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Characterization of Lactobacilli isolated from carious dentin after selective caries removal and cavity sealing.
Damé-Teixeira, N, Ev, LD, Bitello-Firmino, L, Soares, VK, Dalalba, RS, Rup, AG, Maltz, M, Parolo, CCF
Archives of oral biology. 2021;:104988
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize lactobacilli isolated from residual carious dentin after selective caries removal (SCR), by observing the changes detected in their prevalence, diversity, and cariogenic potential after starvation stress caused by cavity sealing (CS). DESIGN Lactobacilli were cultured from carious dentin lesions (n = 16 patients) treated in a clinical trial, three months before and after CS. Presumptive lactobacilli were selected, isolated, and analyzed by Gram staining. Housekeeping gene sequences were used to identify the species (groEL, rpoA, pheS, and 16S rRNA). RESULTS N = 86 Lactobacillus spp. (n = 41 before and n = 45 after sealing) were genotyped by AP-PCR and analyzed for their cariogenic potential (acid production and acid tolerance). The proportion of lactobacilli to the total anaerobic counts was high, and a significant decrease was observed after sealing (median before sealing = 78.9; 25th-75th = 60.25-97.35; median after sealing = 0.00; 25th-75th = 0.00-77.08; p = 0.001). L. paracasei was the most prevalent species of lactobacilli in carious dentin (p = 0.02). L. rhamnosus prevalence increased to a proportion similar to L. paracasei after CS (p = 0.001). A total of 28 and 14 different genotypes were found before and after CS, respectively. There was no difference between the L. paracasei and the L. rhamnosus isolated from carious dentin, neither regarding acid production nor acid tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Although there was a significant reduction in lactobacilli in the residual carious dentin after SCR, some strains were capable of surviving after three months of CS. However, the sealed available nutrients are low and not sufficient for caries progression. Also, we believe that a longer follow up period may eliminate all the residual lactobacilli. L. paracasei prevailed in carious dentin in a proportion similar to L. rhamnosus in the sealed dentin. Characterization of lactobacilli after SCR and sealing may help the understanding the importance of genotyping of lactobacilli in carious microbiota.
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Efficacy evaluation of an anti-caries varnish: protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial.
Milgrom, P, Tut, O, Rothen, M, Mancl, L, Gallen, M, Tanzer, JM
BMJ open. 2017;(6):e017866
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries (tooth decay) is a common disease in which the products of sugar metabolism by certain bacteria that populate the tooth surface induce the development and progression of lesions (cavities). This is a phase II single-centre randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group trial to assess the efficacy of a combination povidone iodine and sodium fluoride dental varnish to determine if it is superior to a varnish containing only sodium fluoride in the prevention of new caries lesions. The objective of this report is to describe the rationale and protocol for the trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study site is Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia. The study population is 284 children 48-84 months old. The primary outcome will be the surface-level primary molar caries increment (d2-3mfs/DMFS) at 2 years post baseline. The incremental dental caries at 1 year will also be compared between the two interventions. The secondary outcome is the Facial Image Scale after the initial treatment and after the fifth treatment at 1 year that gauges the child's response to the treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Western Institutional Review Board (designated IRB) and the Institutional Review Board of the College of Micronesia-FSM approved all study procedures. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued IND 128835 covering this study. The study results will be published and submitted to the FDA in support of a new drug application. TRIALREGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03082196.
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A CAMBRA Model For High Caries Risk Indian Children: A Pragmatic Comprehensive Tailored Intervention.
Gauba, K, Goyal, A, Mittal, N
The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2016;(1):36-43
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a CAMBRA based therapeutic and preventive model for high caries risk children in a pediatric dentistry clinic set-up. STUDY DESIGN A total of 100 systemically healthy children aged 4-8 years with dmft/DMFT ≥ 5 and/or ≤ 20% magnitude of cariogram sector 'chance to avoid new cavities' were enrolled. The program comprised of following components i.e. caries risk assessment, customized preventive interventions (Motivational interviewing and counseling, oral prophylaxis, fluoride varnish, fissure sealants) and restorative procedures. The recall intervals were scheduled on the basis of caries risk i.e. every 1 month (≤ 40% chance to avoid new cavities) and 3 months (≥ 41% chance to avoid new cavities). The primary outcome measure was 'new carious lesions' at 12 months following achievement of 'termination levels' i.e. ≥ 41% magnitude of 'chance to avoid new cavities.' The secondary outcome measures were changes in cariogram parameters at termination and duration needed to achieve termination levels. RESULTS The program showed 97% success rate as 3/100 subjects developed new carious lesions at 12 months follow up. Highly significant (p<0.001) favorable shift was achieved in cariogram parameters at termination. Termination levels were achieved in 2.71 ± 4.854 months. CONCLUSIONS The present CAMBRA based program with customized intervention and recall schedules showed favorable results.
