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The Effect of a Ketogenic Diet versus Mediterranean Diet on Clinical and Biochemical Markers of Inflammation in Patients with Obesity and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
Lambadiari, V, Katsimbri, P, Kountouri, A, Korakas, E, Papathanasi, A, Maratou, E, Pavlidis, G, Pliouta, L, Ikonomidis, I, Malisova, S, et al
International journal of molecular sciences. 2024;25(5)
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Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune disorder marked by persistent inflammation. Recent studies suggest a connection between obesity and psoriasis, as visceral fat contributes to systemic inflammation through the release of inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines. Dietary approaches like the Mediterranean diet (MD) and Ketogenic diet (KD) can potentially aid in weight loss and inflammation reduction. This randomised crossover study examined the effectiveness of a classic Mediterranean diet and an isocaloric Ketogenic diet over twenty-two weeks in patients with psoriatic arthritis, obesity, and pre-existing psoriasis. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, total fat mass, and visceral fat with both the Mediterranean and Ketogenic diets. However, the Ketogenic diet showed a statistically significant improvement in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, as well as in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, compared to the Mediterranean diet. Healthcare professionals can leverage the findings of this study to understand the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean and Ketogenic diets on metabolic markers, inflammatory markers, and psoriasis. However, additional robust studies are needed to confirm these results, as the existing research on this topic is limited.
Abstract
The effect of different diet patterns on psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) is unknown. Τhe aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet (MD) and Ketogenic diet (KD), in patients with PSO and PSA. Twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to start either with MD or KD for a period of 8 weeks. After a 6-week washout interval, the two groups were crossed over to the other type of diet for 8 weeks. At the end of this study, MD and KD resulted in significant reduction in weight (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively), in BMI (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, respectively), in waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively), in total fat mass (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, respectively), and in visceral fat (p = 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), in comparison with baseline. After KD, patients displayed a significant reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (p = 0.04), Disease Activity Index of Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) (p = 0.004), interleukin (IL)-6 (p = 0.047), IL-17 (p = 0.042), and IL-23 (p = 0.037), whereas no significant differences were observed in these markers after MD (p > 0.05), compared to baseline. The 22-week MD-KD diet program in patients with PSO and PSA led to beneficial results in markers of inflammation and disease activity, which were mainly attributed to KD.
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Glycemic variability assessed using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals without diabetes and associations with cardiometabolic risk markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hjort, A, Iggman, D, Rosqvist, F
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2024;43(4):915-925
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Chronic hyperglycaemia, assessed by HbA1c, is a risk factor for complications in individuals with diabetes. However, HbA1c does not reflect short-term fluctuations in blood glucose, which can vary a lot between individuals despite similar HbA1c. Glycaemic variability (GV) is a term used to describe such fluctuations, reflecting both hypoglycaemic events and postprandial spikes as well as fluctuations that are repeated at the same time on different days. The aim of this study was to assess whether GV is associated with cardiometabolic risk markers or outcomes in individuals without diabetes. Researchers examined data from continuous glucose monitoring studies. This study was a systematic review of 71 studies, primarily cross-sectional in design. Results showed that GV measures were higher in individuals with prediabetes compared to those without, potentially related to beta cell dysfunction. However, GV was not clearly associated with insulin sensitivity, adiposity, blood lipids, or blood pressure. Interestingly, GV may predict coronary atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular events, as well as type 2 diabetes. Authors concluded that although GV is elevated in prediabetes, its association with traditional risk factors remains less clear. Prospective studies are needed to explore GV’s predictive power in relation to incident disease.
Expert Review
Conflicts of interest:
None
Take Home Message:
Continuous glucose monitors are widely available. They could help nutritionists and nutritional therapists to personalise nutrition plans and reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes when working with a qualified health care practitioner.
Evidence Category:
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X
A: Meta-analyses, position-stands, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs)
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B: Systematic reviews including RCTs of limited number
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C: Non-randomized trials, observational studies, narrative reviews
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D: Case-reports, evidence-based clinical findings
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E: Opinion piece, other
Summary Review:
Introduction
Glycaemic variability (GV) has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is not known whether there are similar risks for individuals without T2D. Continuous blood glucose monitors (CGM) measure short-term GV and may be a potential tool for assessing these risks.
