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The effects of rice bran oil on left ventricular systolic function, cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory mediators in men with coronary artery disease: a randomized clinical trial.
Mahdavi-Roshan, M, Salari, A, Ghorbani, Z, Nikpey, Z, Haghighatkhah, M, Fakhr Mousavi, A, Gholipour, M, Pourfarzad, A
Food & function. 2021;(10):4446-4457
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In the current study, we aimed to explore the effects of rice bran oil (RBO) in adjunct to conventional medical therapy on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiometabolic risk factors, and inflammatory mediators in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). SUBJECTS/METHODS The present randomized controlled trial included 40 men diagnosed with CAD (mean age = 55.76 years) who were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 30 grams per day of RBO (intervention group) or sunflower oil (control group) plus a standard diet for eight weeks. At the initial visit, demographic and anthropometric data and blood samples were collected. LVEF levels and serum concentrations of lipid profile, glucose, uric acid, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were investigated. RESULTS A total of 37 participants completed the study (n = 18 in the intervention group, n = 19 in the control group). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline values, age and body mass index revealed that RBO significantly improved LVEF (51.34%) and reduced triglyceride (125.01 mg dl-1), blood sugar (110.4 mg dl-1), total cholesterol (123.01 mg dl-1) and low density lipoprotein (56.88 mg dl-1) levels compared to sunflower oil ((45.56%), (155.93 mg dl-1), (128.94 mg dl-1), (163.93 mg dl-1) and (83.79 mg dl-1), respectively) following a 8-week trial (P-values < 0.05). Additionally, the test demonstrated that RBO consuming patients had significantly lower levels of serum uric acid (4.60 mg dl-1), TNF-α (6.99 ng L-1) and hs-CRP (2.11 mg L-1) compared to the control group ((5.92 mg dl-1), (15.23 ng L-1), (4.47 mg L-1), respectively) (P-value < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found regarding weight, blood pressure or serum HDL levels throughout the trial. CONCLUSION Consumption of 30 grams per day RBO within a standard diet could be considered an effective non-pharmacological approach in improving LVEF, cardiometabolic risk factors, and inflammatory state in CAD. However, future trials are recommended for more clarification.
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Pathophysiology of Gastroparesis Syndromes Includes Anatomic and Physiologic Abnormalities.
Abell, TL, Kedar, A, Stocker, A, Beatty, K, McElmurray, L, Hughes, M, Rashed, H, Kennedy, W, Wendelschafer-Crabb, G, Yang, X, et al
Digestive diseases and sciences. 2021;(4):1127-1141
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors underlying gastroparesis are not well defined. AIMS We hypothesized that multiple systems may be involved in patients with gastroparesis symptoms and performed a comparative physiologic study. METHODS We studied 43 consecutive eligible patients with gastroparetic symptoms categorized by GI symptoms, metabolic status, illness quantification, and gastric physiology. Patients were evaluated by two methods in each of five core areas: inflammatory, autonomic, enteric, electrophysiologic, and hormonal with abnormalities examined by correlations. RESULTS Patients had similar GI symptoms regardless of baseline gastric emptying or diabetic/idiopathic status, and all patients demonstrated abnormalities in each of the 5 areas studied. Nearly all patients presented with elevated markers of serum TNFα (88%) and serum IL-6 (91%); elevated cutaneous electrogastrogram frequency (95%); and interstitial cells of Cajal count abnormalities (inner: 97%, outer: 100%). Measures of inflammation correlated with a number of autonomic, enteric anatomy, electrophysiologic and hormonal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that patients with the symptoms of gastroparesis have multiple abnormalities, when studied by traditional, as well as newer, diagnostic assessments. Inflammation appears to be a fundamental abnormality that affects other organ systems in symptomatic patients. Future work on gastroparetic syndromes and their treatment may benefit from a focus on the diffuse nature of their illness, diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, especially the possible causes of underlying inflammation and disordered hormonal status. TRAIL REGISTRY This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov under study # NCT03178370 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03178370 .
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The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Healthy Adolescent Boys: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Yarparvar, A, Elmadfa, I, Djazayery, A, Abdollahi, Z, Salehi, F, Heshmat, R
Nutrients. 2020;(5)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of vitamin D, an anti-inflammatory micronutrient with some favorable effects on lipid profiles, has been found to be highly prevalent in adolescents. We aimed to investigate the effect of a school-based vitamin D supplementation regimen on the correction of vitamin D deficiency as well as lipid and inflammatory profiles of healthy adolescent boys. METHODS In this randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial, seventy-one healthy adolescent boys (age 17 years old) were recruited from one high school in Tehran, Iran, and randomly assigned to two groups. The supplement group received vitamin D pearls at a dose of 50,000 IU monthly for 6 months, this dose is indeed defined by the Ministry of Health in Iran for a potential national school-based vitamin D supplementation program. The other group was given placebo pearls for the same duration. Before and after the treatment, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH) D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), retinol, lead (Pb), the lipid profile and the inflammatory biomarkers were measured and compared. RESULTS Between-groups statistical analysis showed that a dose (50,000 IU/month) vitamin D significantly increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) (p < 0.001) and decreased serum levels of PTH (p = 0.003). No significant change was observed in serum levels of retinol and Pb. Between-group analysis revealed that the serum levels of TG (P = 0.001) decreased while an increase in serum levels of HDL (p = 0.021) was observed (p < 0.05). Both the within- and between-group analysis showed that serum tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) concentration declined while serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) increased in response to vitamin D supplementation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A supplementation regimen of (50,000 IU/month) vitamin D in a context with high rates of vitamin deficiency has shown positive impacts on the serum vitamin D, lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adolescent boys.
