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Could SGLT2 inhibitors improve outcomes in patients with heart failure and significant valvular heart disease? Need for action.
Kamperidis, V, Anastasiou, V, Ziakas, A
Heart failure reviews. 2025;(2):353-356
Abstract
Delivering valvular intervention for all eligible patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) in a timely manner remains a challenge. Therefore, a high number of patients with heart failure (HF) and VHD receive pharmacotherapy while awaiting intervention or as destination therapy if they are deemed inoperable. The sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended with a class I indication for patients with chronic HF throughout the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. However, all randomized trials of SGLT2i in HF patients have consistently excluded patients with significant VHD. Considering the proven benefit of SGLT2i for stable outpatients and acutely hospitalized patients with HF, SGLT2i could potentially be used for patients with HF secondary to significant VHD. This article highlights the unmet need to produce robust clinical evidence for the pharmacological management of patients with HF and significant VHD while summarizing the potential benefit from SGLT2i in the management of these patients.
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Lights, location, action: shade avoidance signalling over spatial scales.
Gautrat, P, Matton, SEA, Oskam, L, Shetty, SS, van der Velde, KJ, Pierik, R
Journal of experimental botany. 2025;(3):695-711
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Abstract
Plants growing in dense vegetation need to flexibly position their photosynthetic organs to ensure optimal light capture in a competitive environment. They do so through a suite of developmental responses referred to as the shade avoidance syndrome. Below ground, root development is also adjusted in response to above-ground neighbour proximity. Canopies are dynamic and complex environments with heterogeneous light cues in the far-red, red, blue, and UV spectrum, which can be perceived by photoreceptors in spatially separated plant tissues. Molecular regulation of plant architecture adjustment via PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR transcription factors and growth-related hormones such as auxin, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, and abscisic acid were historically studied without much attention to spatial or tissue-specific context. Recent developments and technologies have, however, sparked strong interest in spatially explicit understanding of shade avoidance regulation. Other environmental factors such as temperature and nutrient availability interact with the molecular shade avoidance regulation network, often depending on the spatial location of the signals, and the responding organs. Here, we review recent advances in how plants respond to heterogeneous light cues and integrate these with other environmental signals.
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Mini review of plant products as food supplement against MSG-induced liver injury: antioxidant, oxidative stress and histological prospects.
Kasmara, DP, Abdullah, E, Harun, Z, Sari, FN, Abd Rashid, N, Teoh, SL
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2025;:1522814
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is an odorless white solid crystalline derived from the amino acid glutamic acid. It is widely used as a flavor enhancer, but its excessive consumption has been associated with toxicity to various organs. In MSG-induced liver injury, few mechanisms have been identified, which started with the generation of reactive oxygen species that leads to oxidative stress which further causes liver injury. In response to this health concern, there is growing interest in various plant products such as plant extracts, flavonoids and phenolic compounds that were able to minimize oxidative stress, serum transaminases and scavenge free radicals in the liver after MSG administration. This review explores the potential of various plant products as dietary supplements to MSG-induced liver injury, focusing on their antioxidant activities, modulatory effects on liver function markers, and histological outcomes. By compiling this evidence, this review provides insights into their potential as preventive strategies against MSG-related liver toxicity, supporting their inclusion in dietary regimens for the maintenance of liver function.
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The significance of exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the metastasis of colorectal cancer and development of therapy resistance.
Farzam, OR, Eslami, S, Jafarizadeh, A, Alamdari, SG, Dabbaghipour, R, Nobari, SA, Baradaran, B
Gene. 2025;:149141
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a common type of carcinoma with significant mortality rates globally. A primary factor contributing to the unfavorable treatment outcomes and reduced survival rates in CRC patients is the occurrence of metastasis. Various intricate molecular mechanisms are implicated in the metastatic process, leading to mortality among individuals with CRC. In the realm of intercellular communication, exosomes, which are a form of extracellular vesicle (EV), play an essential role. These vesicles act as conduits for information exchange between cells and originate from multiple sources. By fostering a microenvironment conducive to CRC progression, exosomes and EVs significantly influence the advancement of the disease. They contain a diverse array of molecules, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, lipids, and transcription factors. Notably, ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are prominently featured within exosomes. These ncRNAs have the capacity to regulate various critical molecules or signaling pathways, particularly those associated with tumor metastasis, thereby playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Their presence indicates a substantial potential to affect vital aspects of tumor progression, including proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. This research aims to categorize exosomal ncRNAs and examine their functions in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, it investigates the clinical applicability of novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in CRC. Abbreviations: ncRNAs, non-coding RNAs; CRC, Colorectal cancer; EV, extracellular vesicle; mRNAs, messenger RNAs; miRNAs, microRNAs; lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs; circRNAs, circular RNAs; HOTTIP, HOXA transcript at the distal tip; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; OX, Oxaliplatin; PDCD4, programmed cell death factor 4; Tregs, regulatory T cells; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; PFKFB3, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3; USP2, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2; TNM, tumor node metastasis; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; RASA1, RAS p21 protein activator 1; PDCD4, programmed cell death 4; ZBTB2, zinc finger and BTB domain containing 2; SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; TUBB3, β-III tubulin; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells.
