-
1.
Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell in Chinese patients with chronic renal failure: A pilot study in Shandong province, China.
Shao, Z, Meng, X, Meng, F
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2021;(3(Special)):1227-1231
Abstract
This study designed to evaluate efficacy and safety profile of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) versus Acetyl cysteine (NACys) in the Chinese patients with Chronic renal failure (CRF). The CRF patients having eGFR less than 60ml per minute per 1.73m2 randomly assigned to MSCs (N=100) or NACys (N=100) (1:1) for 8 weeks. MSCs administered as intravenous infusion of marrow-derived autologous MSCs (1 × 106 to 2 × 106/kg) reperfusion, whereas, another group received NACys 600mg orally twice a day for 8 weeks. The efficacy variables include: creatinine; cystatin C; TGF-β levels; oxidants/reactive oxygen species production induced by TGF-β; collagen levels (type 1 and 4); urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and Glomerular area. Safety was also assesed. Both the treatments significantly decreased creatinine, cystatin C and reactive oxygen species from baseline, however, reduction in creatinine, cystatin C, and reactive oxygen species level from baseline was significantly higher in patient treated with MSCs (N=100) as compared to NACys (N=100). Moreover, improvement in renal and systemic functional parameters from baseline was significantly higher in patient treated with MSCs as compared to NACys. Overall, MSCs offer significantly greater improvement in renal function as compared to NACys in Chinese CRF patients.
-
2.
Associations of methyl donor and methylation inhibitor levels during anti-oxidant therapy in heart failure.
Joseph, J, Giczewska, A, Alhanti, B, Cheema, AK, Handy, DE, Mann, DL, Loscalzo, J, Givertz, MM
Journal of physiology and biochemistry. 2021;(2):295-304
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Redox balance and methylation are crucial to homeostasis and are linked by the methionine-homocysteine cycle. We examined whether differences in methylation potential, measured as plasma levels of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), occur at baseline and during anti-oxidant therapy with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We analyzed plasma samples collected at baseline and 24 weeks in the Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients (EXACT-HF) study, which randomized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction to allopurinol or placebo. Associations between plasma levels of SAM, SAH, SAM/SAH ratio, and outcomes, including laboratory markers and clinical events, were assessed. Despite randomization, median SAM levels were significantly lower at baseline in the allopurinol group. SAH levels at 24 weeks, and change in SAM from baseline to week 24, were significantly higher in the group of patients randomized to allopurinol compared to the placebo group. A significant correlation was observed between change in SAH levels and change in plasma uric acid (baseline to 24-week changes) in the allopurinol group. There were no significant associations between levels of SAM, SAH, and SAM/SAH ratio and clinical outcomes. Our results demonstrate significant biological variability in SAM and SAH levels at baseline and during treatment with an anti-oxidant and suggest a potential mechanism for the lack of efficacy observed in trials of anti-oxidant therapy. These data also highlight the need to explore personalized therapy for heart failure.
-
3.
Could Omega 3 fatty acids reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography? A randomized controlled trial.
Alrowaie, FA, Almatham, KI, Alsamadi, F, Bashir, MS, Munshi, HH
Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia. 2021;(2):328-335
Abstract
Contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a leading cause of acquired acute kidney injury and has been associated with prolonged hospitalization and adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine if omega 3 fatty acids reduce the risk of CIN in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography. A total of 130 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography were randomly assigned to one of two groups as follows: 67 patients were assigned to the N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 1200 mg) and 63 patients were assigned to the omega 3 fatty acid (4 g). Both drugs were administered orally twice per day one day before and on the day of contrast administration. Of the 130 patients enrolled in this study, 10 (7.7%) experienced an increase of at least 0.5 mg/dL (44 μmol/L) in serum creatinine levels 48 h after administration of the contrast agent including 5 of the 67 patients in the NAC group (7.5%) and 5 of the 63 patients in the omega 3 fatty acids group (7.9%; P = 0.919). There were no significant differences in the need for renal replacement therapy (3.0% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.121) or in the mortality rate (3.0% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.361) between the two groups. Short-term prophylactic omega 3 fatty acid treatment with hydration does not reduce the risk of CIN in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography.
-
4.
Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.
Kim, M, Byun, J, Chung, Y, Lee, SU, Park, JE, Park, W, Park, JC, Ahn, JS, Lee, S
Stroke. 2021;(4):1172-1181
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
-
5.
Randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine therapy for RYR1-related myopathies.