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Inflammatory responses relate to distinct bronchoalveolar lavage lipidome in community-acquired pneumonia patients: a pilot study.
Zheng, Y, Ning, P, Luo, Q, He, Y, Yu, X, Liu, X, Chen, Y, Wang, X, Kang, Y, Gao, Z
Respiratory research. 2019;(1):82
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to the emerging infectious diseases, the scarcity of novel antibiotics, and the contributions of antibiotic misuse and overuse to resistance. Characterization of the lipidomic response to pneumonia and exploring the "lipidomic phenotype" can provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic treatments. METHODS Lipid profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were generated through untargeted lipidomic profiling analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify possible sources of variations among samples. Partitioning clustering analysis (k-means) was employed to evaluate the existence of distinct lipidomic clusters. RESULTS PCA showed that BALF lipidomes differed significantly between CAP (n = 52) and controls (n = 68, including 35 healthy volunteers and 33 patients with non-infectious lung diseases); while no clear separation was found between severe CAP and non-severe CAP cases. Lactosylceramides were the most prominently elevated lipid constituent in CAP. Clustering analysis revealed three separate lipid profiles; subjects in each cluster exhibited significant differences in disease severity, incidence of hypoxemia, percentages of phagocytes in BALF, and serum concentrations of albumin and total cholesterol (all p < 0.05). In addition, SM (d34:1) was negatively related to macrophage (adjusted r = - 0.462, p < 0.0001) and PE (18:1p/20:4) was positively correlated with polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentages of BALF (adjusted r = 0.541, p < 0.0001). The 30-day mortality did not differ amongst three clusters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that specific lower airway lipid composition is related to different intensities of host inflammatory responses, and may contribute to functionally relevant shifts in disease pathogenesis in CAP individuals. These findings argue for the need to tailor therapy based on specific lipid profiles and related inflammatory status. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03093220). Registered on 28 March 2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Effect of high-dose Omega 3 on lipid profile and inflammatory markers in chronic hemodialysis children.
Omar, ZA, Montser, BA, Farahat, MAR
Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia. 2019;(3):634-639
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and inflammation are important problems in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). Prevention of CKD patients of CVD can lower the mortality rate in them. Omega 3 may help in the treatment of inflammation and lipid abnormalities in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on chronic HD. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-dose Omega 3 on lipid profile and inflammatory markers in ESRD children on chronic HD. This clinical trial was conducted on 49 ESRD children on chronic HD selected from pediatric HD unit of Menoufia University Hospital. The study was conducted for a period of three months. The selected children were supplemented with 2000-mg Omega 3 tablets daily; lipid profile and inflammatory markers were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Supplementation with high-dose Omega 3 resulted in a highly statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, interleukin-6, C- reactive protein levels and a highly statistically significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (P <0.001). The differences between hemoglobin, platelets, iron profile, parathyroid hormone, albumin, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, and efficiency of dialysis before and after Omega 3 supplementation were not statistically significant (P >0.05). Supplementation with highdose Omega 3 caused significant improvement in lipid profile and inflammatory markers of children on chronic HD.
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The effect of carvacrol on inflammatory mediators and respiratory symptoms in veterans exposed to sulfur mustard, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Khazdair, MR, Boskabady, MH
Respiratory medicine. 2019;:21-29
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvacrol on serum level of inflammatory mediators and respiratory symptoms in the veterans exposed to sulfur mustard (SM). METHODS Twenty-one patients who were exposed to SM more than two decades' ago were divided to placebo and carvacrol (1.2 mg/kg/day) treated groups. Serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV1) and respiratory symptoms including; Chest wheeze (CW), night wheeze (NW), night cough (NC) and cough and wheeze during exercise (ECW) were assessed at the baseline (step 0), one and two months after starting treatment (step I and II, respectively). FINDINGS FEV1 value was significantly increased in carvacrol treated group in step II compared to step 0 (p < 0.001) and also increased in step II compared to step I (p < 0.05). The respiratory symptoms including; CW and NW was significant decreased in carvacrol treated group in step I and II compared to step 0 (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), NC and ECW were significantly decreased only in step II compared to step 0 (p < 0.01, for both cases). The serum levels of TNF-α, EGF and VEGF were decrease in carvacrol treated group in step I and II compared to step 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The serum level of MCP-1 was decrease in carvacrol treated group only in the step II compared to step 0 (p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION Two months' treatment with carvacrol reduced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine while increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved respiratory symptom and FEV1 value in SM exposed patients. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER This trial was registered under IRCT2014031617020N1 at http://www.irct.ir/.
