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Effects of Baduanjin on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ma, Q, Li, H, Gao, Y, Zou, Y
Medicine. 2021;(4):e23532
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Baduanjin is an ancient technique of physical and breathing exercises (Dao Yin). This technique is divided into eight sections and each section is a motion, so it is called "Baduanjin". It is practice without equipment, simple and easy to learn, whose effect is significant leading to good fitness effect. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease. Clinical studies have reported that Baduanjin can affect the metabolism of blood glucose and blood lipid in diabetic patients, but the reported efficacy is different among different studies. Therefore, the study is aimed to systematically evaluate the size and differences of the impact of Baduanjin on the metabolism of glucose and lipid in diabetic patients. METHODS Retrieved randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on effects of Baduanjin on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients from PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI with computer while mutually retrieved the same things from Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR), Google Academic and Baidu Academic. The retrieval time was from their establishment to October 2020. Then 2 researchers independently extracted relevant data and evaluated the quality of the included literatures, and meta-analysis was conducted on the included literatures using RevMan5.3. RESULTS This research used outcome indicators like fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol content and triglyceride content to explore the effect of Baduanjin on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients specifically. CONCLUSION The research will provide reliable evidence-based proof for Baduanjin improving glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetic patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/ OSF.IO/AGJHQ.
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Effects of alternate nostril breathing exercise on cardiac functions in healthy young adults leading a stressful lifestyle.
Jahan, I, Begum, M, Akhter, S, Islam, Z, Haque, M, Jahan, N
Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique. 2020;(2):e68-e77
Abstract
Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) is one of the best and easiest breathing exercises. ANB exercise has beneficial effects on cardiac function in healthy and diseased people. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of ANB exercise on cardiac physiology among healthy medical students. This was a prospective interventional study that was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram, Bangladesh, from July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 research participants (RPs) aged 18-20 years, Year-I medical students of CMC, were selected. A simple random sampling method was adopted. The selection was done after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The age and body mass index (BMI) of the RPs were analogous in both the control and experimental groups. Cardiac parameters, like pulse and blood pressure (BP), were measured. The initial baseline data were recorded for both groups and after 4 weeks. The research respondents of the experimental group performed ANB exercise for 4 weeks. The mean value pulse and BP were significantly (p < 0.001) changed after breathing exercise, compared to the values before the breathing exercise. The results of this study suggest that cardiac function significantly improves after the breathing exercise. Therefore, ANB can be recommended for increasing cardiac efficiency.
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Effects of peripheral and different inspiratory muscle training methods in coronary artery disease patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized-controlled trial.
Muammer, K, Mutluay, F, Demir, R, Özkan, AA
Respiratory medicine. 2020;:106119
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of peripheral muscle training (PMT) and different inspiratory muscle training (IMT) methods on respiratory functions, exercise capacity, and biochemistry parameters in coronary artery disease patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This prospective, single-blind, randomized-controlled study included 60 patients of stable coronary artery disease with metabolic syndrome (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class I-II, left ventricular ejection fraction >40%). Patients were randomly divided into three groups: neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) plus PMT group (NMES + PMT group, n = 20), IMT plus PMT group (IMT + PMT group, n = 20) and PMT group (PMT group, n = 20). Treatment continued for six weeks for all groups. The NMES was applied to rectus abdominis, IMT was applied with 30% of maximal inspiratory pressures, and PMT was applied at home. Spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, dyspnea scores, exercise stress test, and biochemistry parameters were measured before and after training. RESULTS There were significant improvements in spirometric tests, respiratory muscle strength, dyspnea scores, exercise capacity, fasting blood glucose, and antistreptolysin O after treatment in all groups (p < 0.05). Significant improvements in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were observed in NMES + PMT and IMT + PMT groups (p < 0.05). Among the groups, there was a significant difference in maximal inspiratory pressure (p = 0.02) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.037) in favor of NMES + PMT group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study results showed significant improvements in respiratory functions, exercise capacity, and biochemistry markers in all groups. Different IMT methods can be used in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation to improve exercise intolerance in coronary artery disease patients with metabolic syndrome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03523026.
