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Integrated Genomic Strategies for Cereal Genetic Enhancement: Combining QTL and Association Mapping.
Daware, A, Parida, SK, Tyagi, AK
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2020;:15-25
Abstract
Identification of genetic basis for important agronomic traits is essential for marker-assisted crop improvement. Linkage mapping is one of the most popular approaches utilized for identification of major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing important agronomic traits in cereals. However, the identified QTLs usually span large genomic intervals and very few of these are subsequently fine mapped to single major effect gene. This hinders application of these QTLs in marker-aided breeding and crop genetic enhancement. On the contrary, association mapping, another popular approach for identification of QTLs, provides very high resolution but suffers from high level of false positives. Joint linkage-association analysis provides a way to combine advantages and avoid the pitfalls associated with both these methods. In this context, we recently developed MetaQTL specific regional association analysis and demonstrated its utility to rapidly narrow down previously identified QTL intervals to few candidate genes. Here, we describe the detailed step-by-step guide for performing MetaQTL specific regional association analysis to identify important genomic regions and underlying potential major effect genes governing traits of agronomic importance in cereals.
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2.
Effects of cereal beta-glucan consumption on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and total energy intake: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Rahmani, J, Miri, A, Černevičiūtė, R, Thompson, J, de Souza, NN, Sultana, R, Kord Varkaneh, H, Mousavi, SM, Hekmatdoost, A
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2019;:131-139
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE(S): Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and a common medical condition associated with a variety of chronic diseases. Cereal beta-glucans are soluble fibers with potential health benefits. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of cereal beta-glucan consumption on weight, but these results have not been summarized in a meta-analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cereal beta-glucan consumption on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and a total energy intake. METHODS Studies were identified using MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Screening of relevant articles and references was carried out until December 2018. There were no language restrictions. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the Preferred Items for Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Twenty eligible studies were identified and analyzed. Our study found a significant reduction in body weight and body mass index (BMI) following beta-glucan consumption (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.77 kg, 95% CI: -1.49, -0.04) and (WMD: -0.62 kg/cm2, 95% CI: -1.04, -0.21), respectively. There was no significant effect on waist circumference and energy intake. A subgroup analysis showed that a beta-glucan dose of ≥ 4 g/day lead to an increase in energy intake. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicates that cereal beta-glucan consumption seems to decrease body weight and BMI, but has no effect on waist circumference and energy intake.
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3.
Prevalence and concentration of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and total aflatoxin in cereal-based products: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Fakhri, Y, Raeisi, S, Armoon, B, Sant'Ana, AS
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2018;:830-848
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and concentration of total aflatoxin (TAF) ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in bread, cornflakes, breakfast cereals and pasta-based products through meta-analysis. The required databases including (PubMed and Scopus databases) were investigated to collect data on the concentration and prevalence of mentioned mycotoxins in cereal-based products. Among 2461 explored articles in identification step, 38 articles with 9627 samples were included in the conducted meta-analysis. The prevalence and concentration of studied mycotoxins varied with the cereal-based food studied. In this context, the overall rank order of mycotoxins prevalence in the cereal foods was OTA > DON > ZEN > TAF > 15-ADON > 3-ADON. Also, the overall rank order of mycotoxins based on concentration in the cereal foods investigated was DON > ZEN > 15-ADON > OTA > 3-ADON > TAF. The findings of this meta-analysis may be useful for the building of risk assessment models aiming to derive data for the development of specific actions to reduce the exposure to OTA, ZEN, TAF, and DON through the consumption of the cereal-based products.
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4.
Impact of unit operations during processing of cereal-based products on the levels of deoxynivalenol, total aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Fakhri, Y, Sant'Ana, AS
Food chemistry. 2018;:611-624
Abstract
The study aimed to perform a meta-analysis on the fate of ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON) and total aflatoxin (TAF) during steps of bread and pasta-based products processing. A total of twenty and eight articles (549 data) collected from 1983 through June 2017 were included. Some of the investigated processing such as milling and fermentation caused an increase in the concentration of DON and TAF; although they reduce the concentration of ZEN and OTA. Also, heat processing (cooking) decrease the DON, OTA, and TAF and increase the concentration of ZEN in bread. Cooking reduces the concentration of DON and ZEN in the biscuit. Cooking of pasta reduces the content of DON; however, it increases the concentration of TFA. The findings showed that the mycotoxins and their fate were influenced differently by the unit operations steps involved in the preparation of the different cereal-based products.
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5.
Cereal Lignans, Natural Compounds of Interest for Human Health?