Methods
- 71 worldwide studies with diverse populations were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Most studies were cross sectional and included CGM use for 24 hours or longer.
- Measurement data included: standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of GV, mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), mean of daily differences (MODD), continuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA), M-value, lability index (L-index), J-index or glycaemic risk assessment in diabetes equation (GRADE).
- Outcome measurements were any associated with cardiometabolic risk markers.
Results
- Adults with prediabetes had greater SD (p <0.0001), CV (p =0.008) and MAGE (p<0.0001) values. SD, MODD, and MAGE were also higher in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and a previous history of gestational diabetes.
- SD was higher in children and adolescents with prediabetes. SD and CV were also higher in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. An inverse association was found in adolescents for MAGE and soluble receptor of advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) (P=<0.05).
- 6 studies found measures of beta-cell function were inversely associated with GV.
- Higher levels of MAGE were positively associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events (p=0.004), higher C-reactive protein and PAI-1 (p<0.001).
- No differences were found in GV between obese, overweight and normal weight individuals, nor correlations with body composition for all populations (p>0.05 for all).
Conclusion
This study found that GV is elevated in adults with prediabetes compared to individuals with NGT and may be linked with beta-cell dysfunction. The evidence for children and adolescents was less clear. GV was also positively associated with the development of atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. GV may therefore be an effective proxy for cardiovascular risk in adults without diabetes.
Clinical practice applications:
- There is a large variability in postprandial response between individuals consuming the same foods.
- HbA1C does not include short term variability in blood glucose levels.
- CGMs are widely available and easily accessible and could help nutritionists and nutritional therapists to provide personalised nutrition plans.
- This study found that changes in GV were not associated with HbA1c, fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance or oral glucose tolerance test-derived measures.
- GV was also not associated with adiposity, blood pressure, blood fatty liver disease, blood lipid profile or oxidative stress.
Considerations for future research:
- Limitations of this study were the inclusion of mainly cross-sectional data as well as the heterogeneity between outcome measures, study durations, populations and sample sizes.
- Further prospective studies are needed in healthy individuals.
- Future studies should focus on measurements that specifically assess GV and cardiometabolic risk markers.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides data on short-term glycemic variability (GV). GV is associated with adverse outcomes in individuals with diabetes. Whether GV is associated with cardiometabolic risk in individuals without diabetes is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess whether GV is associated with cardiometabolic risk markers or outcomes in individuals without diabetes. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane from inception through April 2022. Two researchers were involved in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Studies evaluating GV using CGM for ≥24 h were included. Studies in populations with acute and/or critical illness were excluded. Both narrative synthesis and meta-analyzes were performed, depending on outcome. RESULTS Seventy-one studies were included; the majority were cross-sectional. Multiple measures of GV are higher in individuals with compared to without prediabetes and GV appears to be inversely associated with beta cell function. In contrast, GV is not clearly associated with insulin sensitivity, fatty liver disease, adiposity, blood lipids, blood pressure or oxidative stress. However, GV may be positively associated with the degree of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in individuals with coronary disease. CONCLUSION GV is elevated in prediabetes, potentially related to beta cell dysfunction, but less clearly associated with obesity or traditional risk factors. GV is associated with coronary atherosclerosis development and may predict cardiovascular events and type 2 diabetes. Prospective studies are warranted, investigating the predictive power of GV in relation to incident disease. GV may be an important risk measure also in individuals without diabetes.
