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Analysis of clinical characteristics of Kounis syndrome induced by contrast media.
Wang, C, Deng, Z, Song, L, Sun, W, Fang, W, Li, Z
The American journal of emergency medicine. 2022;:203-207
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationship between contrast agents and Kounis syndrome (KS) is mainly based on case reports. The purpose of this research is to explore the clinical characteristics of contrast media induced KS. METHODS We searched for contrast-induced KS case reports through Chinese and English databases from 1991 to October 31, 2021. RESULTS A total of 26 patients (19 men and 7 women,) were included, with a median age of 60 years (range 30-83). The contrast agents that cause KS mainly included gadolinium-based contrast agent (7 cases), iodine-containing contrast media (12 cases). KS mainly occurred within 30 min after administration and mainly manifests as chest pain and allergic reactions. Electrocardiogram (ECG) mainly showed ST elevation. Echocardiography mainly revealed normal. Coronary angiography showed normal, coronary vasospasm, stent thrombosis, occlusion and stenosis. After treatment with steroids, antihistamines and anti-ischemic therapy, 24 patients recovered completely and 2 patients died. CONCLUSIONS KS is a rare adverse reaction of contrast media. Radiologists should recognize this rare but serious disease to ensure rapid diagnosis and proper management.
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Myocardial contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of postoperative takotsubo myocardiopathy: case report and literature review.
Zeng, JH, Li, W, Yao, FJ, Liu, DH, Li, CL, Liu, YQ, Fan, R, Ye, M, Lin, H
BMC cardiovascular disorders. 2019;(1):9
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a brief ventricular dysfunction that usually occurs after emotional or physical stress. Here, we report a patient who underwent cardiac surgery and then developed TCM during the postoperative period. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of chest tightness, palpitations and dyspnoea after activity. An echocardiogram performed by our hospital showed rheumatic heart disease (severe mitral stenosis and regurgitation) with normal cardiac function and wall motion. After mitral valve replacement, this patient developed heart failure with low blood pressure and tachycardia. Urgent bedside echocardiography demonstrated akinesis in the middle and apical segments of the left ventricle and a depressed ejection fraction (EF) of 36%. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) showed similar enhancement intensity in the basal, middle and apical segments. Quantitative analysis showed approximately equivalent maximum intensity in these regions. The diagnosis was considered TCM instead of myocardial infarction. Then, an intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted to maintain effective circulation and reduce the postcardiac load. Given ventilation therapy, postoperative anticoagulation therapy and anti-infection treatment, the patient recovered quickly. In the follow-up examination, the patient remained asymptomatic and showed normalization of ventricular wall motion in the apical segment. CONCLUSION This report presents a case of TCM in which MCE was used to demonstrate intact microvascular perfusion despite apical akinesis. This report might support the use of MCE as a substitute for invasive coronary angiography.
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Cardiac Computed Tomography in Troponin-Positive Chest Pain: Sometimes the Answer Lies in the Late Iodine Enhancement or Extracellular Volume Fraction Map.
Esposito, A, Palmisano, A, Barbera, M, Vignale, D, Benedetti, G, Spoladore, R, Ancona, MB, Giannini, F, Oppizzi, M, Del Maschio, A, et al
JACC. Cardiovascular imaging. 2019;(4):745-748
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[Case of sialadenitis by iodinated contrast medium in a dialysis patient].
Simeoni, M, Di Vilio, R, Leonardi, G, Bologna, S, Cardone, A, Cerantonio, A, Sculco, D, Chiarella, G, Fuiano, G
Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia. 2018;(2)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialadenitis by iodinated contrast medium (i.c.m) oriodine mumps (IM) is a rare and late benign manifestation that occurs independently of intravenous or endoarterial administration modality. If renal function is normal, i.c.m. does not reach salivary glands concentrations able to induce sialadenitis. However, a critical glomerular filtration reduction may lead to salivary ducts edema and glandular swelling after i.c.m. injection. We report a rare case report of IM in a patient on chronic hemodialysis. METHODS A 72-year-old woman affected by chronic kidney disease on chronic hemodialysis, underwent to endoscopic removal of a rectal cancer. For disease staging, a total body TC with i.c.m. was performed. The following morning, patient showed a soft and aching bilateral paroditidis swelling. Salivary glands ultrasound was diagnostic for sialadenitis. The patient was rapidly treated with betamethasone following by a 240 minutes post-dilution online hemodiafiltration session. RESULTS Within the next 24h, a complete remission of IM was obtained. CONCLUSION In our patient, a compensatory hyperactivity of the sodium / iodine symporter (NIS) on salivary gland cells may have played a crucial role in IM induction. An high efficiency hemodialysis session within the few following hours after i.c.m injection is a fundamental tool in patients on renal replacement treatment to prevent IM that is an epiphenomenon of i.c.m. accumulation.
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Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy following Coronary Angiography with No Radiological Features: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Dattani, A, Au, L, Tay, KH, Davey, P
Cardiology. 2018;(3):197-201
Abstract
Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) following coronary angiography (CAG) is a very rare complication. Radiological signs such as cerebral oedema and cortical enhancement are of great importance in the diagnosis. We report a case of probable CIE in a 76-year-old gentleman following a normal diagnostic CAG that involved 120 mL of the iodinated contrast agent iohexol (Omnipaque 300). At 90 min postprocedure he became acutely confused with a normal non-contrast CT of the head. After 9 days of conservative treatment, the patient recovered spontaneously with no neurological deficits. This case and a review of the literature highlights that contrast-induced neurotoxicity may not always present with the typical radiological signs that are described in association with CIE. Given the excellent prognosis with supportive management only, interventional cardiologists should be well aware of this condition despite the absence of radiological features.
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Superior vena cava stenting guided by alternative imaging modalities in a patient with severe contrast allergy: a case report and brief literature review.
Pillutla, P, Reardon, LC, Aboulhosn, JA
Congenital heart disease. 2014;(5):E143-6
Abstract
Major adverse reactions to iodinated radiocontrast media are an uncommon but serious complication of cardiac catheterizations. We present a case of a 52-year-old woman with a sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection status post repair who presented with superior vena cava graft obstruction. Two overlapping stents were placed within the superior vena cava using gadolinium, CO2 angiography and transesophageal echocardiography for visualization of the graft stenoses. No iodinated media were used.
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[Ultrasound for abdominal lymphadenopathy].
Dietrich, CF, Hocke, M, Jenssen, C
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 2013;(19):1001-18
Abstract
This CME-review is about the clinical importance of the abdominal lymph node diagnostic with special attention to various ultrasound techniques. This includes innovative techniques like contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography. The clinical importance of ultrasound in relation to cross sectional imaging will be the target of the article as well as anatomic- topographic aspects. The article deals as well with endosonographic techniques because of the upmost importance of the technique for diagnosing mediastinal and abdominal lymphnode swellings. In conclusion of the article different clinical scenarios and clinical algorithms are presented to help the reader to diagnose abdominal lymphadenopathy correctly in an efficient way.
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Persistent neurological deficit from iodinated contrast encephalopathy following intracranial aneurysm coiling. A case report and review of the literature.
Leong, S, Fanning, NF
Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences. 2012;(1):33-41
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Abstract
Neurotoxicity from iodinated contrast agents is a known but rare complication of angiography and neurovascular intervention. Neurotoxicity results from contrast penetrating the blood-brain barrier with resultant cerebral oedema and altered neuronal excitability. Clinical effects include encephalopathy, seizures, cortical blindness and focal neurological deficits. Contrast induced encephalopathy is extensively reported as a transient and reversible phenomenon. We describe a patient with a persistent motor deficit due to an encephalopathy from iodinated contrast media administered during cerebral aneurysm coiling. This observation and a review of the literature highlights that contrast-induced encephalopathy may not always have a benign outcome and can cause permanent deficits. This potential harmful effect should be recognised by the angiographer and the interventionalist.
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Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs): a future alternative magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent for patients at risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF)?
Neuwelt, EA, Hamilton, BE, Varallyay, CG, Rooney, WR, Edelman, RD, Jacobs, PM, Watnick, SG
Kidney international. 2009;(5):465-74
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) based contrast agents (GBCAs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used in daily clinical practice and appear safe in most patients; however, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a recently recognized severe complication associated with GBCAs. It affects primarily patients with renal disease, such as stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD; glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), acute kidney injury, or kidney and liver transplant recipients with kidney dysfunction. Contrast-enhanced MRI and computed tomography (CT) scans provide important clinical information and influence patient management. An alternative contrast agent is needed to obtain adequate imaging results while avoiding the risk of NSF in this vulnerable patient group. One potential alternative is ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles, which provide enhancement characteristics similar to GBCAs. We review our experience in approximately 150 patients on the potential benefits of the USPIOs ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol. We focus on central nervous system (CNS) MRI but also review imaging of other vascular beds. Safety studies, including USPIO administration (ferumoxytol) as iron supplement therapy in CKD patients on and not on dialysis, suggest that decreased kidney function does not alter the safety profile. We conclude that for both CNS MR imaging and MR angiography, USPIO agents like ferumoxytol are a viable option for patients at risk for NSF.
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Single-dose contrast agent for intraoperative MR imaging of intrinsic brain tumors by using ferumoxtran-10.
Hunt, MA, Bagó, AG, Neuwelt, EA
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 2005;(5):1084-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intraoperative MR imaging (IMRI) has advantages over conventional framed and frameless techniques. IMRI, however, also has some drawbacks, especially related to interpretation of gadolinium-enhanced intraoperative imaging resulting from surgically induced blood brain barrier injury, vascular changes, and hemorrhage. Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron particles like ferumoxtran-10 have a long plasma half-life and are trapped by reactive cells within the tumor. These trapped particles provide a method to demonstrate enhancing lesions without the artifact of repeat gadolinium administration in the face of blood brain barrier and vascular injury. METHODS We present a review of the literature and the cases of two patients who underwent surgery in which IMRI with ferumoxtran-10 was used. RESULTS Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron particles represent a method to demonstrate enhancing intrinsic brain tumors without the drawbacks of intraoperative gadolinium enhancement. These lesions appear even on low-field strength IMRI. Ferumoxtran-10, administered preoperatively, provides a stable imaging marker, even after surgical manipulation of the brain. CONCLUSION Fermumoxtran-10 provides a way to lessen artifactual enhancement during IMRI related to the administration of gadolinium.