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Critical inspiratory pressure - a new methodology for evaluating and training the inspiratory musculature for recreational cyclists: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Rehder-Santos, P, Minatel, V, Milan-Mattos, JC, Signini, ÉF, de Abreu, RM, Dato, CC, Catai, AM
Trials. 2019;(1):258
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has brought great benefits in terms of improving physical performance in healthy individuals. However, there is no consensus regarding the best training load, as in most cases the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) is used, mainly the intensity of 60% of MIP. Therefore, prescribing an IMT protocol that takes into account inspiratory muscle strength and endurance may bring additional benefits to the commonly used protocols, since respiratory muscles differ from other muscles because of their greater muscular resistance. Thus, IMT using critical inspiratory pressure (PThC) can be an alternative, as the calculation of PThC considers these characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new IMT protocol to determine the best training load for recreational cyclists. METHODS Thirty recreational cyclists (between 20 and 40 years old) will be randomized into three groups: sham (SG), PThC (CPG) and 60% of MIP, according to age and aerobic functional capacity. All participants will undergo the following evaluations: pulmonary function test (PFT), respiratory muscle strength test (RMS), cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), incremental inspiratory muscle endurance test (iIME) (maximal sustained respiratory pressure for 1 min (PThMAX)) and constant load test (CLT) (95%, 100% and 105% of PThMÁX) using a linear load inspiratory resistor (PowerBreathe K5). The PThC will be calculated from the inspiratory muscle endurance time (TLIM) and inspiratory loads of each CLT. The IMT will last 11 weeks (3 times/week and 55 min/session). The session will consist of 5-min warm-up (50% of the training load) and three sets of 15-min breaths (100% of the training load), with a 1-min interval between them. RMS, iIME, CLT and CPET will be performed beforehand, at week 5 and 9 (to adjust the training load) and after training. PFT will be performed before and after training. The data will be analyzed using specific statistical tests (parametric or non-parametric) according to the data distribution and their respective variances. A p value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant. DISCUSSIONS It is expected that the results of this study will enable the training performed with PThC to be used by health professionals as a new tool to evaluate and prescribe IMT. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02984189 . Registered on 6 December 2016.
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Effectiveness of water-based Liuzijue exercise on respiratory muscle strength and peripheral skeletal muscle function in patients with COPD.
Wu, W, Liu, X, Liu, J, Li, P, Wang, Z
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2018;:1713-1726
Abstract
OBJECTS The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the effects of water-based Liuzijue exercise on patients with COPD and compare it with land-based Liuzijue exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the water-based Liuzijue exercise group (WG), the land-based Liuzijue exercise group (LG), and the control group (CG). CG participants accepted no exercise intervention, while training groups performed Liuzijue exercise according to Health Qigong Liuzijue (People's Republic of China) in different environments for 60-min sessions twice a week for 3 months. RESULTS Of the 50 patients enrolled, 45 (90%) completed the 3-month intervention. The CG showed decreased expiratory muscle strength, extensor and flexor endurance ratio (ER) of the elbow joints and flexor peak torque (PT), total work (TW), and ER of the knee joints (p<0.05). Both training groups showed improved respiratory muscle strength, which differed from the CG (p<0.001). In addition, extensor and flexor TW of the elbow joints in the training groups were increased (p<0.01), and the WG differed from the CG in extensor TW and ER and flexor TW (p<0.01), while the LG differed from the CG in flexor TW and extensor ER (p<0.05). PT, PT/body weight (BW), and TW in the knee joint extensor in the training groups were increased as well (PT and PT/BW: p<0.05, TW: p<0.01), and the WG differed from the CG in terms of knee joints outcomes, while the LG differed from the CG in flexor TW only (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Water-based Liuzijue exercise has beneficial effects on COPD patients' respiratory muscle strength and peripheral skeletal muscle function, and additional benefits may exist in endurance of upper limbs and strength and endurance of lower limbs when compared with land-based Liuzijue exercise.
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Immune cell response to strenuous resistive breathing: comparison with whole body exercise and the effects of antioxidants.
Asimakos, A, Toumpanakis, D, Karatza, MH, Vasileiou, S, Katsaounou, P, Mastora, Z, Vassilakopoulos, T
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2018;:529-545
Abstract
BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS Whole body exercise (WBE) changes lymphocyte subset percentages in peripheral blood. Resistive breathing, a hallmark of diseases of airway obstruction, is a form of exercise for the inspiratory muscles. Strenuous muscle contractions induce oxidative stress that may mediate immune alterations following exercise. We hypothesized that inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB) alters peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and that oxidative stress mediates lymphocyte subpopulation alterations following both WBE and IRB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Six healthy nonathletes performed two WBE and two IRB sessions for 45 minutes at 70% of VO2 maximum and 70% of maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax), respectively, before and after the administration of antioxidants (vitamins E, A, and C for 75 days, allopurinol for 30 days, and N-acetylcysteine for 3 days). Blood was drawn at baseline, at the end of each session, and 2 hours into recovery. Lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Before antioxidant supplementation at both WBE end and IRB end, the natural killer cell percentage increased, the T helper cell (CD3+ CD4+) percentage was reduced, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was depressed, a response which was abolished by antioxidants only after IRB. Furthermore, at IRB end, antioxidants promoted CD8+ CD38+ and blunted cytotoxic T-cell percentage increase. CD8+ CD45RA+ cell percentage changes were blunted after antioxidant supplementation in both WBE and IRB. CONCLUSION We conclude that IRB produces (as WBE) changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and that oxidative stress is a major stimulus predominantly for IRB-induced lymphocyte subset alterations.
