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1.
Effect of tai chi on glycaemic control, lipid metabolism and body composition in adults with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Guo, S, Xu, Y, Qin, J, Chen, Y, You, Y, Tao, J, Liu, Z, Huang, J
Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2021;(3):jrm00165
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of tai chi on metabolic control and body composition indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature. METHODS Electronic resource databases were searched to collect eligible studies. Two reviewers selected studies and independently evaluated method-ological quality. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that tai chi had significant effects in improving metabolic indices, such as fasting blood glucose (mean differ-ence (MD) = -1.04; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.42 to 0.66; p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (MD = -0.50; 95% CI -0.86 to -0.13; p < 0.01) compared with conventional clinical therapy. Most in-dices did not support the use of tai chi over aerobic exercise, except for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD = -0.24; 95% CI -0.49 to 0.00; p < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (MD = 0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.12; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Tai chi had better effects on metabolic control and body composition indicators than clinical conventional therapy, but only on HbA1c and HDL were superior than that of aerobic exercise. The best time-window for tai chi intervention may differ with different metabolic indices.
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2.
Effects of Milk Protein in Resistance Training-Induced Lean Mass Gains for Older Adults Aged ≥ 60 y: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Huang, LP, Condello, G, Kuo, CH
Nutrients. 2021;(8)
Abstract
This review evaluated the effects of milk-based protein supplementation on resistance training (RT)-induced gains in lean body mass or fat free mass (LBM/FFM) and muscle strength for older adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus was conducted. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials comparing all types of milk-based protein supplements with control supplements for the training older adults at mean age ≥ 60 y. Twenty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, whilst seventeen studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. A dose of 10-15 g of milk protein supplementation was sufficient to augment RT-induced LBM/FFM. Intriguingly, four out of five studies show negative effect of whey protein supplementation at the same dose range (or even higher) compared with control supplementation (-0.49 kg, 95% CI: -0.69, -0.29, I2 = 14%, Z = 4.82, p < 0.001). For milk-based protein supplementation, RT-induced improvements in muscle strength were observed only when the protein doses ≥22 g (+0.66 kg, 95% CI: 0.07, 1.25, I2 = 0%, Z = 2.18, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Milk protein is superior to whey protein in enhancing RT-induced LBM/FFM gains for older adults. Optimal daily protein intake can dilute the protein supplementation effect.
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3.
Effects of cashew nut consumption on body composition and glycemic indices: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Jamshidi, S, Moradi, Y, Nameni, G, Mohsenpour, MA, Vafa, M
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2021;(2):605-613
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Present meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to synthesis a definitive conclusion from previous randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS A comprehensive search was done up to July 2020, in order to extract RCTs which investigated the effect of cashew nut on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate effect size. Meta regression analysis was done to identify probable sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Six clinical trials with 521 participants were included. Combined effect sizes demonstrated no effect of cashew consumption on weight (WMD): 0.02, 95% CI: -1.04, 1.09, P > 0.05), BMI (WMD: 0.1, 95% CI: -0.72, 0.74, P > 0.05), and WC (WMD: -0.13, 95% CI: -1.97, 1.70, P > 0.05). Results were also not significant for FBS (WMD: 3.58, 95% CI: -3.92, 11.08, P > 0.05), insulin (WMD: -0.19, 95% CI: -1.63, 1.25, P > 0.05), and HOMA-IR (WMD: 0.25, 95% CI: -0.55, 1.06, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The sum up, incorporating cashew into the diet has no significant effect on body composition or modifying glycemic indices.
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4.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children's Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Ma, K, Wei, SQ, Bi, WG, Weiler, HA, Wen, SW
Nutrients. 2021;(2)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. OBJECTIVE We aim to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on child growth and body composition. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during early life on children's growth and body composition (bone, lean and fat). A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy on children's body composition (bone, lean and fat) in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2020. A Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. The comparison was vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo or standard care. Random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted. The effects are presented as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 3960 participants from eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (MD 0.33, 95% CI, 0.12, 0.54; I2 = 34%) in neonates. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with significantly increased length for age z-score in infants at 1 year of age (MD 0.29, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.54; I2 = 0%), and was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (MD -0.19, 95% CI -0.34, -0.04; I2 = 0%) and body mass index z-score (BMIZ) (MD -0.12, 95% CI -0.21, -0.04; I2 = 0%) in offspring at 3-6 years of age. Vitamin D supplementation during early life was not observed to be associated with children's bone, lean or fat mass. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood. Further large clinical trials of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on childhood body composition are warranted.
