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Comparison between the plantar pressure effects of toe separators and insoles in patients with hallux valgus at a one-month follow-up.
Dissaneewate, T, Na Rungsri, T, Cheunchokasan, P, Leelasamran, W
Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2022;(1):93-99
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various designs of foot orthoses for hallux valgus have been developed to reduce foot pain. The plantar pressure assessment can determine the better intervention. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of plantar pressure distribution in patients with hallux valgus during walking with toe separator and insole. METHOD Patients with hallux valgus were randomized into one of two interventions: prefabricated toe separator or customized insole. The plantar pressure distribution of the participants was measured during walking with the devices after use for one month with an in-shoe measurement system. RESULTS Twenty-three participants were analyzed. After 1-month, significant peak pressures and pressure-time integral reductions were observed during walking in the middle forefoot (64.28 kPa and 28.97 kPa s, respectively) and lateral forefoot regions (54.03 kPa and 22.30 kPa s, respectively) after insole use compared with a toe separator. CONCLUSIONS After one month of use, the customized insole was more effective in plantar pressure reduction than the toe separator for a hallux deformity.
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Psychoneuroendocrinological effects of music therapy versus mindfulness in palliative care: results from the 'Song of Life' randomized controlled trial.
Koehler, F, Kessler, J, Stoffel, M, Weber, M, Bardenheuer, HJ, Ditzen, B, Warth, M
Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2022;(1):625-634
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Abstract
PURPOSE Although research on psychosocial interventions in palliative care provided evidence for their effectiveness regarding patient-reported outcomes, few studies have examined their psychobiological effects yet. Therefore, the purpose of the present work as part of an overarching study was to investigate differential effects of music therapy versus mindfulness on subjective distress and both neuroendocrine and autonomic stress biomarkers. METHODS A total of 104 patients from two palliative care units were randomly assigned to three sessions of either music therapy or mindfulness. Before and after the second session (completed by 89 patients), participants rated their momentary distress and provided three saliva samples for cortisol and α-amylase analysis. Furthermore, photoplethysmography recordings were continuously assessed to calculate mean heart rate and heart rate variability. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling of all available data and sensitivity analysis with multiply imputed data. RESULTS Between 67 and 75% of the maximally available data points were included in the primary analyses of psychobiological outcomes. Results showed a significant time*treatment effect on distress (b = - 0.83, p = .02) indicating a greater reduction in the music therapy group. No interaction effects were found in psychobiological outcomes (all p > .05), but multilevel models revealed a significant reduction in cortisol (b = - 0.06, p = .01) and mean heart rate (b = - 7.89, p = .05) over time following either intervention. CONCLUSION Findings suggest a beneficial effect music therapy on distress while no differential psychobiological treatment effects were found. Future studies should continue to investigate optimal stress biomarkers for psychosocial palliative care research. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS)-DRKS00015308 (date of registration: September 7, 2018).
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Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males.
Abonie, US, Albada, T, Morrien, F, van der Woude, L, Hettinga, F
International journal of sports medicine. 2022;(1):46-54
Abstract
The effect of an upper body resistance training program on maximal and submaximal handcycling performance in able-bodied males was explored. Eighteen able-bodied men were randomly assigned to a training group (TG: n=10) and a control group (CG: n=8). TG received 7 weeks of upper body resistance training (60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 3×10 repetitions, 6 exercise stations, 2 times per week). CG received no training. Peak values for oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), power output (POpeak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (V˙OEpeak) and respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), submaximal values (HR, V˙O2, RER, PO, and gross mechanical efficiency (GE)), and time to exhaustion (TTE) were determined in an incremental test pre- and post-training. Maximal isokinetic arm strength and 1RM tests were conducted. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were performed to examine the effect of time, group and its interaction (p<0.05). TG improved on POpeak (8.55%), TTE (10.73%), and 1RM (12.28-38.98%). RPE at the same stage during pre- and post-test was lower during the post-test (8.17%). Despite no improvements in V˙O2peak, training improved POpeak, muscular strength, and TTE. Upper body resistance training has the potential to improve handcycling performance.