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Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Sports Performance and Circulating Biomarkers in Highly Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Celorrio San Miguel, AM, Roche, E, Herranz-López, M, Celorrio San Miguel, M, Mielgo-Ayuso, J, Fernández-Lázaro, D
Nutrients. 2024;16(7)
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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine) is an indolic neurohormone known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. Highly demanding training exponentially increases physical and biochemical demands, particularly in the skeletal muscle and the liver. This study aimed to critically review the effects of melatonin supplementation on sports performance and circulating biomarkers in highly trained athletes. This study was a systematic review of twenty-one randomised controlled trials. The dose of melatonin supplemented in the trials ranged from 5 mg to 100 mg, administered before or after exercise. Results showed that melatonin supplementation improved antioxidant status and inflammatory response. Additionally, it reversed liver and muscle damage, and moderate effects were also observed in modulating glycaemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine. Authors concluded that melatonin has a high safety profile. In fact, melatonin supplementation could act indirectly to improve performance by preventing tissue damage, reduce inflammation caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and restore circulating biomarkers in highly trained athletes during demanding exercises.
Expert Review
Conflicts of interest:
None
Take Home Message:
- Diet and lifestyle modifications should always be made first to ensure that athletes have sufficient melatonin levels.
- Adequate light exposure at appropriate times and specific foods which contain melatonin may help.
- During periods of intense training, supplementation may be needed to reach adequate levels and to aid recovery.
Evidence Category:
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A: Meta-analyses, position-stands, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs)
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X
B: Systematic reviews including RCTs of limited number
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C: Non-randomized trials, observational studies, narrative reviews
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D: Case-reports, evidence-based clinical findings
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E: Opinion piece, other
Summary Review:
Introduction
- High-intensity exercise can disrupt inflammatory and immune processes within the body resulting in inflammation, poor immune function, and poor recovery.
- Melatonin is a neurohormone that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has the potential to be of benefit to recovery following strenuous exercise.
- This systematic review of randomised control trials aimed to determine the effect of melatonin on sports performance and circulating health biomarkers.
Methods
- This was a systematic review of randomised control trials (RCTs).
- The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
- Studies that were included looked at the use of melatonin by trained sports professional and athletes.
Results
- 21 RCTs were included in the review.
- Melatonin doses ranged from 5mg to 100mg in the studies.
- Melatonin was administered either acutely or for periods of 3 to 30 days pre and post exercise.
- None of the studies were rated low risk of bias.
- Seven studies had a high risk of bias.
- There was a high degree of heterogeneity, which prevented a meta-analysis being performed.
- The study showed that melatonin supplementation had some effect on white blood cell count levels and immunoglobulins but results were conflicting.
- Moderate effects were seen on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids but did not affect high density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein.
- Improvements were seen in antioxidant status and inflammation.
- Reversal of kidney and liver damage was reported following supplementation.
- Promising effects were seen on sports performance with some studies reporting improvements in aerobic capacity, agility, and sprint performance.
- No effects were apparent on hormonal response of cortisol, testosterone, or growth hormone.
- No adverse effects were seen following melatonin supplementation.
Conclusion
- Melatonin supplementation may mitigate some of the damaging effects of extreme exercise.
- However, it is unclear as to how this might occur.
Clinical practice applications:
- Sufficient melatonin levels may be necessary in highly trained athletes.
- This may limit inflammation and oxidative stress and help prevent tissue damage and aid recovery.
- During periods of intense training or when quick recovery is needed, melatonin supplementation may be of benefit.
Considerations for future research:
- More studies on the mechanisms through which melatonin may be supporting athletic performance and preventing liver and kidney damage are needed.
- Studies on the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial function may be of benefit.
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine) is an indolic neurohormone that modulates a variety of physiological functions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to critically review the effects of melatonin supplementation in sports performance and circulating biomarkers related to the health status of highly trained athletes. Data were obtained by performing searches in the following three bibliography databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The terms used were "Highly Trained Athletes", "Melatonin", and "Sports Performance", "Health Biomarkers" using "Humans" as a filter. The search update was carried out in February 2024 from original articles published with a controlled trial design. The PRISMA rules, the modified McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies, the PEDro scale, and the Cochrane risk of bias were applied. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected out of 294 references. The dose of melatonin supplemented in the trials ranged between 5 mg to 100 mg administered before or after exercise. The outcomes showed improvements in antioxidant status and inflammatory response and reversed liver damage and muscle damage. Moderate effects on modulating glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were reported. Promising data were found regarding the potential benefits of melatonin in hematological biomarkers, hormonal responses, and sports performance. Therefore, the true efficiency of melatonin to directly improve sports performance remains to be assessed. Nevertheless, an indirect effect of melatonin supplementation in sports performance could be evaluated through improvements in health biomarkers.
