-
1.
Chronic Total Occlusion Wiring: A State-of-the-Art Guide From The Asia Pacific Chronic Total Occlusion Club.
Wu, EB, Tsuchikane, E, Lo, S, Lim, ST, Ge, L, Chen, JY, Qian, J, Lee, SW, Kao, HL, Harding, SA
Heart, lung & circulation. 2019;(10):1490-1500
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the advances in wire technology and development of algorithm-driven methodology for chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention, there is a void in the literature about the technical aspects of CTO wiring. The Asia Pacific CTO Club, a group of 10 experienced operators in the Asia Pacific region, has tried to fill this void with this state-of-the-art review on CTO wiring. METHODS This review explains, for proximal cap puncture: choices of wires, shaping of the wire, use of dual lumen catheter, and method of step-down of wire penetration force for successful wiring. In wiring the CTO body, the techniques of loose tissue tracking, intentional intimal plaque tracking, and intentional subintimal wiring are described in detail. For distal lumen wiring, a blunt distal cap, presence of a distal cap side branch, calcium, and sharp tapered distal stump predict cap toughness, and wire penetration force should be stepped-up in these cases. The importance of choosing between redirection, parallel wiring, and Stingray (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) for angiographic guidance is discussed along with which will be more successful. On the retrograde side, the problems encountered with distal cap puncture and methods to overcome these problems are explained. The method of wiring the CTO body through a retrograde approach depending on the morphology of the CTO is described. Different reverse controlled antegrade and retrograde tracking (CART) wiring methods - including end balloon wiring, side balloon entry, and conventional reverse CART - are explained in detail. CONCLUSION This is a systematic CTO wiring review, which is believed to be beneficial for CTO operators worldwide.
-
2.
A new category stent with novel polyphosphazene surface modification.
Mori, H, Jinnouchi, H, Diljon, C, Torii, S, Sakamoto, A, Kolodgie, FD, Virmani, R, Finn, AV
Future cardiology. 2018;(3):225-235
Abstract
The COBRA-PzF™ (CeloNova BioSciences, Inc., TX, USA) is a new type of coronary stent composed of a cobalt chromium metallic backbone surrounded by a nanothin layer of Polyzene-F (PzF) without any added drug. Evidence from basic studies supports antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties for the PzF surface coating. Preclinical studies support the thromboresistance of PzF-coated surfaces and clinical studies have shown good outcomes for patients receiving this device with very low rates of stent thrombosis. COBRA-PzF may be especially useful in patients at high risk for bleeding. Ongoing clinical trials will determine whether shortening the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy to less than 1 month is feasible and these data may represent a new paradigm with regards to patients at high risk for bleeding.
-
3.
[Cardiac Rehabilitation 2015].
Hoffmann, A
Praxis. 2015;(24):1317-22
Abstract
The goals of cardiac rehabilitation are (re-)conditioning and secondary prevention in patients with heart disease or an elevated cardiovascular risk profile. Rehabilitation is based on motivation through education, on adapted physical activity, instruction of relaxation techniques, psychological support and optimized medication. It is performed preferably in groups either in outpatient or inpatient settings. The Swiss working group on cardiac rehabilitation provides a network of institutions with regular quality auditing. Positive effects of rehabilitation programs on mortality and morbidity have been established by numerous studies. Although a majority of patients after cardiac surgery are being referred to rehabilitation, these services are notoriously underused after catheter procedures.
-
4.
[Interventional treatment in acute coronary syndrome].
Rupprecht, HJ, Voigtländer, T, Dietz, U, Haude, M, Bickel, C
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 2014;:S23-6
-
5.
Drug-coated balloons for coronary and peripheral interventional procedures.
Wöhrle, J
Current cardiology reports. 2012;(5):635-41
Abstract
Paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty reduces neointimal proliferation, restenosis, and clinical need for target lesion revascularization (TLR). PCB was superior for coronary restenosis in bare-metal and drug-eluting stents compared with uncoated balloon angioplasty and was noninferior compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents. PCB angioplasty should be considered for treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis. For de novo lesions, PCB plus endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents reduced restenosis and TLR in early reports. Among patients with de novo lesions and diabetes, the combination of PCB plus bare-metal stent revealed similar results in lesions compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents. The early results for PCB in small vessels are also very encouraging. Dual antiplatelet therapy duration may be shorter with PCB angioplasty compared with drug-eluting stents. Nevertheless, the risk for thrombotic vessel occlusion is minimized. Considering peripheral arterial disease, PCB angioplasty for femoropopliteal lesions was superior to uncoated balloon angioplasty. Registries indicate PCB to also be effective in lesions below the knee. Since there is no certain class effect, efficacy and safety have to be demonstrated for different types of PCB for coronary and peripheral interventions.
-
6.
Contrast-induced nephropathy in invasive cardiology.