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A prospective clinical trial on the influence of a triamcinolone/demeclocycline and a calcium hydroxide based temporary cement on pain perception.
Willershausen, B, Willershausen, I, Ehlers, V, Azaripour, A, Briseño, B
Head & face medicine. 2012;:9
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this clinical trial was to compare the degree of short term post-operative irritation after application of a triamcinolone/demeclocycyline based or a calcium hydroxide based provisional cement. METHODS A total of 109 patients (55 female and 54 male; mean age: 51 ± 14 years) with primary or secondary dentinal caries were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups of this biomedical clinical trial (phase III). Selection criteria were good systemic health and treated teeth, which were vital and showed no symptoms of pulpitis. Up to three teeth were prepared for indirect metallic restorations, and the provisional restorations were cemented with a triamcinolone/demeclocycyline (Ledermix) or a calcium hydroxide (Provicol) based material. The intensity of post-operative pain experienced was documented according to the VAS (4, 12, 20, 24, and 82 h) and compared to VAS baseline. RESULTS A total of 159 teeth were treated (Ledermix: 83 teeth, Provicol: 76 teeth). The minor irritation of the teeth, experienced prior to treatment, was similar in both groups; however, 4 h after treatment this value was significantly higher in the Provicol group than in the Ledermix group (p < 0.005, t-test). After 12 h, the difference was no longer significant. The number of patients taking analgesics for post-treatment pain was higher in the Provicol group (n = 11/53) than in the Ledermix group (n = 3/56). CONCLUSIONS The patients had no long term post-operative pain experience in both groups. However, within the first hours after cementation the sensation of pain was considerably higher in the Provicol group than in the Ledermix group.
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Slow-release fluoride glass devices: in vivo fluoride release and retention of the devices in children.
Andreadis, GA, Toumba, KJ, Curzon, ME
European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2006;(4):258-61
Abstract
AIMS: To study the fluoride release and retention of new-shaped glass slow-release F devices (SRFD) in vivo in children. METHODS A group of 15 children had a SRFD with 17.4% or 14.8 mgm F with a relative solubility of 294, attached intra-orally on the buccal surface of one of their maxillary permanent molars. The devices were monitored for six months. RESULTS The retention rate of the devices was 93% and the mean salivary F levels in the child volunteers was 01.17+/-0.1 ppm F compared with 0.025 ppm F baseline levels. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). There were no systemic or local side effects. CONCLUSIONS The devices were well tolerated by children and released fluoride intra-orally for the whole period of six months to a level consistent with inhibition of demineralisation.
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Chemical exchange between glass-ionomer restorations and residual carious dentine in permanent molars: an in vivo study.
Ngo, HC, Mount, G, Mc Intyre, J, Tuisuva, J, Von Doussa, RJ
Journal of dentistry. 2006;(8):608-13
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the remineralization of carious dentine following the restoration of an extensive lesion in a permanent molar with a high strength glass-ionomer cement (GIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen first permanent molars, which were scheduled for extraction because of the presence of extensive caries lesions, were selected for this study. They were first restored, according to the ART technique, using encapsulated Fuji IX(GP), which contains a strontium glass rather than the traditional calcium glass. The cavities were prepared with a clean enamel margin and minimal removal of the carious dentine around the walls. After a period of 1-3 months they were harvested and subsequently sectioned and examined using an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS EPMA demonstrated that both fluorine and strontium ions had penetrated deep into the underlying demineralized dentine. The only possible source of these ions was the GIC restoration. CONCLUSION The pattern of penetration of the fluorine and strontium ions into the dentine was consistent with a remineralization process.
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Evidence for putting the calculus: caries inverse relationship to work.
Duckworth, RM, Huntington, E
Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2005;(5):349-56
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report previously unpublished data from three different types of clinical study to show the strength of the evidence purporting to demonstrate the existence of an inverse relationship between subjects' calculus and caries experience. METHODS Data have been analysed from: a 3-year caries clinical trial of six toothpastes conducted in Lanarkshire, Scotland that involved 3000 children, Study 1; a caries epidemiological study in the Isle of Lewis that involved 228 children, Study 2; a calculus formation study carried out at Port Sunlight using a wide age range of adults, Study 3. RESULTS Baseline data taken from Study 1 show that caries prevalence is highly significantly lower in calculus-prone than in calculus-free subjects (P < 0.0001). The inverse relationship is also demonstrated by the 3-year caries increment data for subjects who had used non-zinc toothpastes. Results from Study 2 show that a similar association arose for 8-year olds over a 6-year period, based on their erupting teeth alone. Finally, data from Study 3 show that whilst the extent of caries and calculus experience are both positively linked to age, within specific age groups the relationship between the two dental conditions on an individual subject basis is clearly of an inverse nature. CONCLUSIONS The present work confirms that calculus status has a direct bearing on both current and future caries experience. Baseline calculus status could be, and has subsequently been demonstrated to be, a useful stratifying factor for caries clinical trials.