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Polyphenol supplementation boosts aerobic endurance in athletes: systematic review.
Cao, G, Zuo, J, Wu, B, Wu, Y
Frontiers in physiology. 2024;15:1369174
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Prolonged high-intensity endurance training and competition can lead to exercise-induced fatigue, muscle function decline, and oxidative stress. Natural plant extracts, including polyphenols, have gained attention for their potential to enhance athletic performance and aid recovery. This study aimed to examine the role of polyphenol supplementation in improving aerobic endurance among athletes and individuals with regular exercise habits. This study was a systematic review of 11 studies, focusing on the impact of polyphenols on aerobic endurance. Results showed that flavonoid-rich compounds, providing 208 mg of polyphenols and 14.4 mg of flavonoids per 40 g in a water-soluble form, showed the most noticeable improvement in exercise performance during a 6-week supplementation period. Authors concluded that even though polyphenol supplementation demonstrated enhancements in several indicators of aerobic endurance exercise performance, it’s essential to interpret these findings cautiously due to the limited number of available studies.
Expert Review
Conflicts of interest:
None
Take Home Message:
- Polyphenols may have specific benefits on exercise performance and metabolism in both performance and recreational athletes.
- It is important to understand that this is only seen at specific doses for sustained periods of time and compliance is essential for results.
Evidence Category:
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X
A: Meta-analyses, position-stands, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs)
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B: Systematic reviews including RCTs of limited number
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C: Non-randomized trials, observational studies, narrative reviews
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D: Case-reports, evidence-based clinical findings
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E: Opinion piece, other
Summary Review:
Introduction
Extreme exercise can lead to oxidative stress in the body, which can affect muscle function and impact training and performance in athletes. Polyphenols present in plants have antioxidant properties and have emerged as potential candidates to improve exercise performance. They also promote antioxidant defences and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling, which is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, they may also alter vascular function through promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, which leads to vasodilation and increased blood flow. This systematic review aimed to summarise the current research on the effects of polyphenols on endurance exercise performance.
Methods
- The inclusion criteria involved randomised control trials on healthy athletes and sports people who were supplemented with polyphenols and compared to a placebo group both before and after tests of athletic or sports performance.
- No meta-analysis was conducted.
Results
- 11 studies with 220 participants were included in the systematic review. 164 were recreational and 56 professional athletes.
- Polyphenols assessed were grape seed extract, green tea extract, olive fruit water phytocomplex, Montmorency cherry powder, carob pods, Haskap berries, Vinitrox™ (polyphenols from grape and apple), Cardiose®, and grape juice.
- Substantial improvements were seen in the time taken to complete an exercise and fatigue times.
- Mixed results were seen in time to peak power output, endurance running distance, power output, exercise intensity, rate of perceived exertion, and speed.
- Improvements were seen in flow mediated dilation and tissue oxygenation index, but only one trial was found that assessed each of these.
- Heart rate and blood pressure showed no improvements with polyphenols and mixed results were seen with VO2, VCO2 lactate level, and carbohydrate oxidation.
- Prolonged use of polyphenols were shown to promote whole body fat oxidation.
- No improvements were seen in measures of antioxidant levels but only one study looked at these.
- Long-term rather than acute polyphenol supplementation was more beneficial.
Conclusion
Polyphenols improved aerobic endurance and exercise performance. However, there is insufficient evidence to support their use for improvements to several physiological and metabolic measures.
Clinical practice applications:
- Practitioners may like to consider the recommendation of long-term polyphenol supplementation to healthy athletes to improve aerobic endurance and promote fat oxidation.
- 208mg of polyphenols and flavonoids in a 14.4mg per 40g in a soluble form may have optimal effects.
- However, there may be limited effects on recovery times.
Considerations for future research:
- Further research could determine exercise specific dosage recommendations.
