-
1.
Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia.
Li, J, He, X, Yuan Yuan, , Zhang, W, Li, X, Zhang, Y, Li, S, Guan, C, Gao, Z, Dong, G
American journal of infection control. 2021;(1):82-89
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics, outcomes and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compared severe (ICU) and nonsevere (non-ICU) groups. RESULTS We included 12 cohort studies including 2,445 patients with COVID-19. Compared with nonsevere (non-ICU) patients, severe (ICU) disease was associated with a smoking history (P = .003) and comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 5.08, P < .001), diabetes (OR = 3.17, P < .001), hypertension (OR = 2.40, P < .001), coronary heart disease (OR = 2.66, P < .001), cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 2.68, P = .008), and malignancy (OR=2.21, P = .040). We found significant differences between the 2 groups for fever, dyspnea, decreased lymphocyte and platelet counts, and increased leukocyte count, C-creative protein, procalcitonin, lactose dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine kinase, and creatinine levels (P < .05). Significant differences were also observed for multiple treatments (P < .05). Patients in the severe (ICU) group were more likely to have complications and had a much higher mortality rate and lower discharge rate than those with nonsevere (non-ICU) disease (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Investigation of clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe cases of COVID-19 will contribute to early prediction, accurate diagnosis, and treatment to improve the prognosis of patients with severe illness.
-
2.
Effect of Using a Wheeled Walker on Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomised Cross-Over Trial.
Hill, K, Ng, LWC, Cecins, N, Formico, VR, Cavalheri, V, Jenkins, SC
Lung. 2020;(1):213-219
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of providing a wheeled walker (WW) for use in the home and community, on daily physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS A randomised cross-over study in which participants with COPD characterised by a 6-min walk distance ≤ 450 m, who had recently finished pulmonary rehabilitation, completed two 5-week phases. During one phase, participants were provided a WW to use, whereas during the other phase, the WW was not available. The order of the phases was randomised. For the final week of each phase, measures of PA and ST were collected using wearable devices and health-related quality of life was measured using the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ). Wheeled walker use was also measured using an odometer attached to the device. RESULTS 17 participants [FEV1 = median (interquartile range) 33 (25) % pred; ten males] aged mean (SD) 73 (9) years completed the study. Comparing the data collected when the WW was not available for use, the daily step count was greater (mean difference [MD] 707 steps/day (95% confidence interval [CI] 75 to 1340) and participants tended to report less dyspnoea during daily life (MD 0.5 points per item, 95% CI - 0.1 to 1.0) when WW was available. No differences were observed for ST, upright time or stepping time. The WW was used over 4504 m/week (95% CI 2746 to 6262). CONCLUSION These data demonstrated that, when provided to selected patients with COPD, WWs increased daily step count. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12609000332224.
-
3.
Intravenous iron and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial.
Santer, P, McGahey, A, Frise, MC, Petousi, N, Talbot, NP, Baskerville, R, Bafadhel, M, Nickol, AH, Robbins, PA
BMJ open respiratory research. 2020;(1)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased iron availability modifies cardiorespiratory function in healthy volunteers and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure or pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesised that intravenous iron would produce improvements in oxygenation, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in 48 participants with COPD (mean±SD: age 69±8 years, haemoglobin 144.8±13.2 g/L, ferritin 97.1±70.0 µg/L, transferrin saturation 31.3%±15.2%; GOLD grades II-IV), each of whom received a single dose of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM; 15 mg/kg bodyweight) or saline placebo. The primary endpoint was peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) at rest after 1 week. The secondary endpoints included daily SpO2, overnight SpO2, exercise SpO2, 6 min walk distance, symptom and quality of life scores, serum iron indices, spirometry, echocardiographic measures, and exacerbation frequency. RESULTS SpO2 was unchanged 1 week after FCM administration (difference between groups 0.8%, 95% CI -0.2% to 1.7%). However, in secondary analyses, exercise capacity increased significantly after FCM administration, compared with placebo, with a mean difference in 6 min walk distance of 12.6 m (95% CI 1.6 to 23.5 m). Improvements of ≥40 m were observed in 29.2% of iron-treated and 0% of placebo-treated participants after 1 week (p=0.009). Modified MRC Dyspnoea Scale score was also significantly lower after FCM, and fewer participants reported scores ≥2 in the FCM group, compared with placebo (33.3% vs 66.7%, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed in other secondary endpoints. Adverse event rates were similar between groups, except for hypophosphataemia, which occurred more frequently after FCM (91.7% vs 8.3%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS FCM did not improve oxygenation over 8 weeks in patients with COPD. However, this treatment was well tolerated and produced improvements in exercise capacity and functional limitation caused by breathlessness. These effects on secondary endpoints require confirmation in future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN09143837.
-
4.
