Diet-microbiome interactions in cancer treatment: Opportunities and challenges for precision nutrition in cancer.

Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA. Electronic address: leigh_greathouse@baylor.edu. Human Health Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech Health Sciences University El Paso (TTUHSC EP), El Paso, TX, USA. Nutrition Services Division, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, TTUHSC EP, El Paso, TX, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, TTUHSC EP, El Paso, TX, USA.

Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.). 2022;:100800
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Abstract

Dietary patterns contribute to cancer risk. Separately, microbial factors influence the development of several cancers. However, the interaction of diet and the microbiome and their joint contribution to cancer treatment response needs more research. The microbiome significantly impacts drug metabolism, immune activation, and response to immunotherapy. One of the critical factors affecting the microbiome structure and function is diet. Data demonstrate that the diet and microbiome composition affects the immune response. Moreover, malnutrition is a significant confounder to cancer therapy response. There is little understanding of the interaction of malnutrition with the microbiome in the context of cancer. This review aims to address the current knowledge of dietary intake patterns and malnutrition among cancer patients and the impact on treatment outcomes. Second, this review will provide evidence linking the microbiome to cancer treatment response and provide evidence of the potentially strong effect that diet could have on this interaction. This review will formulate critical questions that will need further research to understand the diet-microbiome relationship in cancer treatment response and directions for future research to guide us to precision nutrition therapy to improve cancer outcomes.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Review

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