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing trend has been observed in the consumption of specific polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, derived from green tea, berries, and other similar sources. These compounds are believed to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from exercise, potentially enhancing athletic performance. This systematic review critically examines the role of polyphenol supplementation in improving aerobic endurance among athletes and individuals with regular exercise habits. The review involved a thorough search of major literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Embase, covering re-search up to the year 2023. Out of 491 initially identified articles, 11 met the strict inclusion criteria for this review. These studies specifically focused on the incorporation of polyphenols or polyphenol-containing complexes in their experimental design, assessing their impact on aerobic endurance. The methodology adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool. While this review suggests that polyphenol supplementation might enhance certain aspects of aerobic endurance and promote fat oxidation, it is important to interpret these findings with caution, considering the limited number of studies available. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023453321.
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Yoga or Mindfulness on Diabetes: Scoping Review for Theoretical Experimental Framework.
Cangelosi, G, Acito, M, Grappasonni, I, Nguyen, CTT, Tesauro, M, Pantanetti, P, Morichetti, L, Ceroni, E, Benni, A, Petrelli, F
Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita. 2024;36(2):153-168
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Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. With the predicted rise in diabetes cases, alternative approaches to managing this condition are essential. This study aimed to evaluate yoga or mindfulness interventions on diabetic subjects. This study was a scoping review analysing qualitative-quantitative data from selected randomised controlled trials (12 on mindfulness, 9 on yoga, and 1 combining both disciplines). Results showed that yoga and mindfulness showed strong potential not only for stress management but also for improving clinical-metabolic parameters. In fact, practicing yoga was associated with better glycaemic control, lipid profiles, and overall body composition in adult diabetic patients. Authors concluded that alternative practices such as yoga and mindfulness could support traditional treatments and promote a holistic approach to self-care of diabetes.
Abstract
BACKGROUND About one in 11 adults worldwide suffers from diabetic disease with constantly increasing prevalence; from the 529 million patients registered in 2021, the number of people with diabetes was predicted to rise to approximately 1.31 billion in 2050. In Italy, 5.9% of the population is diabetic, with a higher prevalence with increasing age and in the South of the country. Yoga and Mindfulness could represent a valid support for the care of diabetic subjects especially in a stressful caring context such as the Covid-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN A scoping review was conducted to achieve the goals of the study. Yoga or Mindfulness interventions on diabetic subjects were specifically analyzed and qualitative-quantitative data collected in the selected randomized controlled trials were extensive for possible meta-analysis. METHODS The review was conducted by two independent practitioners and a third one was consulted in case of conflict. The PRISMA method was used for both the selection and reporting of the studies to be included. Specific PICOS and search strategies have been developed on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Included in the review were: randomised controlled trials, full dissertation articles and papers in English with a time limit on May 31, 2022. RESULTS The Review included 22 studies; 12 on Mindfulness, 9 on Yoga and one about both disciplines; among these, one studied patients with Type 1 Diabetes, 14 with Type 2 Diabetes, 6 with both and one with Gestational Diabetes. Only one paper studied adolescent subjects while the other 21 focused on a range of adult subjects. The studies showed that Yoga and Mindfulness have strong potential not only on stress management, but also on clinical-metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS The recent Covid-19 pandemic has certainly redesigned a new way of treating and managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes. An increasingly fragile population, and with the growing need to reduce overall stress levels, could find alternative practices in Yoga and Mindfulness to support conventional therapies.
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The Influence of a Polyphenol-Rich Red Berry Fruit Juice on Recovery Process and Leg Strength Capacity after Six Days of Intensive Endurance Exercise in Recreational Endurance Athletes.