Physiological and perceptual responses to exercise according to locus of symptom limitation in COPD.
Tracey, L, Lewthwaite, H, Abdallah, SJ, Murray, S, Wilkinson-Maitland, CA, Donovan, A, Maltais, F, O'Donnell, DE, Bourbeau, J, Smith, BM, et al
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. 2020;:103322
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary factors contributing to exercise intolerance. The primary self-reported exercise-limiting symptom may reflect the primary pathophysiological factor contributing to exercise intolerance. We compared physiological and perceptual responses at the symptom-limited peak of incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing between people with COPD reporting breathlessness (B, n = 34), leg discomfort (LD, n = 16), or a combination of B and LD (BOTH, n = 42) as their main exercise-limiting symptom(s). Despite similarly impaired health status, symptomology and peak exercise capacity, the B group had greater restrictive constraints on tidal volume expansion at end-exercise and was more likely to report unpleasant qualities of exertional breathlessness than LD and BOTH groups. In conclusion, reporting breathlessness as the primary exercise-limiting symptom indicated the presence of distinct lung pathophysiology and symptom perception during exercise in people with COPD.
-
5.
The nasogastric tube is stuck - and causes coughing and dyspnoea: A rare complication.
Walldorf, J, Michl, P, Krug, S
Intensive & critical care nursing. 2020;:102786
Abstract
For critically ill patients, it is very important that enteral nutrition is established as early as possible. Nasogastric tubes are commonly used for transient enteral nutrition and are generally considered safe to use and handle. However, in unconscious patients special care is needed to detect - possibly life threatening - complications. Here we report the case of a nasogastric tube, which inadvertently looped around the epiglottis. The symptoms and treatment of this rare complication are described and possible measures to prevent this situation are discussed.
-
6.
Performance of the Manchester Triage System in patients with dyspnoea: A retrospective observational study.
Ausserhofer, D, Zaboli, A, Pfeifer, N, Siller, M, Turcato, G
International emergency nursing. 2020;:100931
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 1% and 7.5% of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) suffer from dyspnoea. The Manchester Triage System is one of Europe's most used triage systems considering five levels to prioritize patients in the ED: level 1 (red), immediate; level 2 (orange), very urgent; level 3 (yellow), urgent; level 4 (green), standard; level 5 (blue), non-urgent. With this study we aimed to evaluate the performance of the Manchester Triage System in patients with dyspnoea. METHODS With this retrospective, observational study we analysed data from 4'076 patients with dyspnoea accessing the ED in one Italian hospital between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2019. To determine the sensitivity and specificity we computed the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) comparing the sensitivity and specificity for each of the five priority codes and seven-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 3.6% (n = 145) of the patients died within seven days after access to the ED. From the patients dying within seven days, 6.2% (9/145) had a blue or green priority code, 17.9% (26/145) had a yellow priority code and 75.9% had an orange or red priority code. A high priority code (orange or red) had a sensitivity of 75.9%, a specificity of 66.1%, a PPV of 7.6% and a NPV of 98.7%. The AUC was 0.734 (CI 95% 0.695-0.773, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The Manchester Triage System showed acceptable sensitivity and negative predictive value in patients with dyspnoea, yet a low specificity related to the risk of death. The system is safe, resulting in a low under-triage rate for death. Improving the clinical assessment during nurses' triage (e.g. considering clinical history and auscultation of lungs) and prospective validation studies with surrogate endpoints is needed in this population.
-
7.
Tolvaptan in reversing worsening acute heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wang, L, Zhang, Q, Liu, M, Chen, S, Han, S, Li, J, Du, R
The Journal of international medical research. 2019;(11):5414-5425
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare efficacy and clinical outcomes of tolvaptan in treating acute heart failure (AHF). METHODS Using MEDLINE, we searched relevant clinical studies using tolvaptan that investigated clinical effects in treating AHF. We performed meta-analysis for potentially extractable clinical outcomes such as body weight reduction, change in serum sodium levels, and clinical or safety events including worsening heart failure, worsening renal function (WRF), all-cause mortality, rehospitalization, and dyspnea improvement. RESULTS The results showed that tolvaptan significantly reduced body weight (mean change: −1.28 kg, 95% credible interval (CI): −1.58–0.98), increased serum sodium levels (mean change: 3.48 mmol/L; 95% Cl: 3.22–3.74), and improved dyspnea function (odds ratio (OR): 1.43; 95% CI: 1.26–1.62) versus conventional therapy. The event risk of WRF was also significantly reduced (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15–0.80). Low, intermediate, and high tolvaptan doses did not reduce mortality and rehospitalization risks. No significant publication bias was observed regarding effects on mortality and rehospitalization. CONCLUSION Current evidence indicates that using tolvaptan as add-on therapy can decrease body weight, increase sodium levels, improve dyspnea function, and reverse WRF, which may circumvent loop diuretics overdose and improve outcomes in patients with AHF.
