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1.
Polyphenols intervention is an effective strategy to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu, F, Li, D, Wang, X, Cui, Y, Li, X
International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 2021;(1):14-25
Abstract
Whether polyphenols could ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still conflicting. To explore the efficacy of polyphenols as an adjuvant therapy for IBD, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Finally, 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. In contrast to control group, curcumin treatment significantly improved clinical remission in intention-to-treat (ITT) (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.09-10.37) and per-protocol (PP) analysis (OR = 5.13, 95% CI: 1.84-14.27). Meanwhile, curcumin could significantly ameliorate endoscopic remission (OR = 5.69, 95% CI: 1.28-25.27) and clinical response (OR = 4.69, 95% CI: 1.03-21.47) in PP analysis. Heterogeneity was present across the studies. In conclusions, polyphenols might be an effective adjuvant treatment for ameliorating IBD. Considering the relatively few studies included in our present study, further clinical trials are required to verify the effects of polyphenols on IBD.
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2.
Probiotics as a Coadjuvant Factor in Active or Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Adults-A Meta-Analytical Study.
Pabón-Carrasco, M, Ramirez-Baena, L, Vilar-Palomo, S, Castro-Méndez, A, Martos-García, R, Rodríguez-Gallego, I
Nutrients. 2020;(9)
Abstract
(1) Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are pathologies of unknown etiology and auto-immune pathogenia. The use of probiotics is studied in order to increase the arsenal of treatments. The aim was to assess the efficacy of the probiotics in these diseases in the active or quiescent phases; (2) Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed by an exhaustive bibliographic search in Medline, Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were studies of more than 10 years, English/Spanish, clinical trials, and involving human beings. Relative risk was used to compare efficacy, which was meta-analyzed using a fixed effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the Higgins I2 test; (3) Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis, with a total of 1537 patients (nexperimental group = 762; nplacebo group = 775). There are significant remission differences in ulcerative colitis (relative risk (RR) = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.72-0.91; I2 = 32%; p = 0.16). However, no significant differences were found in the use of probiotics for the prevention of ulcerative colitis, and for the remission of Crohn's disease; (4) Conclusions: There are data showing an additional beneficial effect of probiotics on active ulcerative colitis. More and better studies are needed which assess its possible therapeutic efficacy for quiescent ulcerative colitis and for Crohn's disease.
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3.
Systematic Review With Meta-analysis: Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Zou, ZY, Shen, B, Fan, JG
Inflammatory bowel diseases. 2019;(11):1764-1772
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly identified in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there are few systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the studies of NAFLD in IBD patients. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched (until August 2018) to identify observational studies that reported the prevalence and risk factors for NAFLD in IBD patients. Pooled prevalence, odds ratios (OR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Of the 662 citations evaluated, 19 studies (including 5620 subjects) reported the prevalence of NAFLD in IBD population and were included for the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence was 27.5% (95% CI, 20.7%-34.2%). The prevalence was higher in older patients (MD = 8.22; 95% CI, 6.22-10.22), type 2 diabetes (OR = 3.85; 95% CI, 2.49-5.95), hypertension (OR = 3.18; 95% CI, 2.36-4.28), obesity (OR = 2.79; 95% CI, 1.73-4.50), insulin resistance (OR = 6.66; 95% CI, 1.28-34.77), metabolic syndrome (OR = 4.96; 95% CI, 3.05-8.05), chronic kidney disease (OR = 4.83; 95% CI, 1.79-13.04), methotrexate use (OR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02-3.06), surgery for IBD (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.62), and longer duration of IBD (MD = 5.60; 95% CI, 2.24-8.97). CONCLUSIONS We found that NAFLD was not uncommon in the IBD population. Older age, metabolic risk factors, methotrexate use, prior surgery, and longer duration of IBD are predictors for the presence of NAFLD in IBD. Screening of NAFLD might be recommended among IBD patients with the aforementioned factors.
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4.
Systematic review with meta-analysis: association of vitamin D status with clinical outcomes in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Gubatan, J, Chou, ND, Nielsen, OH, Moss, AC
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2019;(11-12):1146-1158
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients with IBD, however, data on its association with clinical outcomes are conflicting. AIM: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association of low vitamin D status with clinical outcomes in patients with IBD. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science from inception to February 2018 for observational studies evaluating the association of low 25(OH)D status on IBD disease activity, mucosal inflammation, clinical relapse and quality of life. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled and analysed using a random effects model. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were eligible for inclusion comprising 8316 IBD patients (3115 ulcerative colitis, 5201 Crohn's disease). Among IBD patients, low 25(OH)D status was associated with increased odds of disease activity (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.32-1.77, I2 = 0%), mucosal inflammation (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06-1.47, I2 = 0%), low quality of life (QOL) scores (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.60, I2 = 0%) and future clinical relapse (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.47, I2 = 0%). In subgroup analysis, low vitamin D status was associated with Crohn's disease activity (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.03, I2 = 0%), mucosal inflammation (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03-1.85, I2 = 0%), clinical relapse (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.59, I2 = 0%), and low QOL scores (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.50, I2 = 0%) and ulcerative colitis disease activity (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.09, I2 = 0%) and clinical relapse (OR 1.20, 95% 1.01-1.43, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Low 25(OH)D status is a biomarker for disease activity and predictor of poor clinical outcomes in IBD patients.
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5.
Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.