Zanella, I, Biasiotto, G, Holm, F, di Lorenzo, D
Natural product communications. 2017;(1):139-146
Abstract
Cereals are suggested to be the most important sources of lignan in the diets of western populations. Recent epidemiological studies show that European subpopulations in which the major source of lignans are cereals, display lower disease frequency regarding metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms of lignan are several. Beyond their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions at nutritional doses some lignans regulate the activity of specific nuclear receptors (NRs), such as the estrogen receptors (ERs), and also NRs that are central switches in glucose and fatty acid metabolism such as PPARα, PPARγ and LXRs, highlighting them as selective nuclear receptor modulators (SNRMs). These include enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from food lignans. The available knowledge suggests that given some additional research it should be possible to make 'function' claims for a regular intake of lignans-rich foods related to maintaining a healthy metabolism.
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6.
Cereal fibre intake and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, cancer and inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Hajishafiee, M, Saneei, P, Benisi-Kohansal, S, Esmaillzadeh, A
The British journal of nutrition. 2016;(2):343-52
Abstract
Dietary fibre intake has been associated with a lower risk of mortality; however, findings on the association of different sources of dietary fibre with mortality are conflicting. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prospective cohort studies to assess the relation between cereal fibre intake and cause-specific mortality. Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, ISI web of Science and Google scholar were searched up to April 2015. Eligible prospective cohort studies were included if they provided hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95 % CI for the association of cereal fibre intake and mortality from all causes, CVD, cancer and inflammatory diseases. The study-specific HR were pooled by using the random-effects model. In total, fourteen prospective studies that examined the association of cereal fibre intake with mortality from all causes (n 48 052 death), CVD (n 16 882 death), cancer (n 19 489 death) and inflammatory diseases (n 1092 death) were included. The pooled adjusted HR of all-cause mortality for the highest v. the lowest category of cereal fibre intake was 0·81 (95 % CI 0·79, 0·83). Consumption of cereal fibre intake was associated with an 18 % lower risk of CVD mortality (RR 0·82; 95 % CI 0·78, 0·86). Moreover, an inverse significant association was observed between cereal fibre intake and risk of death from cancer (RR 0·85; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·89). However, no significant association was seen between cereal fibre intake and inflammation-related mortality. This meta-analysis provides further evidence that cereal fibre intake was protectively associated with mortality from all causes, CVD and cancer.
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7.
Hypersensitivities to sesame and other common edible seeds.
Patel, A, Bahna, SL
Allergy. 2016;(10):1405-13
Abstract
Several seeds have been increasingly incorporated in various food items, with consequent risk of hypersensitivity reactions that are often severe. Identification of the specific seed as the culprit is often not explored or is difficult to verify. In this article, we reviewed the English literature from January 1930 to March 2016 using PubMed and Google Scholar searching for publications relevant to hypersensitivity to common edible seeds, namely sesame, sunflower seed, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, flaxseed, and mustard seed. Considering the worldwide consumption of those seeds, the number of published articles on the subject was relatively small and was mainly as case reports rather than large series. Allergy to sesame was more reported than to other seeds, with an estimated prevalence of 0.1-0.2%. In this review, we summarize the information relevant to each of the six seeds and their oils regarding the manifestations, routes of exposure, identified major allergens, and cross-reactivity with other seeds or other foods. We also addressed the important role of a thorough history taking in suspecting seed allergy, the limited reliability of routine diagnostic procedures, and the importance of verification by appropriate challenge tests. At present, management is basically dietary avoidance and the use of symptomatic medications that may include epinephrine auto-injectors. We did not encounter any well-designed studies on immunotherapy for seed allergy, but it is hoped that such a gap be filled by the development of safe effective protocols in the near future.
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8.
Effectiveness of whole grain consumption in the prevention of colorectal cancer: meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Haas, P, Machado, MJ, Anton, AA, Silva, AS, de Francisco, A
International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2009;:1-13
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of whole grain consumption in preventing colorectal cancer. A systematic review with meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies was carried out. The age group of the population studied (1,719,590 participants) was between 25 and 76 years of age. The review evaluated the relative risks with the Cox proportional hazard model. The period of study varied from 6 to 16 years, where 7,745 persons developed colorectal cancer during the follow-up period. In the multivariate analysis, the highest quintile relative risk was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.03), whereas that for the lowest quintile was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.04). The location of tumors was also evaluated, with tumors in the colon demonstrating a relative risk of 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.02) and tumors in the recto a relative risk equal to 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.00). In this multivariate analysis, consumption of whole grains was inversely associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer.