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Does Bariatric Surgery Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Individuals with Morbid Obesity? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Chierici, A, Amoretti, P, Drai, C, De Fatico, S, Barriere, J, Schiavo, L, Iannelli, A
Nutrients. 2023;(2)
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has shown to be effective in producing sustained weight loss and the resolution of obesity related medical problems. Recent research focused on the role of obesity and adipose tissue in tumorigenesis, finding a strong crosslink through different mechanisms and highlighting an increase in cancer incidence in individuals with obesity. The aim of this meta-analysis is to find if bariatric surgery reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with obesity. We performed a meta-analysis including 18 studies (PROSPERO ID CRD4202235931). Bariatric surgery was found to be significantly protective toward colorectal cancer incidence in individuals with obesity (HR: 0.81, p = 0.0142). The protective effect persisted when considering women (RR: 0.54, p = 0.0014) and men (RR: 0.74, p = 0.2798) separately, although this was not significant for the latter. No difference was found when comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Bariatric surgery reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals with obesity independently from gender and surgical procedure. Prospective large cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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2.
Tea intake or consumption and the risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Jiang, N, Ma, J, Wang, Q, Xu, Y, Wei, B
PeerJ. 2023;:e15688
Abstract
PURPOSE Dementia affects as many as 130 million people, which presents a significant and growing medical burden globally. This meta-analysis aims to assess whether tea intake, tea consumption can reduce the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort studies from inception to November 1, 2022. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. We extracted the data as the relative risks (RRs) for the outcome of the interest, and conducted the meta-analysis utilizing the random effect model due to the certain heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis were performed by moving one study at a time, Subgroup-analysis was carried out according to different ages and dementia types. And the funnel plots based on Egger's and Begger's regression tests were used to evaluate publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata statistical software version 14.0 and R studio version 4.2.0. RESULTS Seven prospective cohort studies covering 410,951 individuals, which were published from 2009 and 2022 were included in this meta-analysis. The methodological quality of these studies was relatively with five out of seven being of high quality and the remaining being of moderate. The pooling analysis shows that the relationship between tea intake or consumption is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia (RR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.57-0.88], I2 = 79.0%, p < 0.01). Further, the subgroup-analysis revealed that tea intake or consumption is associated with a reduced risk of AD (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.79-0.99], I2 = 52.6%, p = 0.024) and VD (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66-0.85], I = 0.00%, p < 0.001). Lastly, tea intake or consumption could reduce the risk of all-cause dementia to a greater degree among populations with less physical activity, older age, APOE carriers, and smokers. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis demonstrated that tea (green tea or black tea) intake or consumption is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of dementia, AD or VD. These findings provide evidence that tea intake or consumption should be recognized as an independent protective factor against the onset of dementia, AD or VD.
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Nutrient carriers at the heart of plant nutrition and sensing.
Robe, K, Barberon, M
Current opinion in plant biology. 2023;:102376
Abstract
Plants require water and several essential nutrients for their development. The radial transport of nutrients from the soil to the root vasculature is achieved through a combination of three different pathways: apoplastic, symplastic, and transcellular. A common feature for these pathways is the requirement of carriers to transport nutrients across the plasma membrane. An efficient transport of nutrients across the root cell layers relies on a large number of carriers, each of them having their own substrate specificity, tissular and subcellular localization. Polarity is also emerging as a major feature allowing their function. Recent advances on radial transport of nutrients, especially carrier mediated nutrient transport will be discussed in this review, as well as the role of transporters as nutrient sensors.
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4.
Intake of prebiotic fibers and the risk of laryngeal cancer: the PrebiotiCa study.
Turati, F, Concina, F, Bertuccio, P, Fiori, F, Parpinel, M, Taborelli, M, Rosato, V, Garavello, W, Negri, E, La Vecchia, C
European journal of nutrition. 2023;(2):977-985
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether the intake of specific fibers with prebiotic activity, e.g., inulin-type fructans (ITFs), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs), is associated with laryngeal cancer risk. METHODS Within the PrebiotiCa study, we used data from a case-control study (Italy, 1992-2009) with 689 incident, histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer cases and 1605 controls. Six prebiotic molecules (ITFs, nystose [FOS], kestose [FOS], 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose [FOS], raffinose [GOS] and stachyose [GOS]) were quantified in various foods via ad hoc conducted laboratory analyses. Subjects' prebiotic fiber intake was calculated by multiplying food frequency questionnaire intake by the prebiotic content of each food item. The odds ratios (OR) of laryngeal cancer for prebiotic fiber intake were calculated using logistic regression models, including, among others, terms for tobacco, alcohol, and total energy intake. RESULTS The intakes of kestose, raffinose and stachyose were inversely associated with laryngeal cancer, with ORs for the highest versus the lowest quartile of 0.70 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.50-0.99) for kestose, 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.93) for raffinose and 0.61 (95% CI 0.45-0.83) for stachyose. ITFs, nystose and 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose were not associated with laryngeal cancer risk. Current smokers and heavy drinkers with medium-low intakes of such prebiotic fibers had, respectively, an over 15-fold increased risk versus never smokers with medium-high intakes and a five to sevenfold increased risk versus never/moderate drinkers with medium-high intakes. CONCLUSION Although disentangling the effects of the various components of fiber-rich foods is complex, our results support a favorable role of selected prebiotic fibers on laryngeal cancers risk.