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Coloured rice-derived polyphenols reduce lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines ex vivo.
Callcott, ET, Thompson, K, Oli, P, Blanchard, CL, Santhakumar, AB
Food & function. 2018;(10):5169-5175
Abstract
Rice-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to alleviate obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate if coloured rice polyphenol extracts (PE) reduce malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in obese individuals ex vivo. Malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and flow cytometry respectively. Fasting blood samples were treated with PE from three coloured rice varieties (purple, red and brown rice) at varying concentrations (10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg mL-1). PE treatment demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in malondialdehyde and TNF-α levels. Purple PE reduced plasma malondialdehyde concentration by 59% compared to red (21%) and brown (25.5%) rice PE. Brown rice PE at 50 μg mL-1 reduced TNF-α levels by 98% compared to red (80%) and purple rice PE (74%). Rice PE did not modulate plasma interleukin-6 concentrations. Coloured rice may be of therapeutic benefit as a potential functional food alternative in targeting specific pathways associated with obesity.
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Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid Loading on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Inflammation.
Ostojic, SM, Trivic, T, Drid, P, Stajer, V, Vranes, M
Annals of nutrition & metabolism. 2018;(1):18-20
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The Inflammatory Potential of Dietary Manganese in a Cohort of Elderly Men.
Kresovich, JK, Bulka, CM, Joyce, BT, Vokonas, PS, Schwartz, J, Baccarelli, AA, Hibler, EA, Hou, L
Biological trace element research. 2018;(1):49-57
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Abstract
Manganese is an essential nutrient that may play a role in the production of inflammatory biomarkers. We examined associations between estimated dietary manganese intake from food/beverages and supplements with circulating biomarkers of inflammation. We further explored whether estimated dietary manganese intake affects DNA methylation of selected genes involved in the production of these biomarkers. We analyzed 1023 repeated measures of estimated dietary manganese intakes and circulating blood inflammatory biomarkers from 633 participants in the Normative Aging Study. Using mixed-effect linear regression models adjusted for covariates, we observed positive linear trends between estimated dietary manganese intakes and three circulating interleukin proteins. Relative to the lowest quartile of estimated intake, concentrations of IL-1β were 46% greater (95% CI - 5, 126), IL-6 52% greater (95% CI - 9, 156). and IL-8 32% greater (95% CI 2, 71) in the highest quartiles of estimated intake. Estimated dietary manganese intake was additionally associated with changes in DNA methylation of inflammatory biomarker-producing genes. Higher estimated intake was associated with higher methylation of NF-κβ member activator NKAP (Q4 vs Q1: β = 3.32, 95% CI - 0.6, 7.3). When stratified by regulatory function, higher manganese intake was associated with higher gene body methylation of NF-κβ member activators NKAP (Q4 vs Q1: β = 10.10, 95% CI - 0.8, 21) and NKAPP1 (Q4 vs Q1: β = 8.14, 95% CI 1.1, 15). While needed at trace amounts for various physiologic functions, our results suggest estimated dietary intakes of manganese at levels slightly above nutritional adequacy contribute to inflammatory biomarker production.
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Particulate metal exposures induce plasma metabolome changes in a commuter panel study.
Ladva, CN, Golan, R, Liang, D, Greenwald, R, Walker, DI, Uppal, K, Raysoni, AU, Tran, V, Yu, T, Flanders, WD, et al
PloS one. 2018;(9):e0203468
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have enabled high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to emerge as a sensitive tool for measuring environmental exposures and corresponding biological response. Using measurements collected as part of a large, panel-based study of car commuters, the current analysis examines in-vehicle air pollution concentrations, targeted inflammatory biomarker levels, and metabolomic profiles to trace potential metabolic perturbations associated with on-road traffic exposures. METHODS A 60-person panel of adults participated in a crossover study, where each participant conducted a highway commute and randomized to either a side-street commute or clinic exposure session. In addition to in-vehicle exposure characterizations, participants contributed pre- and post-exposure dried blood spots for 2-hr changes in targeted proinflammatory and vascular injury biomarkers and 10-hr changes in the plasma metabolome. Samples were analyzed on a Thermo QExactive MS system in positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Data were processed and analyzed in R using apLCMS, xMSanalyzer, and limma. Features associated with environmental exposures or biological endpoints were identified with a linear mixed effects model and annotated through human metabolic pathway analysis in mummichog. RESULTS HRM detected 10-hr perturbations in 110 features associated with in-vehicle, particulate metal exposures (Al, Pb, and Fe) which reflect changes in arachidonic acid, leukotriene, and tryptophan metabolism. Two-hour changes in proinflammatory biomarkers hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β were also associated with 10-hr changes in the plasma metabolome, suggesting diverse amino acid, leukotriene, and antioxidant metabolism effects. A putatively identified metabolite, 20-OH-LTB4, decreased after in-vehicle exposure to particulate metals, suggesting a subclinical immune response. CONCLUSIONS Acute exposures to traffic-related air pollutants are associated with broad inflammatory response, including several traditional markers of inflammation.