Valder, S, Habersatter, E, Kostov, T, Quenzer, S, Herzig, L, von Bernuth, J, Matits, L, Herdegen, V, Diel, P, Isenmann, E
Nutrients. 2024;16(10)
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Physical activity can lead to a shift in physiological homeostasis. Depending on the exercise intensity, volume, and load, exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species accumulation can occur. This study aimed to investigate whether a red fruit juice drink with a chokeberry content of 25% and the associated polyphenol intake could already be an adequate natural sports beverage impacting exercise-induced muscle damage and strength in the lower body. This study was a randomised, double-blind trial with a crossover design. Eighteen recreational endurance athletes were enrolled for the study, and they were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: placebo or intervention group. Results showed that the designed endurance training protocol significantly increased creatine kinase (CK) [blood marker] serum concentration without sex differences, and there was repetitive loading training stimulation. However, the intake of the study beverages showed no significant effects on CK concentration. Authors concluded that their findings provide valuable insights into the complex interactions of polyphenol intake and exercise on athletes’ physiological responses during intensive endurance training, encouraging further exploration and methodological refinement in understanding the impact of polyphenols in athletes.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various nutritional strategies are increasingly used in sports to reduce oxidative stress and promote recovery. Chokeberry is rich in polyphenols and can reduce oxidative stress. Consequently, chokeberry juices and mixed juices with chokeberry content are increasingly used in sports. However, the data are very limited. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the short-term supplementation of a red fruit juice drink with chokeberry content or a placebo on muscle damage, oxidative status, and leg strength during a six-day intense endurance protocol. METHODS Eighteen recreational endurance athletes participated in a cross-over high intensity interval training (HIIT) design, receiving either juice or a placebo. Baseline and post-exercise assessments included blood samples, anthropometric data, and leg strength measurements. RESULTS A significant increase was measured in muscle damage following the endurance protocol in all participants (∆ CK juice: 117.12 ± 191.75 U/L, ∆ CK placebo: 164.35 ± 267.00 U/L; p = 0.001, η2 = 0.17). No group effects were detected in exercise-induced muscle damage (p = 0.371, η2 = 0.010) and oxidative status (p = 0.632, η2 = 0.000). The reduction in strength was stronger in the placebo group, but group effects are missing statistical significance (∆ e1RM juice: 1.34 ± 9.26 kg, ∆ e1RM placebo: -3.33 ± 11.49 kg; p = 0.988, η2 = 0.000). CONCLUSION Although a reduction in strength can be interpreted for the placebo treatment, no statistically significant influence of chokeberry could be determined. It appears that potential effects may only occur with prolonged application and a higher content of polyphenols, but further research is needed to confirm this.
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Effects of a Dietary Microalgae (Arthrospira platensis) Supplement on Stress, Well-Being, and Performance in Water Polo Players: A Clinical Case Series.
La Mantia, I, Maniaci, A, Scibilia, G, Scollo, P
Nutrients. 2024;16(15)
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Dietary supplementation has become a popular strategy among athletes to enhance physical performance, reduce fatigue, and accelerate recovery. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a blue-green microalga, has gained attention due to its high protein content, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant properties. The primary aim was to investigate the impact of the spirulina and copper supplement on stress, well-being, and performance in water polo players. This study was a clinical case series involving 20 male water polo players. The participants were divided into two groups: one group received the spirulina supplement, while the other group received a placebo. Results showed that the spirulina group showed a significant increase in their Athlete’s Subjective Performance Scale (ASPS) scores from baseline to follow-up, compared to the placebo group, which saw a slight decrease. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between spirulina supplementation and reduced severity of ASPS scores. However, the levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), a biomarker for muscle damage, showed only slight differences from baseline to follow-up in the spirulina group. The authors concluded that a dietary supplement containing spirulina and copper may improve subjective performance measures and reduce muscular tension in water polo players. However, larger, randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common tactic used by athletes to improve performance, lessen tiredness, and hasten recovery is dietary supplementation. We aimed to assess the role of a microalgae dietary liquid supplement additivated with Copper 22.5% NRV in water polo players' performance. METHODS Twenty male water polo players were split into two groups: ten (spirulina group) took a twice-daily nutritional supplement containing 15 mL of spirulina liquid extract (titrated in Phycocyanin 1 mg/mL) and additivated with Copper 22.5% NRV for eight weeks, and ten (the placebo group) did not take the supplement. Subjective evaluations were finished using the Athlete's Subjective Performance Scale (ASPS). Levels of the biomarker creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were also assessed. RESULTS The spirulina group's mean total ASPS score increased significantly from baseline to follow-up and was significantly better than that of the placebo group (p < 0.001). Conversely, ASPS ratings in the placebo group slightly decreased. A positive correlation between spirulina supplementation and less severe ASPS was found using correlation matrix analysis. However, there was a slight difference in CPK levels from the baseline to the follow-up in the spirulina group. CONCLUSIONS A dietary supplement comprising spirulina and copper may help water polo players' subjective performance measurements by lowering muscular tension. Larger, randomized controlled trials are yet required.
