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1.
Evaluation of biochemical changes in dental tissues after different office bleaching methods.
Karaarslan, ES, Özmen, ZC, Aytac, F, Bicakci, AA, Buldur, M, Aydogan, L, Hologlu, F, Özkocak, B
Human & experimental toxicology. 2019;(4):389-397
Abstract
The color of the teeth is an important topic for many people and can be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic stains. There is an increasing demand for whitening of the teeth year by year. The most popular way of whitening is "bleaching," which is the result of the breakdown of pigments located in the enamel and/or the dentin, caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from bleaching agents. These bleaching agents could increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated collagen degradation in dentin. The aim of this study was to compare biochemical changes and oxidative stress levels of the human premolar dentin-pulp complex after three different bleaching methods containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching agents. Individuals, whose first four premolars were extracted for orthodontic purposes, included into the study. Group 1-Laser: bleaching gel containing 46% H2O2 (LaserWhite20 whitening gel, Biolase Technology Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA) and a diode laser activation (Ezlase 940 nm system). Group 2: 35% H2O2 containing whitening gel (Whiteness HP Maxx, FGM) and halogen light source activation (Optilux 501, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA). Group 3: 35% H2O2 containing whitening gel (Whiteness HP Maxx, FGM). Group 4-Control: No whitening treatment. According to the test results, there were no significant differences among groups in the values of cathepsin B and MMP proteolytic activities ( p > 0.05). The total ROS values released from the dentin tissue were higher than those obtained from the pulp tissue ( p < 0.05). There were significant differences among the bleaching groups in the ROS values released from the dentin tissue.
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2.
Exercise recovery increases skeletal muscle H2O2 emission and mitochondrial respiratory capacity following two-weeks of limb immobilization.
Pileggi, CA, Hedges, CP, D'Souza, RF, Durainayagam, BR, Markworth, JF, Hickey, AJR, Mitchell, CJ, Cameron-Smith, D
Free radical biology & medicine. 2018;:241-248
Abstract
Extended periods of skeletal muscle disuse result in muscle atrophy. Following limb immobilization, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may contribute to atrophy through increases in skeletal muscle protein degradation. However, the effect of skeletal muscle disuse on mitochondrial ROS production remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of immobilization, followed by two subsequent periods of restored physical activity, on mitochondrial H2O2 emissions in adult male skeletal muscle. Middle-aged men (n = 30, 49.7 ± 3.84 y) completed two weeks of unilateral lower-limb immobilization, followed by two weeks of baseline-matched activity, consisting of 10,000 steps a day, then completed two weeks of three times weekly supervised resistance training. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline, post-immobilization, post-ambulatory recovery, and post-resistance-training. High-resolution respirometry was used simultaneously with fluorometry to determine mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in permeabilized muscle fibres. Mitochondrial H2O2 emission with complex I and II substrates, in the absence of ADP, was greater following immobilization, however, there was no effect on mitochondrial respiration. Both ambulatory recovery and resistance training, following the period of immobilization, increased in mitochondrial H2O2 emissions. These data demonstrated that 2 weeks of immobilization increases mitochondrial H2O2 emissions, but subsequent retraining periods of ambulatory recovery and resistance training also led to in robust increases in mitochondrial H2O2 emissions in skeletal muscle.
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3.
Recommended surgery of Kaposi's sarcoma nodules.
Tourlaki, A, Bellinvia, M, Brambilla, L
The Journal of dermatological treatment. 2015;(4):354-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic Kaposi's sarcoma [KS] is a chronic, multifocal, vascular proliferation, which commonly presents purplish nodules on the distal extremities of elderly men. Excisional surgery is one of the traditional therapies, but is generally time consuming and costly. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of curettage for the treatment of KS nodules. METHODS A single arm, prospective study in patients with at least one KS nodule removed by curettage. Hemostasis was obtained using 130-volume hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and the wound was left to heal by secondary intention. Follow-up was done after 15 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Ninety patients [88 male, 2 female] with mean age of 75.8 years were enrolled. Eighty-two of the curetted nodules were localized on the lower limbs, five on the face, and three on the upper limbs. No postoperative complications were encountered, and cosmetic outcome was rated excellent by 87 patients and good by the remaining 3 patients. After 3 months, we noticed only minimal hypo-/hyperpigmentation in 59 cases, while in the remaining 31 patients the scar appeared imperceptible. Recurrence after 12 months was null. CONCLUSION Curettage followed by the application of H2O2 is a safe, effective and simple technique for the treatment of KS nodules in elderly patients.
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4.