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Re-examination of the estimated average requirement for carbohydrate intake during pregnancy: Addition of placental glucose consumption.
Hernandez, TL, Rozance, PJ
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2023;(2):227-234
Abstract
Evidence-based dietary reference intakes for nutrients in healthy individuals were last set in 2005 by the Institute of Medicine. For the first time, these recommendations included a guideline for carbohydrate intake during pregnancy. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was set at ≥175 g/d or 45%-65% of total energy intake. In the decades since, carbohydrate intake has been declining in some populations, and many pregnant women consume carbohydrates below the RDA. The RDA was developed to account for both maternal brain and fetal brain glucose requirements. However, the placenta also requires glucose as its dominant energy substrate and is as dependent on maternal glucose as the brain. Prompted by the availability of evidence demonstrating the rate and quantity of human placental glucose consumption, we calculated a potential new estimated average requirement (EAR) for carbohydrate intake to account for placental glucose consumption. Further, by narrative review, we have re-examined the original RDA by applying contemporary measurements of adult brain and whole-body fetal glucose consumption. We also propose, using physiologic rationale, that placental glucose consumption be included in pregnancy nutrition considerations. Calculated from human in vivo placental glucose consumption data, we suggest that 36 g/d represents an EAR for adequate glucose to support placental metabolism without supplementation by other fuels. A potential new EAR of 171 g/d accounts for maternal (100 g) and fetal (35 g) brain, and now placental glucose utilization (36 g), and with extrapolation to meet the needs of nearly all healthy pregnant women, would result in a modified RDA of 220 g/d. Lower and upper safety thresholds for carbohydrate intake remain to be determined, of importance as preexisting and gestational diabetes continue to rise globally, and nutrition therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment.
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Exploring the potential of Moringa oleifera Lam in skin disorders and cosmetics: nutritional analysis, phytochemistry, geographical distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, dermatological studies and cosmetic formulations.
Garg, P, Pundir, S, Ali, A, Panja, S, Chellappan, DK, Dua, K, Kulshrestha, S, Negi, P
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. 2023
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a pan-tropical plant well known to the ancient world for its extensive therapeutic benefits in the Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems. The ancient world was familiar with this tree, but it has only lately been rediscovered as a multifunctional species with a huge range of possible therapeutic applications. It is a folk remedy for skin diseases, edema, sore gums, etc. This review comprises the history, ethnomedicinal applications, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, propagation, nutritional and phytochemical profile, dermatological effects, and commercially available cosmeceuticals of Moringa oleifera Lam.Compilation of all the presented data has been done by employing various search engines like Science Direct, Google, PubMed, Research Gate, EBSCO, SciVal, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar.Studies on phytochemistry claim the presence of a variety of substances, including fatty acids, phenolic acids, sterols, oxalates, tocopherols, carotenoids, flavonoids, flavonols glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, terpene, saponins, phylates, alkaloids, glucosinolates, glycosides, and isothiocyanate. The pharmacological studies have shown the efficacy of Moringa oleifera Lam. as an antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atopic dermatitis, antipsoriatic, promoter of wound healing, effective in treating herpes simplex virus, photoprotective, and UV protective. As a moisturizer, conditioner, hair growth promoter, cleanser, antiwrinkle, anti-aging, anti-acne, scar removal, pigmentation, and control for skin infection, sores, as well as sweating, it has also been utilized in a range of cosmeceuticals.he Moringa oleifera Lam. due to its broad range of phytochemicals can be proven boon for the treatment of dermatological disorders.
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Integrative deep learning framework predicts lipidomics-based investigation of preservatives on meat nutritional biomarkers and metabolic pathways.
Jia, W, Guo, A, Bian, W, Zhang, R, Wang, X, Shi, L
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2023;:1-15
Abstract
Preservatives are added as antimicrobial agents to extend the shelf life of meat. Adding preservatives to meat products can affect their flavor and nutrition. This review clarifies the effects of preservatives on metabolic pathways and network molecular transformations in meat products based on lipidomics, metabolomics and proteomics analyses. Preservatives change the nutrient content of meat products via altering ionic strength and pH to influence enzyme activity. Ionic strength in salt triggers muscle triglyceride hydrolysis by causing phosphorylation and lipid droplet splitting in adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase and triglyceride lipase. DisoLipPred exploiting deep recurrent networks and transfer learning can predict the lipid binding trend of each amino acid in the disordered region of input protein sequences, which could provide omics analyses of biomarkers metabolic pathways in meat products. While conventional meat quality assessment tools are unable to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms and pathways of variables in the influences of preservatives on the quality of meat products, the promising application of omics techniques in food analysis and discovery through multimodal learning prediction algorithms of neural networks (e.g., deep neural network, convolutional neural network, artificial neural network) will drive the meat industry to develop new strategies for food spoilage prevention and control.
