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Healthy Lifestyle Is Associated with Reduced Mortality in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Yu, C, Gao, J, Ge, X, Wang, X, Ding, Y, Tian, T, Xu, X, Guo, W, Wang, Q, Ge, Z, et al
Nutrients. 2022;14(18)
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the predominant cause of chronic liver disease. Given the association between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome [11,12], lifestyle modification can improve patients’ life quality and prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the joint association of several modifiable lifestyle factors with overall and cause-specific mortality among NAFLD individuals and depict the mortality risk of varied composite modes of lifestyle. This study is a large, nationally representative, population-based study. It is based on the NHANES III (1988–1994, the National Center for Health Statistics, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention), which used a complex multistage probability design to recruit a representative sample of participants. Results show a protective effect among NAFLD participants following a healthy lifestyle, particularly impacting CVD-related mortality. Notably, among the most common lifestyle factor combinations, the effect of risk reduction on mortality was particularly strong when smoking was avoided. Authors conclude that their findings can be a useful tool to help the general public and patients with NAFLD to understand the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is unclear whether a healthy lifestyle impacts mortality in the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to examine the joint association of several modifiable lifestyle factors with mortality risk for NAFLD patients. METHODS We collected lifestyle behavior data form the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III from 1988 to 1994 and follow-up data form NHANES III-linked mortality data through 2015. We estimated joint association between four healthy lifestyle factors (non-smoking, non-drinking, regular physical activity, a healthy diet) after NAFLD diagnosis and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS During a median of 22.83 years of follow-up, 2932 deaths occurred. The risk of all-cause mortality decreased significantly with the healthy lifestyle scores increasing (p < 0.001). NAFLD patients with a favorable lifestyle (3 or 4 healthy lifestyle factors) reduced 36% of all-cause mortality and 43% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with those with an unfavorable lifestyle (0 or 1 healthy lifestyle factor) (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50-0.81], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37-0.88]). Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the number of NAFLD patients required to adhere to a favorable lifestyle to prevent one cardiovascular disease death in 20 years was fewer (77 vs. 125). CONCLUSIONS For the NAFLD patients, adopting a healthy lifestyle could significantly reduce their risk of death.
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Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Physiological Adaptation, Performance, and Body Composition in Healthy Humans.
Huang, WC, Lee, MC, Lee, CC, Ng, KS, Hsu, YJ, Tsai, TY, Young, SL, Lin, JS, Huang, CC
Nutrients. 2019;11(11)
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Probiotics are widely used for health promotion. This study specifically looks at one strain of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 and its effects on physiology and body composition in 54 healthy participants (50/50 men and women), aged 20-30 years, none of which were professional athletes. The double-blind placebo-controlled experiment divided the participants into groups of placebo, low dose probiotics and high dose probiotics to determine the effects of probiotics on exercise performance over a 6 week period. During this time the participants were required to carry out a series of treadmill exercises and biometric exams including monitoring heart rate, oxygen consumption, body mass, and fatigue parameters measured in blood work (serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and uric acid) for physiological adaption. The results showed that the probiotics elevated exercise performance and improved fatigue in a dose-dependent manner. They observed that muscle mass increased and fat mass decreased in the treatment groups compared to the placebo. As such they conclude that Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 has beneficial physiological effects to improve aerobic performance.
Abstract
Probiotics have been rapidly developed for health promotion, but clinical validation of the effects on exercise physiology has been limited. In a previous study, Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10), isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage as a probiotic, was demonstrated to improve exercise performance in an animal model. Thus, in the current study, we attempted to further validate the physiological function and benefits through clinical trials for the purpose of translational research. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. A total of 54 healthy participants (27 men and 27 women) aged 20-30 years without professional athletic training were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo, low (3 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)), and high dose (9 × 1010 CFU) TWK10 administration groups (n = 18 per group, with equal sexes). The functional and physiological assessments were conducted by exhaustive treadmill exercise measurements (85% VO2max), and related biochemical indices were measured before and after six weeks of administration. Fatigue-associated indices, including lactic acid, blood ammonia, blood glucose, and creatinine kinase, were continuously monitored during 30 min of exercise and a 90 min rest period using fixed intensity exercise challenges (60% VO2max) to understand the physiological adaptation. The systemic inflammation and body compositions were also acquired and analyzed during the experimental process. The results showed that TWK10 significantly elevated the exercise performance in a dose-dependent manner and improved the fatigue-associated features correlated with better physiological adaptation. The change in body composition shifted in the healthy direction for TWK10 administration groups, especially for the high TWK10 dose group, which showed that body fat significantly decreased and muscle mass significantly increased. Taken together, our results suggest that TWK10 has the potential to be an ergogenic aid to improve aerobic endurance performance via physiological adaptation effects.
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Effects of Some Food Components on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.
Mirizzi, A, Franco, I, Leone, CM, Bonfiglio, C, Cozzolongo, R, Notarnicola, M, Giannuzzi, V, Tutino, V, De Nunzio, V, Bruno, I, et al
Nutrients. 2019;11(11)
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic (liver) fat accumulation. Lifestyle interventions are the only known effective treatment for NAFLD. The aim of this study was to estimate associations between the consumption of some food group components with the grade of severity in NAFLD subjects. The study is a cross-sectional nutritional randomised clinical trial, which enrolled 136 subjects (79 males) with moderate or severe NAFLD. Results showed that some food group components were associated with a lower or a higher risk of developing severe NAFLD, and that, within the same food group, some components with a protective or promoter action are present. Authors conclude that their findings could help to elaborate personalised dietary counselling to treat NAFLD.
Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) observed in Western countries is due to the concurrent epidemics of overweight/obesity and associated metabolic complications, both recognized risk factors. A Western dietary pattern has been associated with weight gain and obesity, and more recently with NAFLD. Methods: This is a baseline cross-sectional analysis of 136 subjects (79 males) enrolled consecutively in the NUTRIATT (NUTRItion and Ac-TiviTy) study. Study subjects had moderate or severe NAFLD diagnosed by using Fibroscan-CAP. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to obtain information about food intake. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: The mean age was 49.58 (±10.18) with a mean BMI of 33.41 (±4.74). A significant inverse relationship was revealed between winter ice-cream intake and NAFLD severity (O.R. 0.65, 95% C.I. 0.95-0.99); chickpeas intake and NAFLD severity (O.R. 0.57, 95% C.I. 0.34-0.97), and not industrial aged-cheeses type (O.R. 0.85, 95% C.I. 0.74-0.98). A statistically significant positive association also emerged between rabbit meat (O.R. 1.23, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.49), industrial type aged cheeses (O.R. 1.17, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.35), milk-based desserts (no winter ice cream) (O.R. 1.11, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.21), fats (O.R. 1.12, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.25), and NAFLD severity. Conclusion: The fresh foods from non-intensive farming and high legume intake that characterize the Mediterranean diet would seem to be beneficial for patients with NAFLD.
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Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise.
Yimcharoen, M, Kittikunnathum, S, Suknikorn, C, Nak-On, W, Yeethong, P, Anthony, TG, Bunpo, P
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2019;16(1):2
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Moderately intense exercise often causes muscle damage, which initiates an acute inflammatory response. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is suggested to provide antioxidant protection against oxidative stress. The efficacy of ascorbic acid supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress remains unclear. The aim of this crossover study was to determine the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in 19 healthy women after a single bout of moderately-intense exercise. Participants performed 30 minutes of cycling after ingesting 1000 mg of ascorbic acid or placebo with a one-week washout period. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after and 30 minutes post-exercise to determine various markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage. This study found ascorbic acid supplementation prior to moderately-intense exercise improves antioxidant capacity but does not prevent muscle damage. The exercise performed in this study did not induce systemic inflammation, only low-grade muscle damage. Based on these results, the authors suggest further investigation of the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation during exercise be done to better understand the molecular interactions of ascorbic acid during exercise.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. It scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during metabolic pathways. Exercise can produce an imbalance between ROS and antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages. This study was designed to determine the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and muscle damage following a single bout of exercise. METHODS In a crossover design with a 1 wk. wash-out period, 19 healthy women performed 30 min moderate-intensity cycling after ingesting 1000 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) or placebo. Blood samples were taken immediately before, immediately after and 30 min post-exercise to determine plasma albumin, total protein, glucose, oxidative stress and muscle damage markers. RESULTS Plasma albumin and total protein levels increased immediately after exercise in placebo alongside slight reductions in glucose (p = 0.001). These effects were absent in AA cohort. Ferric reducing ability of plasma and vitamin C levels in AA cohort significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly elevated after exercise (p = 0.002) in placebo but not AA. Plasma malondialdehyde did not change after exercise in placebo but was significantly decreased in AA (p < 0.05). The exercise protocol promoted slight muscle damage, reflected in significant increases in total creatine kinase in all subjects after exercise. On the other hand, plasma C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Supplementation with ascorbic acid prior exercise improves antioxidant power but does not prevent muscle damage.
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Dietary Fiber Intake (Supplemental or Dietary Pattern Rich in Fiber) and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.
Carvalho, CM, Gross, LA, de Azevedo, MJ, Viana, LV
Nutrients. 2019;11(2)
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Most of the financial burden of diabetes mellitus is related to management of its complications, and chronic kidney disease is the most expensive and debilitating. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary fibre (supplemental or dietary pattern rich in fibre) on diabetic kidney disease. The study is a systemic review that included seven interventional clinical trials that comprised 161 patients with diabetes with an age range of 20 to 74 years. The mean fibre intake in the intervention was 24 g/day and 16 g/day in the control group. Results indicate that only the vegetarian dietary pattern was associated with beneficial kidney outcomes in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There were no other dietary patterns that had favourable effects on kidney outcomes. Authors conclude that a vegetarian dietary pattern may have a beneficial effects on renal outcomes.
Abstract
Fiber intake is associated with better glycemic control being an important nonpharmacologicaltreatment for diabetes (DM). We hypothesize that a dietary fiber intake can bringbenefits to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), improving renal outcomes. This systematic review aimedto evaluate the effect of dietary fiber (supplemental or dietary pattern rich in fiber) on DKD. Wesearched six databases to identify clinical trials that reported fiber intake and renal outcomes(albuminuria, proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dialysis) in patients with DM.From 1814 studies, 48 papers were fully evaluated. In the end, seven trials (161 patients, aged 58.3years, 49% females) were included. The studies were organized into three categories (vegetarian,Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and fiber supplement), two evaluatedsupplements and five dietary patterns. Vegetarian diet reduced albuminuria in three trials, two inpatients with type 1 DM and one in patients with type 2 DM; and one study demonstrated a change inthe eGFR in type 1 DM. The individual quality of the studies was low/uncertain. A vegetarian dietarypattern may have a beneficial effect on these renal outcomes. However, the individual effect of theintake of fiber on DKD not was possible to be evaluated.