Hydrogen peroxide release kinetics into saliva from different whitening products: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
Marques, DN, da Mata, AD, Silveira, JM, Marques, JR, Amaral, JP, Guilherme, NF
Clinical oral investigations. 2012;(1):155-63
Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare salivary hydrogen peroxide (HP) release kinetics and potential toxicity of systemic exposure of four different whitening products. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a Portuguese dental faculty clinic. Two hundred forty volunteers were randomized to eight intervention groups. Participants were randomly assigned to receive active or placebo applications of one of four different products: Opalescence 10% PF™ (OPL), Vivastyle® 10%™ (VS10%), Vivadent Paint On Plus™ (PO+), and Trés White Supreme™ (TWS). Saliva collection was obtained by established methods at different times. The HP salivary content was determined by a photometric method. Salivary HP variations, total amount of salivary HP, and counts of subjects above the safe daily HP dose were the main outcome measures. All whitening systems significantly released HP to the saliva when compared to placebo, and all showed different release kinetics. The adaptable tray system (TWS) presented a risk increase of 37% [20-54%, 95% confidence interval] when compared to the other systems. The use of an adaptable tray whitening system with higher concentration of HP increases the toxicity potential.
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5.
Safety and effectiveness of a new enzyme-targeting radiosensitization treatment (KORTUC II) for intratumoral injection for low-LET radioresistant tumors.
Ogawa, Y, Kubota, K, Ue, H, Tadokoro, M, Matsui, R, Yamanishi, T, Hamada, N, Kariya, S, Nishioka, A, Nakajima, H, et al
International journal of oncology. 2011;(3):553-60
Abstract
Linear accelerator-based radiotherapy has little effect on tumors such as malignant melanoma, various types of sarcoma, and most locally-advanced neoplasms that have grown to several centimeters or more. These tumors contain many hypoxic cancer cells or large amounts of anti-oxidative enzymes, and are therefore resistant to low linear energy transfer radiation. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new radiosensitizer to overcome these situations. We previously developed a new enzyme-targeting radiosensitization treatment named KORTUC I, which uses 3% w/v hydrogen peroxide solution-soaked gauze. We developed a new radiosensitizer for intratumoral injection (KORTUC II), comprising a combination of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hyaluronate. After providing a fully informed written consent, 52 patients with unresectable or recurrent neoplasms (53 lesions) were enrolled in the KORTUC II trial. The present study of 52 patients with unresectable or recurrent neoplasms showed that KORTUC II is safe when injected intratumorally, well tolerated, and can efficiently exert a radiation sensitizing effect. Because this radiosensitizer is safe and less expensive than other methods, and can be applied for almost every type of low-LET radio-resistant neoplasm, it has potential for worldwide and immediate use.
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6.
Apocynin decreases hydrogen peroxide and nitrate concentrations in exhaled breath in healthy subjects.
Stefanska, J, Sokolowska, M, Sarniak, A, Wlodarczyk, A, Doniec, Z, Nowak, D, Pawliczak, R
Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2010;(1):48-54
Abstract
The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and antioxidants might be involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. NADPH oxidase, an enzyme responsible for ROS production, may represent an attractive therapeutic target to inhibit, for the treatment of these diseases. Apocynin is an inhibitor of activation of NADPH oxidase complex present in the inflammatory cells. In double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, we investigated the effect of nebulized apocynin on ROS synthesis in 10 nonsmoking healthy volunteers. Apocynin (6ml of 0.5mg/ml) was administered by nebulization and its effects on H(2)O(2), NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) generation were assessed after 30, 60 and 120min by collecting exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples using an EcoScreen analyzer. Additionally, respiratory parameters have been evaluated, utilizing spirometry and DLCO. We also analyzed peripheral blood differential counts and NO(2)(-) serum level, cough scale control and blood pressure as safety parameters. Apocynin caused reduction of H(2)O(2) concentration in EBC as compared to placebo, after 60min. of inhalation (0.18microM vs. 0.31microM, p<0.05) as well as after 120min. (0.2microM vs. 0.31microM, p<0.05). Similarly, apocynin significantly decreased concentration of NO(3)(-) as compared to placebo, after 60 and 120min. (6.8microM vs. 14.4microM and 6.5microM vs. 14.9microM respectively, p<0.05). Apocynin was well tolerated and no adverse events have been observed throughout the study. Thus, as apocynin significantly influence ROS concentration, it might have also antiinflammatory properties. As it is safe, it may have a potential to become a drug in airway inflammatory diseases treatment.
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7.
Alterations of erythrocyte structure and cellular susceptibility in patients with chronic renal failure: effect of haemodialysis and oxidative stress.
