Tobacco smoking and air pollution are leading causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mortality and morbidity are on the rise worldwide due to the increase in COPD. COPD is a risk factor for sarcopenia, an age-related reduction in muscle mass and muscle strength. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as nutritional supplementation, are considered a management strategy for sarcopenia related to COPD, as they can address nutritional deficiencies and energy requirements in old age. This systematic review and meta-analysis included twenty-nine randomised controlled trials to assess the effects of nutritional supplementation for reducing sarcopenia in patients with COPD. The included studies used different nutritional supplements such as energy-type nutritional supplements, essential amino acids, essential amino acid-enriched nutritional supplements, whey protein, β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate, creatine, creatine in combination with coenzyme Q10, vitamin D, vitamin B12, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium citrate or nutritional antioxidant supplements. The intervention duration ranged from four weeks to twenty-four weeks. The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in body weight, fat-free mass, and a 6-minute walk test. There was a non-significant improvement in handgrip strength and quadriceps muscle strength. Healthcare professionals can use the results of this study to understand the benefits of nutritional supplementation in improving body composition and muscle strength. However, further robust studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional supplementation in COPD patients due to the high heterogeneity of the included studies.