessment of Oral Exposure to Copper.

Exponent, Inc., 475 14th Street, Suite 400, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA. Exponent, Inc., 15375 SE 30th Place, Suite 250, Bellevue, WA, 98027, USA. Exponent, Inc., One Mill and Main Place, Suite 150, Maynard, MA, 01754, USA. Red Cap Consulting, 7760 North Boulder Drive, Lake Point, UT, 84074, USA. Exponent, Inc., 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis. 2023;(2):211-218
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Abstract

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database, the authoritative source of U.S. risk assessment toxicity factors, currently lacks an oral reference dose (RfD) for copper. In the absence of such a value, various health-based reference values for copper are available for use in risk assessment. We summarize the scientific bases and differences in assumptions among key reference values for ingested copper to guide selection of appropriate values for risk assessment. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature best supports the oral RfD of 0.04 mg/kg body weight/day derived by EPA from their Drinking Water Action Level. This value is based on acute gastrointestinal effects but is further supported by broader analysis of copper deficiency and toxicity.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Review

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