1.
Dietary Patterns of Greek Adults and Their Associations with Serum Vitamin D Levels and Heel Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters for Bone Health.
Grigoriou, E, Trovas, G, Papaioannou, N, Dontas, I, Makris, K, Apostolou-Karampelis, K, Dedoussis, G
Nutrients. 2020;(1)
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the dietary patterns which indicate the nutritional habits of Greek adults and their effects on serum 25(OH)D levels and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters for bone health. This study is part of OSTEOS, an observational cross-sectional study. In total, 741 adults from rural and urban areas throughout Greece were recruited. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for assessment of the population's dietary habits. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by enzyme immunoassay; QUS parameters were assessed with an Achilles device. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out for dietary pattern determination, and univariate analysis of variance was used for the assessment of 25(OH)D, broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and stiffness index (SI) determinants. Six dietary patterns explain 52.2% of the variability of Greek adults' nutritional habits. The 'vegetables-fruit' dietary pattern explains the biggest rate of variability. Determinants of serum 25(OH)D are body mass index (BMI), elderly status, summer sun exposure, organized physical activity, a 'healthy' pattern in winter months, and adherence to a 'sweet' pattern. Determinants of QUS parameters are age, BMI, sedentary time, organized physical activity participation, and adherence to a 'healthy' pattern.
2.
Pain relief effect of breast feeding and music therapy during heel lance for healthy-term neonates in China: a randomized controlled trial.
Zhu, J, Hong-Gu, H, Zhou, X, Wei, H, Gao, Y, Ye, B, Liu, Z, Chan, SW
Midwifery. 2015;(3):365-72
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to test the effectiveness of breast feeding (BF), music therapy (MT), and combined breast feeding and music therapy (BF+MT) on pain relief in healthy-term neonates during heel lance. DESIGN randomised controlled trial. SETTING in the postpartum unit of one university-affiliated hospital in China from August 2013 to February 2014. PARTICIPANTS among 288 healthy-term neonates recruited, 250 completed the trial. All neonates were undergoing heel lancing for metabolic screening, were breast fed, and had not been fed for the previous 30 minutes. INTERVENTIONS all participants were randomly assigned into four groups - BF, MT, BF+MT, and no intervention - with 72 neonates in each group. Neonates in the control group received routine care. Neonates in the other three intervention groups received corresponding interventions five minutes before the heel lancing and throughout the whole procedure. MEASUREMENTS Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), latency to first cry, and duration of first crying. FINDINGS mean changes in NIPS scores from baseline over time was dependent on the interventions given. Neonates in the BF and combined BF+MT groups had significantly longer latency to first cry, shorter duration of first crying, and lower pain mean score during and one minute after heel lance, compared to the other two groups. No significant difference in pain response was found between BF groups with or without music therapy. The MT group did not achieve a significantly reduced pain response in all outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS BF could significantly reduce pain response in healthy-term neonates during heel lance. MT did not enhance the effect of pain relief of BF. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE healthy-term neonates should be breast fed to alleviate pain during heel lance. There is no need for the additional input of classical music on breast feeding in clinic to relieve procedural pain. Nurses should encourage breast feeding to relieve pain during heel lance.
3.
Determination of the effectiveness of materials in attenuating high frequency shock during gait using filterbank analysis.
Gillespie, KA, Dickey, JP
Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2003;(1):50-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an accurate method for quantifying the frequency content of the ground reaction force transient. DESIGN Repeated measures design comparing the impact severity during walking with different insole materials. BACKGROUND The body experiences a brief but sizeable impact upon heel strike during walking. This impact transient is believed to result in musculoskeletal injuries. It is important to accurately quantify this impact as a step towards decreasing the risk of injury. METHODS Seven subjects walked barefoot at their normal cadence across a force platform, while insole materials (Spenco, Microcel-puff, and Plastazote) were placed on the surface of the force platform. A filterbank program was developed to determine the percent root mean square in 10 Hz frequency bands from zero to 400 Hz. Analysis focused on the impact transient contained in a 20 ms window after heel contact. RESULTS The high frequency (>60 Hz) power was significantly larger in the barefoot condition compared to the insole conditions. The barefoot condition also resulted in significantly higher initial peak forces and force loading rates. CONCLUSIONS The frequency content of the ground reaction force can be effectively quantified using a filterbank approach. Shoe insole materials can reduce the initial peak force, force loading rate, and frequency content of the impact transient in walking. The frequency content of the initial ground reaction force extends up to 400 Hz in some footwear conditions. RELEVANCE The new filterbank procedure illustrates that the vertical ground reaction force in walking has a higher frequency content than previously thought. This signal requires high sampling rates to avoid aliasing, and appropriate signal processing algorithms, such as filter banks, for analysis.
4.
Quantitative heel ultrasound variables in powerlifters and controls.
Jawed, S, Horton, B, Masud, T
British journal of sports medicine. 2001;(4):274-5
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare by cross sectional study the quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS) variables broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and velocity of sound (VOS) in male powerlifters and controls. METHODS Twenty four powerlifters and 21 sedentary male controls were recruited to the study. All the powerlifters were members of the British Drug Free Powerlifting Association and actively competing at the time of the study. A questionnaire was completed by all those entered into the study. This included a history of smoking and an estimation of daily intake of alcohol and calcium. For the powerlifters, the number of years spent training and time spent training each week was also recorded. The QUS variables of all powerlifters and controls were measured using a Cubaclinical II (McCue) ultrasound scanner. RESULTS The powerlifters had been training for a mean (SEM) of 10.6 (1.6) years and they trained for 6.5 (0.4) hours a week. The powerlifters were non-significantly older and had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than the controls. Calcium intake and consumption of alcohol and tobacco were similar in the two groups. The mean BUA in the powerlifters was a significant 9.5% (95% confidence interval 0.7 to 18.3%) higher than the controls (105 v 96 dB/MHZ) and 15.6% (95% confidence interval 6.8 to 24.4%) higher after adjustment using analysis of covariance for age, BMI, and alcohol and tobacco consumption (108 v 93 dB/MHZ). The mean VOS was similar in the two groups, but after adjustment it was significantly higher in the powerlifters (1671 v 1651 m/s, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The study shows the ability of heel ultrasound to discriminate between QUS variables in powerlifters and controls. The results indicate that the QUS variables BUA and VOS are significantly higher for powerlifters than for controls.