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Longitudinal effect of nutritional intervention on body weight: A randomized controlled trial.
Lopes, ACS, Lopes, MS, Duarte, CK, de Freitas, PP
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2022;:111436
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates, in the medium and long term (12, 36, and 48 mo), the effect of an intervention to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables on the body weight of Brazilian primary health care users. METHODS A follow-up with participants (n = 3414) in a controlled randomized trial was performed in a primary health care service. Those in the control group performed the service's usual intervention (guided physical exercise 3 times/wk), and those in the intervention group additionally participated for 7 mo in collective activities to promote consumption of fruit and vegetables. Sociodemographic, health, and body weight data were collected by face-to-face interview at baseline and after 12 mo. At 36 and 48 mo, weight was obtained by telephone interview and was validated. Adherence to the intervention was assessed by the presence of the actions. Weight change (Δ) was measured by subtracting the weight at each follow-up time from the baseline measurement. RESULTS Participants in both groups had a minor weight loss of about 0.1 kg over 12, 36, and 48 mo. The addition of an intervention for consumption of fruit and vegetables did not enhance this effect. Higher weight loss was observed in individuals with obesity classes II and III with low adherence in the intervention and after 36 mo (Δ = -27.1 kg; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Participating in the primary health care service contributed to a small reduction in weight, and the intervention for consumption of fruit and vegetables did not enhance this effect. However, greater weight loss was observed in participants with obesity and those who adhered to the intervention.
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Acute Capsaicin Supplementation Improved Resistance Exercise Performance Performed After a High-Intensity Intermittent Running in Resistance-Trained Men.
de Freitas, MC, Cholewa, JM, Panissa, VLG, Toloi, GG, Netto, HC, Zanini de Freitas, C, Freire, RV, Lira, FS, Rossi, FE
Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2022;(1):130-134
Abstract
ABSTRACT de Freitas, MC, Cholewa, JM, Panissa, VLG, Toloi, GG, Netto, HC, Zanini de Freitas, C, Freire, RV, Lira, FS, and Rossi, FE. Acute capsaicin supplementation improved resistance exercise performance performed after a high-intensity intermittent running in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 130-134, 2022-We sought to investigate the acute effects of capsaicin supplementation on the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate during high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and resistance exercise performance executed after HIIE in resistance-trained men. Eleven resistance-trained men completed 2 randomized, double-blind trials: capsaicin condition or a placebo condition. The concurrent exercise session was composed of a 5-km intermittent run (1:1 effort and passive recovery ratio) and subsequent resistance exercise (4 × 70% of 1RM until muscle failure in the half-squat exercise). Heart rate was recorded during HIIE and after the protocol RPE (0-10 scale) was accessed. The resistance exercise performance was analyzed by the maximum number of repetitions performed for each set and the total volume (repetitions × weight lifted). During HIIE, the RPE (capsaicin = 7 ± 1 vs. placebo = 8 ± 1 points, t = -3.674, p = 0.005) and mean heart rate (capsaicin = 153 ± 13 vs. placebo = 158 ± 12 bpm, t = -2.292, p = 0.048) were significantly lower in the capsaicin compared with placebo condition. For subsequent resistance exercise, there was a significant decrease in volume across time (F = 19.889, p < 0.001, η2= 0.69) with maximal number of repetitions performed in capsaicin than placebo condition (2,077.6 ± 465.2 kg vs. 1,838.9 ± 624.1 kg, p = 0.028, d = 0.43), but the condition vs. set was not significant (F = 0.582, p = 0.632, η2= 0.06). Acute capsaicin supplementation induced a lower mean heart rate and RPE during HIIE and improved subsequent resistance exercise performance in resistance-trained men.