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Best mode of inspiratory muscle training in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sadek, Z, Salami, A, Joumaa, WH, Awada, C, Ahmaidi, S, Ramadan, W
European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;(16):1691-1701
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on inspiratory muscle strength, functional capacity and dyspnoea for patients with chronic heart failure, by summarising the published research on the effects of inspiratory muscle training. To identify the best mode of intervention in terms of: the load of maximal inspiratory pressure; the frequency of sessions; and the total duration of intervention. Methods A relevant literature research using the PubMed database, Cochrane and references of published studies, from 1998 to 2016, was conducted. Out of 65 randomised controlled trials, seven were considered as potentially relevant and were retrieved for detailed analysis. The methodological quality of each randomised controlled trial was rated using the physiotherapy evidence database scale. Results The included seven studies contained data on 203 patients. Typical training protocols involved training three, six or seven times per week with intensity ranging from 30% to 60% and for a duration ranging from 6 to 12 weeks. Maximal inspiratory pressure, walking distance and dyspnoea were improved in all studies and especially in those who set a load of 60% in their maximal inspiratory pressure, and have trained patients six times per week for 12 weeks. Conclusion In chronic heart failure patients, inspiratory muscle training results in a marked improvement in inspiratory muscle strength, walking distance and dyspnoea, notably when training patients at 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure, six times per week and for 12 weeks. A small number of studies and heterogeneity among studies may limit the findings of the present study.
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The influence of inspiratory muscle training combined with the Pilates method on lung function in elderly women: A randomized controlled trial.
Alvarenga, GM, Charkovski, SA, Santos, LKD, Silva, MABD, Tomaz, GO, Gamba, HR
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2018;:e356
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is progressive, and its effects on the respiratory system include changes in the composition of the connective tissues of the lung that influence thoracic and lung compliance. The Powerbreathe® K5 is a device used for inspiratory muscle training with resistance adapted to the level of the inspiratory muscles to be trained. The Pilates method promotes muscle rebalancing exercises that emphasize the powerhouse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of inspiratory muscle training combined with the Pilates method on lung function in elderly women. METHODS The participants were aged sixty years or older, were active women with no recent fractures, and were not gait device users. They were randomly divided into a Pilates with inspiratory training group (n=11), a Pilates group (n=11) and a control group (n=9). Spirometry, manovacuometry, a six-minute walk test, an abdominal curl-up test, and pulmonary variables were assessed before and after twenty intervention sessions. RESULTS The intervention led to an increase in maximal inspiratory muscle strength and pressure and power pulmonary variables (p<0.0001), maximal expiratory muscle strength (p<0.0014), six-minute walk test performance (p<0.01), and abdominal curl-up test performance (p<0.00001). The control group showed no differences in the analyzed variables (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest inspiratory muscle training associated with the Pilates method provides an improvement in the lung function and physical conditioning of elderly patients.
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Can natural ways to stimulate the vagus nerve improve seizure control?
Yuen, AW, Sander, JW
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B. 2017;:105-110
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Abstract
The vagus nerve (VN) is the longest cranial nerve, innervating the neck, thorax and abdomen, with afferent fibers transmitting a range of interoceptive stimuli and efferent fibres to somatic structures and autonomic preganglions. Over the last few decades, electrical stimulation of the VN using implanted devices (VNS) has been developed leading to its approval for the treatment of epilepsy and depression. More recently, non-invasive devices to stimulation the VN have been developed. The VN has many functions and the activity that is most amenable to assessment is its effect in controlling the cardiac rhythm. This can be easily assessed by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV is a result of poorer vagal parasympathetic tone and is associated with a wide range of ill health conditions including a higher risk of early mortality. People with epilepsy, particularly those with poorly controlled seizures, have been shown to have impaired parasympathetic tone. So, might natural ways to stimulate the VN, shown to improve parasympathetic tone as indicated by increased HRV, improve seizure control? There are numerous natural ways that have been shown to stimulate the VN, improving HRV and hence parasympathetic tone. These natural ways fall mainly into 3 categories - stress reduction, exercise, and nutrition. Though the natural ways to stimulate the VN have been shown to increase HRV, they have not been shown to reduce seizures. The exception is listening to Mozart's music, which has been shown to increase parasympathetic tone and decrease seizures. Clearly much more work is required to examine the effect of the various ways to increase HRV on seizure occurrence.
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Modified Qigong Breathing Exercise for Reducing the Sense of Hunger on an Empty Stomach.
Voroshilov, AP, Volinsky, AA, Wang, Z, Marchenko, EV
Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine. 2017;(4):687-695
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to determine whether a modified Qigong breathing exercise can reduce the sense of hunger and identify possible mechanisms. METHODS The results from the test group, which performed the exercise, are compared with the control group, which performed deep breathing. Intestinal pressure measurements, stomach pH monitoring, and participant surveys were used for assessment. RESULTS Stomach pH was increased by 3 (0.2) and intestinal pressure was reduced by 12 (0.5) mm Hg in the experimental group and did not change significantly in the control group. The study provides strong evidence that the exercise can significantly reduce, or even suppress the sense of hunger on an empty stomach. CONCLUSION This breathing exercise provides comfort in different circumstances, such as lack of regular meals, limited volume or caloric diet, and even during temporary complete absence of food in therapeutic fasting.