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The Role and Mechanisms of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System-Mediated Ferroptosis in Neurological Disorders.
Liu, X, Wang, W, Nie, Q, Liu, X, Sun, L, Ma, Q, Zhang, J, Wei, Y
Neuroscience bulletin. 2025
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death elicited by an imbalance in intracellular iron concentrations, leading to enhanced lipid peroxidation. In neurological disorders, both oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage can contribute to ferroptosis, resulting in nerve cell dysfunction and death. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) refers to a cellular pathway in which specific proteins are tagged with ubiquitin for recognition and degradation by the proteasome. In neurological conditions, the UPS plays a significant role in regulating ferroptosis. In this review, we outline how the UPS regulates iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their interplay in neurological diseases. In addition, we discuss the future application of small-molecule inhibitors and identify potential drug targets. Further investigation into the mechanisms of UPS-mediated ferroptosis will provide novel insights and strategies for therapeutic interventions and clinical applications in neurological diseases.
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Tele-exercise in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on fatigue, depression, and overall health.
Najafi, P, Motl, RW, Moghadasi, M
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. 2025;:106225
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) profoundly influences fatigue, depression, various physical and mental symptoms, and quality of life (QoL). Rehabilitation, including exercise training, has improved outcomes of MS, yet is often undertaken in facilities with direct supervision which present substantial barriers for accessibility and scalability. The delivery of exercise remotely via technology (tele-exercise) might overcome those barriers and improve outcomes in MS. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of tele-exercise for improving fatigue, depression, and overall health outcomes in MS patients. METHOD We undertook a comprehensive literature search across 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and EMBASE) from inception through February 2024. Three reviewers screened all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and assessed quality, and two reviewers extracted data. The meta-analysis used standardized mean difference (SMD) with Hedges' g method, a random effects model adjusted by Hartung-Knapp, and assessed heterogeneity (I² statistic), weighted studies (inverse variance), and evaluated publication bias (Begg's funnel plot and linear regression test). RESULT We located 13 RCTs for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Tele-exercise interventions demonstrated significant improvements across all outcomes: depression (SMD=-0.51, p < 0.001), fatigue (SMD=-0.58, p = 0.01), physical health (SMD=0.62, p = 0.001), QoL (SMD=0.38, p = 0.02), and mental health (SMD=-0.48, p = 0.001). Mind-Body Training consistently had larger effects than Combination Training. CONCLUSION Tele-exercise can improve fatigue, depression, mental and physical health, and overall QoL in MS patients. Further research is necessary to optimize tele-exercise protocols, assess long-term effects, and explore potential synergies with other intervention modalities such as telemedicine.
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Marine natural products as a source of novel anticancer drugs: an updated review (2019-2023).
El-Seedi, HR, Refaey, MS, Elias, N, El-Mallah, MF, Albaqami, FMK, Dergaa, I, Du, M, Salem, MF, Tahir, HE, Dagliaa, M, et al
Natural products and bioprospecting. 2025;(1):13
Abstract
Marine natural products have long been recognized as a vast and diverse source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology. This review provides an updated overview of the significant advances made in the discovery and development of marine-derived anticancer drugs between 2019 and 2023. With a focus on recent research findings, the review explores the rich biodiversity of marine organisms, including sponges, corals, algae, and microorganisms, which have yielded numerous compounds exhibiting promising anticancer properties. Emphasizing the multifaceted mechanisms of action, the review discusses the molecular targets and pathways targeted by these compounds, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, angiogenesis inhibition, and modulation of signaling pathways. Additionally, the review highlights the innovative strategies employed in the isolation, structural elucidation, and chemical modification of marine natural products to enhance their potency, selectivity, and pharmacological properties. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of marine-derived anticancer drugs, including issues related to supply, sustainability, synthesis, and clinical translation. Finally, the review underscores the immense potential of marine natural products as a valuable reservoir of novel anticancer agents and advocates for continued exploration and exploitation of the marine environment to address the unmet medical needs in cancer therapy.