Todd, JJ, Lawal, TA, Witherspoon, JW, Chrismer, IC, Razaqyar, MS, Punjabi, M, Elliott, JS, Tounkara, F, Kuo, A, Shelton, MO, et al
Neurology. 2020;(13):e1434-e1444
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for decreasing elevated oxidative stress and increasing physical endurance in individuals with ryanodine receptor 1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM). METHODS In this 6-month natural history assessment (n = 37) followed by a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 33 eligible participants were block-randomized (1:1) to receive NAC (n = 16) or placebo (n = 17), orally for 6 months (adult dose 2,700 mg/d; pediatric dose 30 mg/kg/d). The primary endpoint was urine 15-F2t isoprostane concentration and the clinically meaningful co-primary endpoint was 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance. RESULTS When compared to the general population, participants had elevated baseline 15-F2t isoprostane concentrations and most had a decreased 6MWT distance (mean ± SD 3.2 ± 1.5 vs 1.1 ± 1.7 ng/mg creatinine and 468 ± 134 vs 600 ± 58 m, respectively, both p < 0.001). 15-F2t isoprostane concentration and 6MWT distance did not change over the 6-month natural history assessment (p = 0.98 and p = 0.61, respectively). NAC treatment did not improve 15-F2t isoprostane concentration (least squares means difference 0.1 [95% confidence interval [CI] -1.4 to 1.6] ng/mg creatinine, p = 0.88) or 6MWT distance (least squares means difference 24 [95% CI -5.5 to 53.4] m, p = 0.11). NAC was safe and well-tolerated at the doses administered in this study. CONCLUSION In ambulatory RYR1-RM-affected individuals, we observed stable disease course, and corroborated preclinical reports of elevated oxidative stress and decreased physical endurance. NAC treatment did not decrease elevated oxidative stress, as measured by 15-F2t isoprostane. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that, for people with RYR1-RM, treatment with oral NAC does not decrease oxidative stress as measured by 15-F2t isoprostane. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02362425.
-
6.
N-acetylcysteine improves EEG measures of auditory deviance detection and neural synchronization in schizophrenia: A randomized, controlled pilot study.
Yang, YS, Davis, MC, Wynn, JK, Hellemann, G, Green, MF, Marder, SR
Schizophrenia research. 2019;:479-480
-
7.
N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Post-embolization Syndrome in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Transarterial Chemoembolization.
Siramolpiwat, S, Punjachaipornpon, T, Pornthisarn, B, Vilaichone, RK, Chonprasertsuk, S, Tangaroonsanti, A, Bhanthumkomol, P, Phumyen, A, Yasiri, A, Kaewmanee, M
Digestive diseases and sciences. 2019;(11):3337-3345
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-embolization syndrome is a common complication after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is known to ameliorate liver damage from several causes. AIM: To determine the efficacy of intravenous NAC in the prevention of post-embolization syndrome in HCC patients following TACE. METHODS In this study, patients with HCC admitted for TACE were prospectively enrolled. All patients were randomized stratified by Child A or B to receive NAC or placebo. The NAC group received intravenous NAC 24 h prior to TACE (150 mg/kg/h for 1 h followed by 12.5 mg/kg/h for 4 h, then continuous infusion 6.25 mg/h for 48 h after the procedure). The placebo group received an infusion of 5% glucose solution until 48 h after procedure. The post-embolization syndrome was defined as: T ≥ 38.5 c and serum ALT > 3 times of pretreatment value. RESULTS In total, 111 HCC patients were enrolled; 57 were randomly assigned to NAC group and 54 to placebo group. The incidence of post-embolization syndrome was lower in NAC group (24.6%) compared to placebo group (48.2%); P = 0.01. On multivariate analysis, receiving IV NAC (P = 0.03) and HCC diameter (P < 0.01) were associated with developing post-embolization syndrome. Post-TACE liver decompensation was documented in 26/111 (23.4%) patients. There was no difference in the incidence of post-TACE liver decompensation between NAC and placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, intravenous NAC administration reduces the incidence of post-embolization syndrome after TACE in patients with HCC. However, it does not prevent post-TACE liver decompensation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered with Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR20150313002).
-
8.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on exacerbations of bronchiectasis (BENE): a randomized controlled trial.