-
8.
Updates in opioid and nonopioid treatment for chronic breathlessness.
Abdallah, SJ, Jensen, D, Lewthwaite, H
Current opinion in supportive and palliative care. 2019;(3):167-173
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic breathlessness is a troublesome symptom experienced by people with advanced malignant and nonmalignant disease. Disease-directed therapies are often insufficient in the management of chronic breathlessness. Therefore, pharmacological and nonpharmacological breathlessness-specific interventions should be considered for select patients. RECENT FINDINGS There is some evidence to support the use of low-dose opioids (≤30 mg morphine equivalents per day) for the relief of breathlessness in the short term. However, additional studies are needed to understand the efficacy of opioids for chronic breathlessness in the long term.Nonopioid therapies, including inspiratory muscle training, fan-to-face therapy, L-menthol and inhaled nebulized furosemide show some promise for the relief of breathlessness in advanced disease. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of anxiolytics and benzodiazepines and cannabis for chronic breathlessness. SUMMARY More research is needed to identify therapies for the management of chronic breathlessness.
-
9.
Factor Xa inhibition and sPESI failure in intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism.
Trevino, AR, Perez, L, Jerjes-Sanchez, C, Rodriguez, D, Panneflek, J, Ortiz-Ledesma, C, Nevarez, F, Jimenez, V, Valdes, F, de Obeso, E
The American journal of emergency medicine. 2018;(10):1925.e3-1925.e4
Abstract
We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented at the Emergency Department (ED), complaining of sudden-onset dyspnea and chest pain after a long flight from Tokyo to Houston. Considering his clinical stability and sPESI 0, enoxaparin 1 mg/kg BID was started for 24 h, and the patient was then considered for early discharge with apixaban 10 mg BID. Direct-factor Xa inhibition did not improve extensive thrombus burden and right ventricular dysfunction despite D-dimer measurement reduction. Because of the treatment failure, we considered thrombolysis. Currently, recommendations to use thrombolysis in patients under non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) do not exist. Hence, the one dose of apixaban was stopped, and 12 h later, we performed successful thrombolysis. A systematic review from 2007 to 2017 did not identify any cases related to NOACs failure to reduce thrombus burdens in patients with PE and persistent right ventricular dysfunction. We also did not find any evidence of cases that reported strategies for urgent thrombolysis in PE patients on NOACs. To the best of our knowledge, apixaban's failure to reduce thrombus burden, persistent right ventricular dysfunction, and a NOACs-thrombolysis bridge in patients with PE on apixaban has not been previously described. Both the bedside risk stratification and the therapeutic failures should alert clinicians in the ED to the potential limitations of low-molecular-weight heparin, NOACs therapy, and sPESI in the setting of intermediate-high-risk PE.
-
10.
Heart failure in patients presenting with dyspnoea to the emergency department in the Asia Pacific region: an observational study.
Keijzers, G, Kelly, AM, Cullen, L, Klim, S, Graham, CA, Craig, S, Kuan, WS, Jones, P, Holdgate, A, Lawoko, C, et al
BMJ open. 2017;(2):e013812
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe demographic features, assessment, management and outcomes of patients who were diagnosed with heart failure after presenting to an emergency department (ED) with a principal symptom of dyspnoea. DESIGN Planned substudy of the prospective, descriptive cohort study: Asia, Australia and New Zealand Dyspnoea in Emergency Departments (AANZDEM). SETTING 46 EDs in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia collected data over 3 72-hour periods in May, August and October 2014. PARTICIPANTS Patients with an ED diagnosis of heart failure. OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes included patient epidemiology, investigations ordered, treatment modalities used and patient outcomes (hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality). RESULTS 455 (14.9%) of the 3044 patients had an ED diagnosis of heart failure. Median age was 79 years, half were male and 62% arrived via ambulance. 392 (86%) patients were admitted to hospital. ED diagnosis was concordant with hospital discharge diagnosis in 81% of cases. Median hospital LOS was 6 days (IQR 4-9) and in-hospital mortality was 5.1%. Natriuretic peptide levels were ordered in 19%, with lung ultrasound (<1%) and echocardiography (2%) uncommonly performed. Treatment modalities included non-invasive ventilation (12%), diuretics (73%), nitrates (25%), antibiotics (16%), inhaled β-agonists (13%) and corticosteroids (6%). CONCLUSIONS In the Asia Pacific region, heart failure is a common diagnosis among patients presenting to the ED with a principal symptom of dyspnoea. Admission rates were high and ED diagnostic accuracy was good. Despite the seemingly suboptimal adherence to investigation and treatment guidelines, patient outcomes were favourable compared with other registries.