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High-fiber diet ameliorates gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood in type 2 diabetes patients.
Chen, L, Liu, B, Ren, L, Du, H, Fei, C, Qian, C, Li, B, Zhang, R, Liu, H, Li, Z, et al
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2023;13:1069954
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Accumulating studies have demonstrated that there are strong correlations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gut microbiota. A nutritious diet composed of an adequate level of dietary fibres could provide enough carbohydrates for the gut microbiota to ferment, and the microbial metabolites could provide energy supply and regulate the immune function of the host. The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM after consumption of a high-fibre diet. This study was a randomised, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial in T2DM patients with a 4-week treatment period. Seventeen patients clinically diagnosed with T2DM enrolled in the clinical trial and were randomly assigned into two groups: the control group (n = 8) or the intervention group (n = 9). Results showed that the high-fibre diet (compared to the control group): - improved glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism of participants with T2DM; - decreased serum levels of inflammatory chemokines in participants with T2DM; - alleviated depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly by the uptake of more diverse carbohydrates in the diet in participants with T2DM; - enhanced the diversity of gut microbiota in the treatment group. Authors conclude that the dietary source of fibre demonstrated protective impacts on the gut ecosystem, and the alteration of the gut microbiota composition improved the glucose homeostasis in patients with T2DM.
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often had the problems of fecal microbiota dysbiosis, and were usually accompanied with psychiatric comorbidities (such as depression and anxiety). Here, we conducted a randomized clinical study to analyze the changes in gut microbiota, serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM after consumption of a high-fiber diet. The glucose homeostasis of participants with T2DM was improved by the high-fiber diet, and the serum metabolome, systemic inflammation and psychiatric comorbidities were also altered. The increased abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansias revealed that the proportions of beneficial gut microbes were enriched by the high-fiber diet, while the abundances of Desulfovibrio, Klebsiella and other opportunistic pathogens were decreased. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota alterations which were influenced by the high-fiber diet could improve the serum metabolism and emotional mood of patients with T2DM.
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The Roles of Probiotics in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Outcomes in Asymptomatic Post-Gestational Diabetes Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Hasain, Z, Raja Ali, RA, Ahmad, HF, Abdul Rauf, UF, Oon, SF, Mokhtar, NM
Nutrients. 2022;14(18)
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) happens to some pregnant women during the second and third trimester of their pregnancy, increasing the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by 10-fold later in life. Aberrant changes to the gut microbial composition in pregnant gestational diabetic women are found to have a negative effect on the metabolism that may carry on to the postpartum period. On the other hand, probiotics may have a host metabolism modifying effect by reducing inflammation and gut dysbiosis in asymptomatic post-GDM women. This 12-week randomised, double-blinded, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial looked at the effect of probiotic supplementation on inflammatory and metabolic outcomes in asymptomatic post-GDM women. The one hundred and thirty-two participants were randomised to receive either a probiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium stains or a placebo. Participants in the probiotic group showed a significant improvement in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared to the placebo group. In addition, the probiotic supplementation led to an increase in Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Healthcare professionals can use the results of this study to understand the beneficial effects of probiotic supplements in post-GDM women. However, further robust studies are required to evaluate the functions of probiotic supplements in post-GDM women from different backgrounds.
Abstract
Probiotics are widely used as an adjuvant therapy in various diseases. Nonetheless, it is uncertain how they affect the gut microbiota composition and metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in women who have recently experienced gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 132 asymptomatic post-GDM women was conducted to close this gap (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05273073). The intervention (probiotics) group received a cocktail of six probiotic strains from Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received an identical sachet devoid of living microorganisms. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. After the 12-week intervention, the probiotics group's fasting blood glucose level significantly decreased (mean difference -0.20 mmol/L; p = 0.0021). The HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Sequencing data also demonstrated a large rise in the Bifidobacterium adolescentis following probiotic supplementation. Our findings suggest that multi-strain probiotics are beneficial for improved metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in post-GDM women by modulating gut dysbiosis. This study emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive strategy for postpartum treatment that includes probiotics to protect post-GDM women from developing glucose intolerance.
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Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.
Sergeev, IN, Aljutaily, T, Walton, G, Huarte, E
Nutrients. 2020;12(1)
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The gut microbiota plays a role in the development of obesity and associated diseases. Whilst energy-restricted, low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets can facilitate substantial weight-loss, they also have been linked to ill-effects and unfavourable changes in the gut microbiota from excess protein fermentation. Pro-and prebiotics (synbiotics) have become a promising intervention in the management of obesity. This small placebo-controlled clinical trial involved 20 obese adults following an energy-restricted (approx.950 kcal/day) low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. The study examined whether a supplementary synbiotic contributed to additional changes in body composition and metabolic biomarkers. The synbiotic contained Lactobacilli spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. and a prebiotic mixture of galactooligosaccharides. Overall, at the end of the 3-month trial, there was no remarkable difference between the groups. Both experienced a significant and decreasing trend in body mass, waist circumference, body mass index, fat mass, fat percentage, and glucose level, affirming the known benefits of the described weight-loss diet. However, the synbiotic supplementation group had a greater decrease in HbA1C and significant alterations in gut microbiota, showing an increased abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects. Due to the complexity of microbial species and host interactions, the authors advocate for more research to identify their significance and shed light on contradictory findings. This study identified that synbiotics may not contribute to additional changes in body composition when combined with an energy-restricted, low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet but they can offer additional health benefits by inducing favourable changes to the gut microbiota.
Abstract
Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-induced disruption of gut microbiota with synbiotics can be more effective than supplementation with probiotics alone because prebiotic components of synbiotics support the growth and survival of positive bacteria therein. The purpose of this placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on the composition, richness and diversity of gut microbiota and associations of microbial species with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity in human subjects participating in a weight loss program. The probiotic component of the synbiotic used in the study contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the prebiotic component was a galactooligosaccharide mixture. The results showed no statistically significant differences in body composition (body mass, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean mass, and bone mineral content) between the placebo and synbiotic groups at the end of the clinical trial (3-month intervention, 20 human subjects participating in weight loss intervention based on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, reduced energy diet). Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects, especially Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and it also appeared to increase the gut microbiota richness. A decreasing trend in the gut microbiota diversity in the placebo and synbiotic groups was observed at the end of trial, which may imply the effect of the high-protein low-carbohydrate diet used in the weight loss program. Regression analysis performed to correlate abundance of species following supplementation with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity found an association between a decrease over time in blood glucose and an increase in Lactobacillus abundance, particularly in the synbiotic group. However, the decrease over time in body mass, BMI, waist circumstance, and body fat mass was associated with a decrease in Bifidobacterium abundance. The results obtained support the conclusion that synbiotic supplement used in this clinical trial modulates human gut microbiota by increasing abundance of potentially beneficial microbial species.