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5.
Long-term effect of bariatric surgery on body composition in patients with morbid obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Haghighat, N, Kazemi, A, Asbaghi, O, Jafarian, F, Moeinvaziri, N, Hosseini, B, Amini, M
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(4):1755-1766
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to provide quantitative estimates of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) changes in patients following bariatric surgery over 1 year. A systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases was conducted; the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Thirty-four studies including Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG) biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and gastric banding (GB) were analyzed. RYGB decreased in body FM (-28.99 kg [31.21, -26.77]) or FM% (-12.73% [-15.14, -10.32]) or FFM (-9.97 kg [-10.93, -9.03]), which were greater than SG and GB. Moreover, the FFM% in RYGB group (11.72% [7.33, 16.11]) was more than SG (5.7% [4.44, 6.95]) and GB (8.1% [6.15, 10.05]) groups. Bariatric surgeries, especially RYGB, might be effective for a decrease in FM and maintenance of FFM in patients with morbid obesity in over 1 year.
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6.
Effectiveness of HIIE versus MICT in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health and Disease: A Meta-analysis.
Mattioni Maturana, F, Martus, P, Zipfel, S, NIEß, AM
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2021;(3):559-573
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate differences between high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, including high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. METHODS Differences between HIIE and MICT were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis on the effect size (Cohen's d). A meta-regression was conducted using the following subgroups: population, age, training duration, men ratio, exercise type, baseline values (clinical relevant ranges), and type of HIIE. Studies were included if at least one of the following outcomes were reported: maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), body mass index (BMI), body mass, percent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A total of 55 studies were included. RESULTS Overall, HIIE was superior to MICT in improving V˙O2max (d = 0.40, P < 0.001) and FMD (d = 0.54, P < 0.05). Oppositely, MICT was superior to HIIE in improving HbA1c (d = -0.27, P < 0.05). No differences were observed in BMI (d = -0.02), body mass (d = -0.05), percent body fat (d = 0.04), systolic blood pressure (d = -0.04), diastolic blood pressure (d = 0.03), HDL (d = -0.05), LDL (d = 0.08), triglycerides (d = 0.03), total cholesterol (d = 0.14), CRP (d = -0.11), fasting insulin (d = 0.02), fasting glucose (d = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (d = -0.04). Moderator analyses indicated that the difference between HIIE and MICT was affected by different subgroups. CONCLUSION Overall, HIIE showed to be more effective in improving cardiovascular health and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas MICT was superior in improving long-term glucose metabolism. In the process of personalized training counseling, health-enhancing effects of exercise training may be improved by considering the individual risk profiles.
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7.
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Strength in the Population Who Are Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.
Rubio-Arias, JÁ, Martínez-Aranda, LM, Andreu-Caravaca, L, Sanz, G, Benito, PJ, Ramos-Campo, DJ
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2021;(12):2442-2453
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk variables, and lower limb strength in participants who are overweight/obese. DATA SOURCES A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception through to January 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies analyzing the effect of WBVT on body composition variables, metabolic profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and lower limb strength in the population who are overweight/obese, with interventions of a minimum length of 2 weeks were included. DATA EXTRACTION After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies involving 884 participants who were obese/overweight (experimental group: 543; weight=79.9 kg; body mass index (BMI) =31.3 kg/m2, obesity class I according to World Health Organization) were used in the quantitative analysis. The sex of the participants involved in the studies were as follows: (1) 17 studies included only female participants; (2) 1 study included only boys, and (3) 5 studies included both sexes. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression methods were used to calculate the mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD; ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) as well as to analyze the effects of pre-post intervention WBVT and differences from control groups. DATA SYNTHESIS WBVT led to a significant decrease in fat mass (-1.07 kg, not clinically significant). In addition, WBVT reduced systolic blood pressure (-7.01 mmHg, clinically significant), diastolic blood pressure (-1.83 mmHg), and heart rate (-2.23 bpm), as well as increased the lower extremity strength (SMD=0.63; range, 0.40-0.86). On the other hand, WBVT did not modify the weight, BMI, muscle mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose. CONCLUSIONS WBVT could be an effective training modality to reduce blood pressure (clinically relevant) and resting heart rate. In addition, WBVT led to improved lower limb strength. However, these findings were not consistent with significant improvements on other variables associated with metabolic syndrome (body composition, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose).