Perrin, T, Descombes, E, Cook, S
Swiss medical weekly. 2012;:w13608
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an acute renal injury due to the renal toxicity of iodinated contrast media. It is classically defined as a relative (≥25%) or absolute (≥0.5 mg/dl; 44 μmol/l) increase in serum creatinine from baseline value. CIN accounts for 10 to 15% of hospital-acquired acute renal failure and may rarely lead to irreversible renal function loss. Following percutaneous coronary intervention, reported incidence of CIN varies between 0 to more than 20%, depending on the prevalence of risk factors and used definition. Nowadays, the diagnosis of CIN relays on serum creatinine monitoring, although it is a late marker of acute kidney injury. Given the expanding number of percutaneous coronary interventions made in outpatient settings and the morbidity and mortality associated with CIN, early detection of CIN is of utmost clinical relevance. Several plasmatic and urinary biomarkers have been studied in that view, with plasmatic cystatine-C and urinary NGAL being the most promising. As no treatment specifically targets CIN once it develops, the main goal for clinicians remains prevention, with hydration status optimisation being the only proven strategy to date. Here, we will review the recent evidence concerning CIN, its incidence, proposed early diagnostic biomarkers, as well as its treatment and prognostic implication.
-
7.
Peri-procedural myocardial injury during percutaneous coronary intervention: an important target for cardioprotection.
Babu, GG, Walker, JM, Yellon, DM, Hausenloy, DJ
European heart journal. 2011;(1):23-31
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the predominant procedure for coronary revascularization in patients with both stable and unstable coronary artery disease (CAD). Over the past two decades, technical advances in PCI have resulted in a better and safer therapeutic procedure with minimal procedural complications. However, about 30% of patients undergoing elective PCI sustain myocardial injury arising from the procedure itself, the extent of which is significant enough to carry prognostic importance. The peri-procedural injury which accompanies PCI might therefore reduce some of the beneficial effects of coronary revascularization. The availability of more sensitive serum biomarkers of myocardial injury such as creatine phosphokinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), Troponin T, and Troponin I has enabled the quantification of previously undetectable myocardial injury. Peri-procedural myocardial injury (PMI) can also be visualized by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, a technique which allows the detection and quantification of myocardial necrosis following PCI. The identification of CAD patients at greatest risk of sustaining PMI during PCI would allow targeted treatment with novel therapies capable of limiting the extent of PMI or reducing the number of patients experiencing PMI.
-
8.
Periprocedural (30-day) risk of myocardial infarction after drug-eluting coronary stent implantation: a meta-analysis comparing cobalt-chromium and stainless steel drug-eluting coronary stents.
Moreno, R, Jimenez-Valero, S, Sanchez-Recalde, A, Galeote, G, Calvo, L, Martin-Reyes, R, Sabate, M, Plaza, I, Macaya, C, Lopez-Sendon, JL
EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology. 2011;(8):1003-10
Abstract
AIMS: Because of the reduction in the rate events related with in-stent restenosis, most events after drug-eluting stent implantation occur shortly after coronary stenting. Cobalt-chromium alloys allow to reduce strut thickness and improve flexibility and deliverability of coronary stent platforms, and thus could be associated with lower short-term events after stenting. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that drug-eluting coronary stents with a cobalt-chromium platform reduce the incidence of periprocedural (30-day) myocardial infarction in comparison with stainless steel drug-eluting coronary stents. METHODS AND RESULTS A meta-analysis from nine randomised trials comparing cobalt-chromium and stainless steel drug-eluting coronary stents that overall included 11,313 patients was performed. The incidence of myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and cardiac death at 30 days was compared between both types of stents. At 30 days, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction was significantly lower in patients allocated to cobalt-chromium drug-eluting stents (2.3% vs. 3.9%, respectively; p=0.006; odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.91), due to a significant reduction in the rate of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.88). The incidence of stent thrombosis was similar between both groups of patients, (0.5% vs. 0.5%, p=0.76; odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.89). CONCLUSIONS Drug-eluting coronary stents that use cobalt-chromium stent platforms have a better safety profile at 30 days in comparison with stainless steel drug-eluting stents, due to a significant reduction in the rate of myocardial infarction.
-
9.
The platinum chromium element stent platform: from alloy, to design, to clinical practice.
Menown, IB, Noad, R, Garcia, EJ, Meredith, I
Advances in therapy. 2010;(3):129-41
Abstract
Despite advances in polymer and drug technology, the underlying stent platform remains a key determinant of clinical outcome. A clear understanding of stent design and the differences between various stent platforms are of increasing importance for the interventional cardiologist. Reduction in stent strut thickness has been associated with improved stent deliverability, improved procedural outcome, and lower rates of subsequent restenosis. Newer-generation 316L-SS stent designs have enabled reduced strut thickness while retaining radial strength and minimizing recoil, but with significant loss of radiopacity, leading to reduced visibility. Cobalt chromium alloys have enabled a reduction in stent strut thickness to around 80-90 mm while retaining modest radiopacity, but due to higher elastic properties, have been associated with greater stent recoil. Development of a novel 33% platinum chromium alloy with high radial strength and high radiopacity has enabled design of a new, thin-strut, flexible, easily visualized, and highly trackable stent platform, the use of which is further illustrated in several clinical case descriptions.
-
10.
Drug-eluting stents for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: the view to the HORIZONS.
Prasad, SB, Ahmar, W, Malaiapan, Y, Meredith, IT
Heart, lung & circulation. 2010;(1):11-8
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) offer an attractive option for the treatment of acute thrombotic lesions during acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to their ability to inhibit restenosis. Several randomised trials have demonstrated the efficacy of DES in reducing target vessel revascularisation (TVR) in this setting. However, several registries of real-world patients receiving DES for STEMI have raised long-term safety concerns about DES use in this patient subset. Given the inherent limitations of registry data, this issue is likely to remain unresolved until further data is made available from large-scale ongoing trials with long-term follow-up such as the HORIZONS-AMI trial.