Qi, Q, Ailiyaer, Y, Liu, R, Zhang, Y, Li, C, Liu, M, Wang, X, Jing, L, Li, Y
Respiratory research. 2019;(1):73
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylcysteine is a classic mucolytic agent. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine on reducing the risk of exacerbations in bronchiectasis patients. METHODS A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted between April 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 in five general hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Adult bronchiectasis patients with at least two exacerbations in the past year were potentially eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral N-acetylcysteine (600 mg, twice daily, 12 months) or on-demand treatment. RESULTS A total of 161 patients were eligible for randomization (81 to the N-acetylcysteine group and 80 to the control group). During the 12-month follow-up, the incidence of exacerbations in the N-acetylcysteine group was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.31 vs. 1.98 exacerbations per patient-year; risk ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17-0.66; P = 0.0011). The median number of exacerbations in the N-acetylcysteine group was 1 (0.5-2), compared with 2 (1-2) in the control group (U = - 2.95, P = 0.003). A total of 24.7% of the N-acetylcysteine group patients and 11.3% of the control group patients remained exacerbation-free throughout the 12-month follow-up (χ2 = 4.924, P = 0.026). Compared with the control group, the volume of 24-h sputum in the N-acetylcysteine group was significantly reduced (t = - 3.091, P = 0.002). Additionally, the N-acetylcysteine group showed a significant improvement in the quality of life. No severe adverse events were reported in the intervention group. CONCLUSION The long-term use of N-acetylcysteine is able to reduce the risk of exacerbations for bronchiectasis patients in Shandong Province, China. The results of this study should be verified in a larger randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02088216) (Registered date: March 5, 2014).
-
9.
Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and N-Acetylcysteine Therapies in Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis.
Singh, V, Keisham, A, Bhalla, A, Sharma, N, Agarwal, R, Sharma, R, Singh, A
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2018;(10):1650-1656.e2
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) have high mortality, so new therapies are needed. Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) increases survival times of patients with AH. It is not known whether addition of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to G-CSF could further increase survival time. We performed a randomized controlled pilot study to compare the efficacy of standard medical therapy with pentoxifylline to treatment with a combination of G-CSF and standard medical therapy as well as to the combination of NAC, G-CSF, and standard medical therapy in patients with severe AH. METHODS We performed an open-label, single-center study of 57 patients with severe AH admitted to a Liver Intensive Care unit in India from October 2014 through March 2017. Patients were randomly assigned to groups that received standard medical therapy (with pentoxifylline) plus G-CSF for 5 days (G-CSF group; n = 18), standard medical therapy plus G-CSF and intravenous NAC for 5 days (combination group; n = 19), or standard medical therapy alone (n = 20). Clinical data and blood samples were collected at baseline; on day 6; and 1, 2, and 3 months after the study began. CD34+ cells were measured in blood samples collected on days 0 and 6. The primary outcome was proportion of patients surviving for 90 days. Secondary outcomes were mobilization of CD34+ cells at day 6, as well as Child Turcotte Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease, and modified discriminant function scores until day 90. RESULTS Significantly higher proportions of patients in the G-CSF group (16/18) and the combination group (13/19) survived for 90 days than in the standard medical therapy group (6/20) (P = .0001 for G-CSF group and P = .037 and combination group). The GGSF and combination groups each had increased numbers of CD34+ cells from baseline until day 6, compared with the standard medical therapy group. The G-CSF group (but not the combination group) had significantly larger median reductions in modified discriminant function scores at study months 1 (reduction of 60.36%), 2 (reduction of 75.36%), and 3 (reduction of 88.73%) vs the standard medical therapy group (P = .02; P = .05; and P = .00, respectively). The G-CSF group had a significantly larger median reduction in model for end-stage liver disease score at 3 months (reduction of 55.77%; P = .01), but not in Child Turcotte Pugh score, compared with the standard medical therapy group. All groups had similar numbers of complications. CONCLUSION In a pilot randomized controlled trial, we found administration of G-CSF to improve liver function and increase survival times in patients with severe AH, compared with standard therapy. We found no evidence for benefit of adding NAC to G-CSF. These findings require confirmation in larger trials. ClincialTrials.gov, number: NCT02971306.
-
10.
Long-Term Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Amikacin-Induced Ototoxicity in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Randomized Trial.
Vural, A, Koçyiğit, İ, Şan, F, Eroğlu, E, Ketenci, İ, Ünal, A, Tokgöz, B, Ünlü, Y
Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. 2018;(1):57-62
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant agent, against aminoglycoside (AG)-induced ototoxicity. METHODS A total of 40 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and having their first peritonitis attacks and planned to be treated with AGs were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into 2 groups: 1 group received additional NAC and the other did not. All patients underwent hearing tests with pure tone audiometry (PTA) after the diagnosis, at 1 month and 12 months and at the same time the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured. RESULTS Patients taking NAC had better hearing test results in both ears at 1 month except 2,000 Hz for the left ear, which wasn't significantly different between the 2 groups. Although patients taking NAC had generally better PTA results at 12 months, differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. Baseline IL-6 level was significantly higher in the NAC group than the control group. Both TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 1 month were significantly lower in the NAC group than in the control group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study showed that NAC, a potent anti-inflamatory drug, may be otoprotective, but that the effect is not long-lasting.