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[Use of biopolymer membrane diplen-F in treatment of initial enamel carious lesion on smooth surfaces].
Pancu, G, Lăcătuşu, S, Iovan, G, Andrian, S
Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi. 2005;(3):648-51
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using a fluoride product included in a biodegradable membrane in remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions. The membrane has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and remineralization properties, with a long-term effect. The efficiency of this treatment was assessed by measuring the surface of the demineralization area and its depth. The results proved that the use of this membrane in association with remineralization therapy of the initial enamel carious lesions increase the chances of success and represents a simple solution easily accepted by the patients.
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Delivery of tea polyphenols to the oral cavity by green tea leaves and black tea extract.
Lee, MJ, Lambert, JD, Prabhu, S, Meng, X, Lu, H, Maliakal, P, Ho, CT, Yang, CS
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2004;(1):132-7
Abstract
Catechins and theaflavins, polyphenolic compounds derived from tea (Camellia sinensis, fam. Theaceae), have been reported to have a wide range of biological activities including prevention of tooth decay and oral cancer. The present study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of green tea leaves and black tea extract for the delivery of catechins and theaflavins to the oral cavity. After holding either green tea leaves (2 g) or brewed black tea (2 g of black tea leaves in 100 ml) in the mouth for 2-5 min and thoroughly rinsing the mouth, high concentrations of catechins (C(max) = 131.0-2.2 micro M) and theaflavins (C(max) = 1.8-0.6 micro M) were observed in saliva in the 1st hour. Whereas there was significant interindividual variation in the peak levels of catechins and theaflavins, the overall kinetic profile was similar, with t(1/2) = 25-44 min and 49-76 min for catechins and theaflavins, respectively (average coefficient of variation in t(1/2) was 23.4%). In addition to the parent catechin and theaflavin peaks, five unidentified peaks were also observed in saliva after black tea treatment. Hydrolysis of theaflavin gallates, apparently by salivary esterases, was observed in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that tea leaves can be used as a convenient, slow-release source of catechins and theaflavins and provide information for the possible use of tea in the prevention of oral cancer and dental caries.
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Clinical evaluation of three restorative materials applied in a minimal intervention caries treatment approach.
Zanata, RL, Navarro, MF, Barbosa, SH, Lauris, JR, Franco, EB
Journal of public health dentistry. 2003;(4):221-6
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reports on a longitudinal evaluation of three materials (glass ionomer, zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and composite) employed in a minimal restorative intervention approach of 81 high caries-active pregnant women selected for a preventive oral health program in Brazil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of the glass ionomer cement, currently indicated in programs for control of carious lesions. METHODS The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups were engaged in an oral health promotion approach. In Group 1, 417 glass ionomer restorations were placed in 43 individuals, involving all types and sizes of cavities. In the second group, 213 posterior zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) restorations and 127 anterior composite restorations were placed in 38 patients. Minimal cavity preparations were made, in which only soft or infected dentin was removed, on the basis of clinical judgment. RESULTS After two years, the restorations were clinically evaluated by two examiners for marginal integrity, amount of wear, presence of fracture, carious lesions, and lost restorations. Statistical analysis (chi-square test) identified statistically significant difference between glass ionomer and ZOE (90.6% vs 9.2%). Comparing glass ionomer and composite, similar survival rates were observed. The success rate observed for the glass ionomer cement ranged from 77.1 percent to 92.5 percent, depending on the type and size of cavity in which it was applied. Four teeth restored with glass ionomer cement and one tooth restored with composite showed caries signs. Regarding the ZOE restorations, caries was always associated with other causes of failure such as excessive wear, restoration loss, or marginal defects, with no possibility of separate evaluation. Despite the preventive and therapeutic measurements employed, a mean increase of 2.15 new surfaces with cavities was observed in Group 1, as well as 2.83 surfaces presenting the same status in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that highly viscous glass ionomer cement applied in a minimal intervention approach provided high-quality preventive and restorative care after two years to a population at high risk for caries. The composite was employed in cavities exposed to lower stress, such as in the anterior teeth, and its behavior was comparable to that of the glass ionomer cement. The reinforced ZOE presented a high failure rate, thus contraindicating its use for such purpose.