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The Influence of a blend of Probiotic Lactobacillus and Prebiotic Inulin on the Duration and Severity of Symptoms among Individuals with Covid-19
Gavin Publishers is an international open access journal publishers. We publish research, review, mini review, case report, case series, editorial, short communication, opinion, perspective, rapid communication, commentary, and brief report peer reviewed articles in best Clinical, Medical, Pharma, Life Sciences, and Engineering Subject Journals. All our journals are Double Blind Peer Reviewed Journals and our website have more than 10 Million readers, all papers publishing in our Journals are globally accepted. Our conferences have more than 5000 renowned Speakers combined in an event with interactive sessions and Poster presentations. Gavin Publishers is combination of Journals and Conferences, currently we are publishing articles in more than 150+ best Journals and organizing 100 Conferences all over the world. Our open access journals committed to disseminating top notch academic research and academic journals throughout the world covering various disciplines of science, technology and medicine.
2024
Abstract
Gut microbial irregularities can lead to increased gut inflammation and gut membrane damage in people with long covid. Symptoms such as cough and breathlessness are apparent in Covid 19 patients with harmful gut bacterial overgrowth. In Covid patients, antibiotic and dexamethasone treatment also aggravates gut microbial imbalances. Lactobacillus supplementation has been shown to lessen upper respiratory tract infection, increase gut bacterial diversity, improve gut wall integrity, reduce gastrointestinal symptoms and gut inflammation, decrease oxidative stress and improve immunity. This study analysed the efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics combined supplements in reducing the severity and longevity of symptomatic Covid infection. 126 participants with Covid symptoms consumed two capsules a day for a month of a supplement containing 5 species of Lactobacillus and chicory inulin. 32% of participants were in the early phase of infection, and 68% were in the late phase. Both early and late phase participants showed significant improvements in cough, fatigue, and subjective wellbeing after 30 days of intervention. The gut symptoms of 82% of the participants improved after a month of intervention. Inulin and Lactobacillus strains need to be studied further robustly to determine whether they provide additional benefits. Healthcare practitioners can use the results of this study to consider symbiotic interventions for those with Covid symptoms.
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9.
T2DM and the Microbiome - NED Infobite
Infobite 46_January 2024. Summaries of key research on type 2 diabetes mellitus and the microbiome
2024
Abstract
Accumulating studies have shown a strong correlation between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the gut microbiome. This NED Infobite includes studies comparing probiotics and glucose-lowering drugs, the effects or probiotics and synbiotics on inflammation and oxidative stress in T2DM subjects, as well as the impacts of dietary interventions on gut bacterial profiles in those with dysregulated blood glucose markers. BANT's scientific NED InfoBites are designed to provide key elements of the latest research using plain language. They provide quick overviews on particular health issues and nutrition topics for a speedy introduction to the science. Visually attractive and easily shareable with clients and social media followers.
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10.
Polyphenol supplementation and executive functioning in overweight and obese adults at risk of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Farag, S, Tsang, C, Murphy, PN
PloS one. 2023;18(5):e0286143
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It is recognised that overweight and obesity pose an increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic disease, and increasing evidence indicates a link to cognitive impairment associated with early onset dementia in such populations. This study's aim was to elaborate on existing knowledge of the effectiveness or otherwise of polyphenols in general to improve executive function (EFs) in an obese/ overweight population at risk of cognitive impairment. This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of twenty-three randomised controlled trials. Results showed a nonsignificant effect of polyphenols on EFs. Authors concluded that further research should consider investigating polyphenols supplementation in a younger population at risk of cognitive impairment.