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Identifying and Mapping Canadian Registered Dietitians' Perceptions and Knowledge of and Experiences with Weight-Related Evidence: A Scoping Review.
Waugh, R., Mireault, A., Rothfus, M.A., Gray, M., Mannette, J., Stoneman, S., Lee-Baggley, D., Lengyel, C., Norris, D., Snelgrove-Clarke, E., et al
Canadian journal of dietetic practice and research : a publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en dietetique : une publication des Dietetistes du Canada. 2025;:1-8
Abstract
In this scoping review, "weight-related evidence" is an umbrella for various terms, phrases, and ways in which weight, body size, fatness, and/or obesity present in research and dietetic practice. Canadian Registered Dietitians' perceptions of, experiences with, and/or knowledge of weight-related evidence in nutrition care was identified and mapped. Implementing JBI scoping review methodology, four databases were searched: (i) CINAHL (EBSCO); (ii) Medline (Ovid); (iii) Embase (Elsevier); and (iv) Scopus (Elsevier). Google and Bing were searched for grey literature. Three JBI-trained independent reviewers completed screening to extraction. Community consultation was conducted using the Delphi Method. Of 2217 results, 67 were included in the review (29 peer-reviewed; 38 grey). Identified frequencies were 67 examples of perception, 54 of experience, and 51 of knowledge. This review identified diverse definitions/perspectives of weight-related evidence, highlighting the benefits of continuing to discuss and explore this topic within and beyond dietetics. Weight-related evidence was identified in nutrition care in various settings, representing nutrition assessment, diagnoses, interventions, monitoring, and evaluation. Focused on dietetic research and practice, this work provides a foundation for future evaluation of dietitian-led intervention fidelity, utility, and effectiveness, using systematic review or other research designs. These Canadian findings can serve as a foundation for a global/international review.
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Understanding Hip Contact Stress Based on Types of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.
Prasetya, AIP, Ammarullah, MI, Winarni, TI, Pramono, A, Jamari, J, Kamarul, T, Syahrom, A
Health science reports. 2025;(1):e70305
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High contact stresses involving the hip have been shown to increase the risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (OA). Although several risk factors have been identified for OA, a holistic approach to predicting contributed factors toward increased hip contact stresses have not been explored. This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the effects of physical activity on high hip contact stress as predisposing factors of OA. METHODS The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42022296638 and conducted based on PRISMA guidelines. Full articles that matched our inclusion criteria were selected using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines and keywords such as "hip contact stress," "hip contact force," and/or "hip contact pressure." Category of factors, experimental design, results of the study, and evidence from each article were analyzed. RESULTS In total 7972 papers were screened, identified, and reviewed. Two independent authors read the collected fulltext of eligible articles resulting in 21 papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. CONCLUSION Types of physical activity (n = 21) have correlation with high hip joint contact stress in various manner. Based on the research findings obtained from various inclusion papers, it can be broadly concluded that the more intense the physical activity, such as running and stair climbing, the greater the impact on the increase in hip contact stress values. However, the reviewed studies vary in their methods. This finding suggested that this area is not well investigated and warrants future research.
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Fiber in enteral nutrition: why and what for?
Fernández, A, Toca, MDC, Vinderola, G, Sosa, P
Archivos argentinos de pediatria. 2025;(1):e202310274
Abstract
Enteral formulas containing fiber, designed to be administered orally or by gavage, have been used for decades. Although their indication in the pediatric population does not have a global consensus, knowledge about the benefits of using fiber to promote healthier microbiota has grown in recent years. Different fiber types' physicochemical characteristics (solubility, viscosity, fermentability) determine their functions. The impact of fiber use on preventing specific chronic pathologies (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes) has been reported in epidemiological studies. In controlled studies, changes in stool consistency, intestinal transit, and the composition and function of the microbiota have been observed since fiber produces fermentation metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, which improve metabolic and immunological aspects. Different pediatric pathologies could benefit from the use of fiber.