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Biocompatible Phosphorescent O2 Sensors Based on Ir(III) Complexes for In Vivo Hypoxia Imaging.
Samandarsangari, M, Kozina, DO, Sokolov, VV, Komarova, AD, Shirmanova, MV, Kritchenkov, IS, Tunik, SP
Biosensors. 2023;(7)
Abstract
In this work, we obtained three new phosphorescent iridium complexes (Ir1-Ir3) of general stoichiometry [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]Cl decorated with oligo(ethylene glycol) fragments to make them water-soluble and biocompatible, as well as to protect them from aggregation with biomolecules such as albumin. The major photophysical characteristics of these phosphorescent complexes are determined by the nature of two cyclometallating ligands (N^C) based on 2-pyridine-benzothiophene, since quantum chemical calculations revealed that the electronic transitions responsible for the excitation and emission are localized mainly at these fragments. However, the use of various diimine ligands (N^N) proved to affect the quantum yield of phosphorescence and allowed for changing the complexes' sensitivity to oxygen, due to the variations in the steric accessibility of the chromophore center for O2 molecules. It was also found that the N^N ligands made it possible to tune the biocompatibility of the resulting compounds. The wavelengths of the Ir1-Ir3 emission maxima fell in the range of 630-650 nm, the quantum yields reached 17% (Ir1) in a deaerated solution, and sensitivity to molecular oxygen, estimated as the ratio of emission lifetime in deaerated and aerated water solutions, displayed the highest value, 8.2, for Ir1. The obtained complexes featured low toxicity, good water solubility and the absence of a significant effect of biological environment components on the parameters of their emission. Of the studied compounds, Ir1 and Ir2 were chosen for in vitro and in vivo biological experiments to estimate oxygen concentration in cell lines and tumors. These sensors have demonstrated their effectiveness for mapping the distribution of oxygen and for monitoring hypoxia in the biological objects studied.
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Evaluating the antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from Hypericum perforatum L. by an electrochemical biosensor based on AuNPs/AC@CS composite.
Sun, B, Yang, Y, Sun, Y, Wu, D, Kan, L, Gao, C, Shi, H, Sang, C, Zhao, T, Yang, L, et al
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2023;:108400
Abstract
Due to the variety and activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi (SMEF) from medicinal plants, and the operation cumbersome of existing methods for evaluating the activity, there is urgent to establish a simple, efficient and sensitive evaluation and screening technology. In this study, the prepared chitosan functionalized activated carbon (AC@CS) composite as the electrode substrate material was used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was deposited on AC@CS/GCE by cyclic voltammetry (CV). A ds-DNA/AuNPs/AC@CS/GCE electrochemical biosensor for evaluating the antioxidant activity of SMEF from Hypericum perforatum L. (HP L.) was fabricated using the method of layer by layer assembly. The experimental conditions affecting the evaluation results of the biosensor were optimized by square wave voltammetry (SWV) using Ru(NH3)63+ as the probe, and the antioxidant activity of various SMEF from HP L. was evaluated by the proposed biosensor. Meanwhile, the results of the biosensor were also verified by UV-vis. According to the optimized experimental results, the biosensors had a high levels of oxidative DNA damage at pH 6.0 and Fenton solution system with Fe2+ to OH- ratio of 1:3 for 30 min. Among the crude extracts of SMEF from roots, stems and leaves of HP L., the crude extracts from stems presents a high antioxidant activity, but it was weaker than l-ascorbic acid. This result was consistent with the evaluation results of UV-vis spectrophotometric method, also the fabricated biosensor presents high stability and sensitivity. This study not only provides a novel, convenient and efficient way for rapid evaluating the antioxidant activity of a wide variety of SMEF from HP L., but also provides a novel evaluation strategy for the SMEF from medicinal plants.
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Hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion of the regenerated ultrafiltrate (HFR): towards a convective, diffusive, and adsorptive dialysis.
Molina, P, Goicoechea, M, Huarte, E, Maduell, F, Valero, A, Martín-Malo, A
Nefrologia. 2023;(6):688-702
Abstract
Hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion of the ultrafiltrate (HFR) is a dialysis technique characterized by a resin cartridge with adsorptive properties that combines the mechanisms of diffusion, convection, and adsorption in a single therapeutic regimen. After nearly 20 years of clinical experience with HFR, this article reviews the accumulated evidence with this technique, considering whether adsorption reduction, as a third purification mechanism, should be the next step in the treatment of hemodialysis patients. HFR, beyond producing an extensive removal of uremic toxins, has demonstrated to reduce the loss of nutrients and other physiological components during the dialysis session as compared to online hemodiafiltration, ameliorating the inflammatory state and oxidative stress in this population. In addition to its ease of use, the technique is also highly biocompatible and can be used in patients with a compromised vascular access. Based on these observations, HFR appears to be an especially useful therapy for high-comorbidity patients, including those with frailty, malnutrition, or cardiovascular disease. In this review, we, as a consensus panel of nephrologists experienced with HFR, survey existing literature and summarize our views on when to use this technique, which patients may be best suited for HFR, and how to effectively prescribe and monitor this modality of dialysis in daily clinical practice.