Expert Review
Conflicts of interest:
None
Take Home Message:
- Overweight and obesity have increasing evidence that indicates a link to compromised executive functions such as memory and decision-making processes and cognitive impairment
- This meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions among overweight and/or obese populations with a susceptibility to cognitive impairment.
Evidence Category:
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A: Meta-analyses, position-stands, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs)
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X
B: Systematic reviews including RCTs of limited number
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C: Non-randomized trials, observational studies, narrative reviews
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D: Case-reports, evidence-based clinical findings
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E: Opinion piece, other
Summary Review:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to investigate the impact of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions (cognitive functions which constitute part of the working memory and decision-making processes) among overweight and/or obese populations.
Method:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and the Cochrane Trials Library. Inclusion criteria encompassed primary research studies which investigated the impact of polyphenols versus placebo on executive function in overweight or obese adults.
The review comprised a total of 23 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), incorporating a participant pool of N = 1,976 individuals. The mean ages of participants in all 23 studies receiving polyphenol supplementation were 62.92 years (SD = 8.06 years) and the mean BMIs ranged from 25.5 kg/m2 to 33.7 kg/m2. Various dietary polyphenols were investigated in the studies, with the main groups being isoflavones, flavonoids, resveratrol, phenolic acid, curcumin, walnuts and blueberry powder.
- The JADAD scale was employed to assess the methodological quality of the incorporated studies
- Hedges g, accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CI) for endpoints, was computed utilising a random effects model whenever applicable
- Various statistical methods were considered for potential application in evaluating publication bias
- Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the obtained results.
Results
- Meta analysis of the 23 primary studies produced a non-significant effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive function (g = 0.076, CI = -0.018 to 0.170)
- A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel study reported significant benefits in 60 participants (mean age 67 years) taking 80mg of curcumin over placebo for digital vigilance and serial subtraction tasks (p=0.041)
- A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel intervention trial showed significant benefits in 79 patients (mean age of 61 years) taking 150mg of resveratrol for visuospatial working memory double span and trail making test (p= 0.012).
Conclusion:
This meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions among overweight and/or obese populations.
Clinical practice applications:
- Research has documented the association between compromised executive functions and obesity/overweight, emphasising neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as potential mechanisms
- A plausible intervention involves the utilisation of polyphenols, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions
- A potential beneficial impact for 80mg of curcumin and 150mg of resveratrol was revealed in younger populations (mean ages of 67 and 61 years).
Considerations for future research:
- A potential beneficial impact of 80mg of curcumin and 150mg of resveratrol supplementation was revealed in a younger population (mean ages of 67 and 61 years), highlighting the necessity for in-depth exploration in subsequent studies
- The diversity in tasks employed for assessing executive functions and the comprehensive reporting of the phenolic composition of supplements had limitations that warrant consideration in future research
- The exact constituent and dose of supplementation needs to be described as this is necessary for the identification of the potential beneficial compounds for cognitive health and to support clinical practice.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence indicates a link between obesity and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there is limited literature regarding the effect of polyphenols, a plant derived compounds, on executive functioning in an overweight/obese population at-risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is to examine the effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions in overweight and/or obese populations at risk of cognitive impairment. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to March 2023 using four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane trials library. Published primary research studies in English that compared the effect of polyphenols with placebo on executive function in overweight/obese adults were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. Jadad scale was used for the methodological quality rating of the included studies. Hedges g with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for endpoints were calculated using random effect model where applicable. Rosenthal's Fail-safe N, funnel plots, the Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test (Kendall's S statistic P-Q), Egger's linear regression test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill test were identified for potential use as appropriate, to examine publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A total of 23 RCT studies involving N = 1,976 participants were included in the review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect for polyphenol supplementation on executive function (g = 0.076, CI = -0.018 to 0.170). Observations from primary studies within the meta-analysis showed a potential positive effect of polyphenol supplementation in a younger population at-risk of cognitive impairment and it is recommended to investigate this further in future studies. Moreover, the variability of the tasks used to examine executive functions as well as the adequate reporting of supplement's phenolic composition is a limitation that future work should also consider.