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8.
Effects of gradual weight loss v. rapid weight loss on body composition and RMR: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ashtary-Larky, D, Bagheri, R, Abbasnezhad, A, Tinsley, GM, Alipour, M, Wong, A
The British journal of nutrition. 2020;(11):1121-1132
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of different rates of weight loss (WL), but equivalent total WL, on body composition and RMR. Studies examining gradual v. rapid WL on body composition and RMR in participants with overweight/obesity published up to October 2019 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Ovid databases. Meta-analysis was carried out using a fixed or random effects model as appropriate. Although the magnitude of WL was similar (mean difference 0·03 kg, 95 % CI –0·65, 0·71), gradual WL promoted greater reductions in fat mass (FM) (–1 kg, 95 % CI –1·70, –0·29) and body fat percentage (BFP) (–0·83 %, 95 % CI –1·49, –0·17). Gradual WL significantly preserved RMR compared with rapid WL (407·48 kJ, 95 % CI 76·76, 118·01). However, there was no significant difference in waist and hip circumferences, waist:hip ratio and fat-free mass (FFM) between gradual and rapid WL. The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates beneficial effects of gradual WL, as compared with rapid WL, on FM, BFP and RMR in individuals with overweight/obesity. However, FFM changes and anthropometric indices did not significantly differ following different rates of WL.
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9.
The effects of metformin administration on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: An up-to date systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Jalali, M, Rahimlou, M, Mahmoodi, M, Moosavian, SP, Symonds, ME, Jalali, R, Zare, M, Imanieh, MH, Stasi, C
Pharmacological research. 2020;:104799
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. One treatment is the use of metformin but its efficacy remains to be established. OBJECTIVE The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a more robust examination of the evidence for the effectiveness of metformin for treating non-diabetic NAFLD patients. METHODS An extensive literature search was undertaken using online databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) to detect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of metformin administration on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic NAFLD patients up to 10 December 2019. A random-effects or fixed-effect models were performed to pool weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Six RCTs involving 307 individuals were included to the present meta-analysis. Compared to controls, metformin significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.77 kg/m2, 95 % CI = [-1.46, -0.07], P = 0.03, I2 = 0.0 %) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: -5.94 U/L, 95 % CI = [-11.51, -0.38], P = 0.03, I2 = 67.6 %). Also, body weight (WMD: -2.70 kg, 95 % CI = [-5.49, 0.09], P = 0.05, I2 = 33.7%) was marginally significant and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (WMD: -5.04 U/L, 95 % CI = [-13.92, 3.84], P = 0.26, I2 = 60.9 %) was not statistically significant affected by metformin administration. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study emphasizes the clinical importance of metformin administration for improving liver function and body composition in non-diabetic NAFLD patients. Moreover, the further large-scale and well-designed RCTs are required to confirm these findings.
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10.
The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on body composition and blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Wang, F, He, Y, O Santos, H, Sathian, B, C Price, J, Diao, J
Steroids. 2020;:108710
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation has been anecdotally considered as a tool to improve body composition and health status. We aimed to verify the impact of DHEA supplementation on traditional measurements of body composition and blood pressure (BP) due to their clinical applicability. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Regarding anthropometric characteristics, DHEA supplementation did not change body weight (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.16 kg, 95% CI: -1.02 to 0.70, p = 0.72) or body mass index (WMD: -0.18 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.12, p = 0.24), but increased lean body mass (WMD: 0.45 kg, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.75, p = 0.004) and decreased fat mass (WMD: -0.85%, 95% CI: -1.18 to -0.51, p = 0.000), when compared to control groups. Neither systolic (WMD: 0.98 mm Hg, 95% CI: -2.31 to 4.29, p = 0.56) nor diastolic BP were significantly changed (WMD: -1.62 mm Hg, 95% CI: -5.49 to 2.24, p = 0.49). Our findings demonstrate that DHEA supplementation increased lean body mass and decreased fat mass, but debate persists when translating the results into clinical benefit. Lastly, DHEA supplementation had a neutral effect on BP.