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Impact of COVID-19 on functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health-related outcomes in patients with dementia: A systematic review.

Department of Cognitive Neurology, Fleni, Montañeses 2325 (C1428AQK), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, 02115 Boston, MA, USA. Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza, University of Milano Bicocca, Via G. B. Pergolesi, 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy. WHO Rehabilitation Programme, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Giovanni Celoria, 11, 20133 Milano, MI, Italy. NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, USA. Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. FINGERS Brain Health Institute, 22, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden. Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London, United Kingdom. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne 3, Kuopio, Finland. Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, 171 77 Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Theme Inflammation and Aging, Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Care for Long Term Conditions Division, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building 57 Waterloo Road, London, United Kingdom. Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Trubetskaya street, Russia. Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ulitsa Ostrovityanova, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.

eNeurologicalSci. 2025;:100539
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Abstract

BACKGROUND This systematic review analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on dementia patients' functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health related outcomes. It hypothesizes that dementia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2experience more pronounced deterioration compared to those who are uninfected. METHODS Research from 01/03/2020 to 07/10/2023 was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and adhering to PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. The study aimed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with worse outcomes in dementia patients. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022352481), and bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Among 198 studies reviewed, only three met the criteria. Chen et al. (2023) identified higher mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected dementia patients, while Merla et al. (2023) observed faster cognitive decline in infected individuals with increased hospital admissions. Additionally, Cascini et al. (2022) reported an increased risk of infection and significantly elevated mortality in dementia patients, highlighting comorbidities and antipsychotic medication use as key risk factors. CONCLUSION These limited data suggest higher mortality and cognitive decline in dementia patients following COVID-19, underscoring the need for extensive research in this area.

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Publication Type : Review

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