Brzeszczynska, J, Luciak, M, Gwozdzinski, K
Free radical research. 2008;(1):40-8
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate erythrocytes rheological behaviour, membrane dynamics and erythrocytes susceptibility to disintegration upon strong oxidative stress induced by dialysis or by external H(2)O(2) among patients with CRF. EPR spectrometry was used to investigate alterations in physical state of cellular components. Generated ROS production induced: (1) significant increase of membrane fluidity in CRF erythrocytes treated with H(2)O(2) (p<0.005) and at 60 min of haemodialysis (p<0.05), (2) significant decrease of cytoskeletal protein-protein interactions (p<0.005) and (3) cellular osmotic fragility (p<0.0005). H(2)O(2) exacerbated these changes. Erythrocytes from CRF patients have changed rheological behaviour and present higher susceptibility to disintegration. Erythrocytes membrane characteristics indicate that CRF patients possess younger and more flexible cells, which are more susceptible to oxidative stress. This may contribute to the shortened survival of young erythrocytes in CRF patients.
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8.
Intratumoral hydrogen peroxide injection during meningioma resection.
Lichtenbaum, R, de Souza, AA, Jafar, JJ
Neurosurgery. 2006;(4 Suppl 2):ONS470-3; discussion ONS473
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningiomas, although histologically benign, pose a particular challenge to the neurosurgeon because of their extensive and exuberant vascularity. They often bleed extensively during resection until separated from their blood supply. There are a wide variety of hemostatic agents available to the neurosurgeon. Most of these means of hemostasis involve some sort of chemical, electrical, or compressive action. Although anecdotally known to be useful, the use of hydrogen peroxide as an intracranial hemostatic agent in meningioma surgery has not been formally reported. We report a technique of meningioma resection that uses intratumoral hydrogen peroxide injection, reducing the potential for blood loss and shortening resection times. METHODS Seventy-five patients underwent resection of a meningioma using the direct intratumoral H2O2 injection technique. The locations of these meningiomas included convexity and cranial-based lesions. None of the patients underwent preoperative endovascular embolization. RESULTS The use of this technique greatly facilitated the removal of these tumors. No evidence of air embolism occurred during Doppler surveillance and no other significant side effects attributable to H2O2 application were observed. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a previously unreported technique of meningioma resection that uses direct intratumoral hydrogen peroxide injection, potentially reducing blood loss, shortening resection times, and obviating the need for preoperative embolization.
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9.
Comparative analysis of the antibacterial effects of combined mouthrinses on Streptococcus mutans.
Menendez, A, Li, F, Michalek, SM, Kirk, K, Makhija, SK, Childers, NK
Oral microbiology and immunology. 2005;(1):31-4
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chlorhexidine has been proposed as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against oral bacteria. However, there are some inconsistent results regarding the usefulness of chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an antimicrobial for Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining oral rinses to reduce S. mutans levels in human saliva. METHODS Sixteen healthy adult subjects were randomly assigned to one of four rinse groups using a 4-cell crossover design. The groups rinsed twice a day for 7 days with one of the following: 0.12% chlorhexidine (PerioGard), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (Peroxyl), a combined chlorhexidine+hydrogen peroxide, or water (control). Every 5 weeks, each group initiated a different rinse. Saline wash samples were collected on days 7 and 21 for assessment of S. mutans and total streptococci. RESULTS No significant differences were seen in S. mutans levels among the groups; however, the levels of total streptococci on day 7 samples were significantly lower in the chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine+hydrogen peroxide groups than in the hydrogen peroxide and control groups. There was no additional decrease seen in S. mutans or total streptococci levels in the group receiving chlorhexidine+hydrogen peroxide compared to chlorhexidine alone. CONCLUSIONS Sample variation was high throughout the study, with a significant trend toward lower counts as the study progressed. Adding hydrogen peroxide to the chlorhexidine mouthrinse did not result in a further decrease in S. mutans levels.
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10.
Passive smoking does not increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in exhaled breath condensate in 9-year-old healthy children.
Doniec, Z, Nowak, D, Tomalak, W, Pisiewicz, K, Kurzawa, R
Pediatric pulmonology. 2005;(1):41-5
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke, also called passive smoking, was shown to have adverse effects on the health of children. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is proposed as a sensitive marker of oxidative injury and inflammatory processes in the airways, being increased in adult active cigarette smokers. We tested whether passive smoking had an influence on H2O2 exhalation in healthy children. Thirty healthy passive smoking and 24 nonexposed healthy children aged 9 years were included in the study. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was obtained by spontaneous tidal volume breathing with EcoScreen (Jaeger, Germany). All subjects underwent flow-volume measurements immediately after EBC collection. Levels of H2O2 were measured fluorimetrically with the homovanillic acid method. Lung function did not differ between the passive smoking and nonexposed children groups. In the passive smoking group, EBC H2O2 concentration (median and range) was 0.32 (0.00-1.20) microM, and did not differ significantly (P >0.05) from that found in the nonexposed group, i.e., 0,22 (0.00-0.68) microM. Exhaled H2O2 did not correlate with spirometric parameters (FEV1, FEV1%FVC, and MEF50%FVC) in either group. We conclude that passive smoking does not increase H2O2 exhalation in healthy children.