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Effects of Massage and Cold Water Immersion After an Exhaustive Run on Running Economy and Biomechanics: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Duñabeitia, I, Arrieta, H, Rodriguez-Larrad, A, Gil, J, Esain, I, Gil, SM, Irazusta, J, Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I
Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2022;(1):149-155
Abstract
ABSTRACT Duñabeitia, I, Arrieta, H, Rodriguez-Larrad, A, Gil, J, Esain, I, Gil, SM, Irazusta, J, and Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I. Effects of massage and cold water immersion after an exhaustive run on running economy and biomechanics: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 149-155, 2022-This study compares the effects of 2 common recovery interventions performed shortly after an exhausting interval running session on running economy (RE) and biomechanics. Forty-eight well-trained male runners performed an exhaustive interval running protocol and an incremental treadmill test 24 hours later at 3 speeds: 12, 14, and 16 km·h-1. Subjects randomly received either massage, cold water immersion (CWI), or passive rest (control). Runners repeated the treadmill test 48 hours after the first test. A two-way mixed analysis of variance was performed comparing groups and testing times. The massage group had significantly better recovery than the control group at 14 km·h-1 in RE (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.176) and greater stride height and angle changes at 16 km·h-1 (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.166 and p < 0.05; η2 = 0.208, respectively). No differences were observed between the CWI and control groups. The massage group had greater stride height and angle changes at 16 km·h-1 than the CWI group (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.139 and p < 0.05; η2 = 0.168, respectively). Moreover, differences in magnitude suggested moderate effects on RE (η2 = 0.076) and swing time (η2 = 0.110). These results suggest that massage intervention promotes faster recovery of RE and running biomechanics than CWI or passive rest.
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Relationships Between Dietary Intake and Weight-Related Experiential Avoidance Following Behavioral Weight-Loss Treatment.
Wooldridge, JS, Blanco, BH, Dochat, C, Herbert, MS, Godfrey, KM, Salamat, J, Afari, N
International journal of behavioral medicine. 2022;(1):104-109
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions targeting weight-related experiential avoidance (EA) and disinhibited eating (DE) may also improve diet quality. Participants with overweight/obesity and DE who recently completed a behavioral weight-loss program were randomized to receive acceptance and commitment therapy or continued behavioral weight-loss treatment. In this secondary analysis, we explored (1) change in diet quality from baseline to 6-month follow-up (FU) and (2) whether weight-related EA at baseline and (3) change in weight-related EA during treatment were related to change in diet quality from baseline to FU. METHOD Veterans (N = 68) completed food frequency questionnaires at baseline and FU, which were used to generate diet quality scores on the healthy eating index-15 (HEI-15). Weight-related EA was assessed using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties-Revised (AAQW-R) at baseline, post-treatment, and FU. Aims were examined with mixed ANOVA analyses. RESULTS Across both treatment groups, HEI-15 scores declined from baseline to FU. Women's HEI-15 decreased by about 5 times that of men. Baseline AAWQ-R was negatively associated with change in HEI-15. Neither AAWQ-R at post-treatment nor change in AAQW-R from baseline to post-treatment was significantly associated with change in HEI-15 at FU. CONCLUSIONS Greater weight-related EA at baseline was associated with lower diet quality at FU, but change in weight-related EA during treatment did not predict change in diet quality at FU. Interventions targeting DE and weight-loss may require specific components to improve and sustain healthy dietary intake in Veterans with obesity and DE.
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Effects of wearing a cloth face mask on performance, physiological and perceptual responses during a graded treadmill running exercise test.
Driver, S, Reynolds, M, Brown, K, Vingren, JL, Hill, DW, Bennett, M, Gilliland, T, McShan, E, Callender, L, Reynolds, E, et al
British journal of sports medicine. 2022;(2):107-113
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OBJECTIVES To (1) determine if wearing a cloth face mask significantly affected exercise performance and associated physiological responses, and (2) describe perceptual measures of effort and participants' experiences while wearing a face mask during a maximal treadmill test. METHODS Randomised controlled trial of healthy adults aged 18-29 years. Participants completed two (with and without a cloth face mask) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) on a treadmill following the Bruce protocol. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, exertion and shortness of breath were measured. Descriptive data and physical activity history were collected pretrial; perceptions of wearing face masks and experiential data were gathered immediately following the masked trial. RESULTS The final sample included 31 adults (age=23.2±3.1 years; 14 women/17 men). Data indicated that wearing a cloth face mask led to a significant reduction in exercise time (-01:39±01:19 min/sec, p<0.001), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (-818±552 mL/min, p<0.001), minute ventilation (-45.2±20.3 L/min), maximal heart rate (-8.4±17.0 beats per minute, p<0.01) and increased dyspnoea (1.7±2.9, p<0.001). Our data also suggest that differences in SpO2 and rating of perceived exertion existed between the different stages of the CPET as participant's exercise intensity increased. No significant differences were found between conditions after the 7-minute recovery period. CONCLUSION Cloth face masks led to a 14% reduction in exercise time and 29% decrease in VO2max, attributed to perceived discomfort associated with mask-wearing. Compared with no mask, participants reported feeling increasingly short of breath and claustrophobic at higher exercise intensities while wearing a cloth face mask. Coaches, trainers and athletes should consider modifying the frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise when wearing a cloth face mask.
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Effects of a Weight and Pain Management Program in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Investigation.
Somers, TJ, Blumenthal, JA, Dorfman, CS, Huffman, KM, Edmond, SN, Miller, SN, Wren, AA, Caldwell, D, Keefe, FJ
Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases. 2022;(1):7-13
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with poor outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Effective weight management is imperative. Although traditional lifestyle behavioral weight loss programs have demonstrated efficacy for reducing weight, these interventions do not meet the pain-related weight loss challenges of RA patients with obesity. OBJECTIVE A 12-session group program (90 minutes per session) was developed integrating pain coping skills training into a lifestyle behavioral weight loss intervention. In addition to the weekly group sessions, participants engaged in supervised exercise sessions 3 times per week. METHODS Through a small, pilot randomized trial, 50 participants were randomized to receive the intervention (n = 29) or standard care of RA (n = 21). Feasibility data (i.e., accrual, attrition, adherence) was examined using descriptive statistics (e.g., percent). We examined patterns of change in study outcomes from baseline to follow-up separately for the intervention and standard care arms using descriptive statistics and paired t tests. Effect sizes are also presented. RESULTS Of those randomized to the intervention group,79.3% initiated treatment, with participants attending 74.3% of group skills sessions and 64.2% of exercise sessions. Intervention participants evidenced reductions in weight (mean, -2.28 kg) and waist circumference (mean, -4.76 cm) and improvements in physical functioning, eating behaviors, pain, and self-efficacy for weight control. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that incorporating a combined pain coping skills training and behavioral weight loss intervention into medical management of RA may improve outcomes. Study accrual and attrition, as well as intervention adherence, will inform future, larger randomized efficacy trials of the intervention.Retrospectively registered: January 29, 2020, NCT04246827.
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The effects of gluteus medius and tibialis anterior kinesio taping on postural control, knee kinematics, and knee proprioception in female athletes with dynamic knee valgus.
Saki, F, Romiani, H, Ziya, M, Gheidi, N
Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine. 2022;:84-90
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on postural control, kinematics, and knee proprioception in female athletes with dynamic knee valgus (DKV). DESIGN a single-blind randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS 40 female athletes between the age of 18 and 28 years with DKV in single-leg drop landing (>13°) participated in this study. They were randomly classified into the Kinesio taping (KT) and placebo control (PC) groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All the evaluations and measurements were performed on each subject in the pre-test and post-test stages (with an interval of 72 h). The dynamic balance (Y balance test), proprioception (Knee position sense error), and knee kinematics (flexion and DKV angles) of the subjects were measured, prior and post gluteus medius and tibialis anterior KT. RESULTS The results of study demonstrate that the DKV angle and knee position sense error significantly decreased and YBT increased in the KT group from pre-test to post-test (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in knee flexion angle (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicated that KT improves dynamic balance and proprioception and reduces the DKV angle. Therefore, KT is recommended for female athletes with DKV.