Comeche, JM, Caballero, P, Gutierrez-Hervas, A, García-Sanjuan, S, Comino, I, Altavilla, C, Tuells, J
Nutrients. 2019;(11)
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease mediated by the immune system and is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible treatments for this pathology is a change in the type of diet, of which enteral nutrition (EN) is one. This study is to understand how the use of EN can affect the adult population diagnosed with IBD. We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and a meta-regression. On the different databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS, CINAHL, WOS), we found 363 registers with an accuracy of 12% (44 registers). After a full-text review, only 30 research studies were selected for qualitative synthesis and 11 for meta-analysis and meta-regression. The variables used were Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). EN has been shown to have efficacy for the treatment of Crohn's disease and is compatible with other medicines. As for the CDAI or rates of remission, there were no differences between enteral and parenteral nutrition. Polymeric formulas have shown better results with respect to the CRP. The long-term treatment could dilute the good CDAI results that are obtained at the start of the EN treatment.
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6.
A meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate intake and inflammatory bowel disease risk: evidence from 15 epidemiology studies.
Jin, ZQ, Lu, HG, Wu, QB, Ge, HX, Zhou, TT, Zhang, XQ, Xu, LX
Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas. 2019;(1):5-9
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE epidemiological studies that assess the association of dietary total carbohydrate intake and inflammatory bowel disease risk (IBD) have yielded controversial results. Therefore, this study of various epidemiological studies was conducted in order to explore this relationship. METHODS a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Medline databases was performed up to September 2017. Cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design studies were included that reported the association of dietary carbohydrate intake and IBD risk. Summary odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% CI were calculated using the random effects model. RESULTS a total of eight articles with 15 individual studies that included 1,361 cases were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Dietary carbohydrate intake had a non-significant relationship with the risk of IBD (OR = 1.091, 95% CI = 0.817-1.455, I2 = 31.6%, pfor heterogeneity = 0.116). The pooled OR and 95% CI for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) with regard to dietary carbohydrate intake was 1.167 (0.777-1.752) and 1.010 (0.630-1.618), respectively. These associations were also non-significant in both European and Asia populations. CONCLUSIONS a higher dietary total carbohydrate intake had a non-significant relationship with IBD risk. Further studies with large populations are needed to verify this relationship.
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7.
Is a low FODMAP diet beneficial for patients with inflammatory bowel disease? A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Zhan, YL, Zhan, YA, Dai, SX
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2018;(1):123-129
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To assess the current evidence regarding the benefit of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol (FODMAP) diet in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Medline were comprehensively searched for relevant studies through January 2017. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to analyze the dichotomous variables (diarrhea response, abdominal pain and bloating, etc.) and the continuous variables. Random- and fixed-effects models were chosen according to heterogeneity. RESULTS Two RCTs and four before-after studies with a total of 319 patients (96% in remission) were identified. Except for the constipation response, there was a significant improvement in other symptoms: diarrhea response (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.52, p = 0.0003), satisfaction with gut symptoms (OR: 26.84, 95% CI: 4.6-156.54, p < 0.00001), abdominal bloating (OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.06-0.16, p < 0.00001), abdominal pain (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.16-0.35, p < 0.00001), fatigue (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24-0.66, p = 0.0003) and nausea (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis offers proof to support that a low FODMAP diet is beneficial for reducing gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with quiescent IBD. With the inherent limitations, the findings of this analysis remain to be confirmed and updated by further high-volume, well-designed and long-term follow-up studies.
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8.
Vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and the risks of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal adenoma.
Cho, YA, Lee, J, Oh, JH, Chang, HJ, Sohn, DK, Shin, A, Kim, J
Scientific reports. 2018;(1):12899
Abstract
Based on an inverse association between vitamin D levels and the risks of colorectal diseases, a functional start codon polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is speculated to affect the risks for these diseases. To validate this hypothesis, we first conducted a case-control study of 695 colorectal cancer patients and 1,397 controls. The association of VDR FokI polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk was analyzed using a logistic regression model. In the present case-control study, compared to the F allele, the f allele seemed to be associated with lower risks of colon cancer and advanced colorectal cancer. Additionally, a meta-analysis of 27 studies was conducted to combine findings from previous studies investigating the association of FokI polymorphism with colorectal disease using a random effects model. In the present meta-analysis, the f allele was positively associated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, this allele was inversely associated with colon cancer and was not associated with the risk of rectal cancer or colorectal adenoma. In conclusion, the findings from this study imply that the role of VDR FokI polymorphism may differ based on the type and severity of colorectal disease.
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9.
Fecal Incontinence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Gu, P, Kuenzig, ME, Kaplan, GG, Pimentel, M, Rezaie, A
Inflammatory bowel diseases. 2018;(6):1280-1290
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the prevalence, pathophysiology, and management of fecal incontinence (FI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients without an ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is suboptimal. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and management of primary FI in IBD patients without IPAA. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1966 through March 2017) for studies on the prevalence, physiology, or management of FI in IBD patients without IPAA. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence rates and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics, Cochran Q statistic, and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included. Six studies evaluated the prevalence of FI in 4671 IBD patients. There was significant heterogeneity among the studies, but the pooled prevalence of FI among case-control studies was homogeneous at 24% (95% CI 18%-30%, I2 = 50.6%, P = 0.16). FI was more common among IBD patients than non-IBD controls (OR = 7.73; 95% CI 6.26 to 9.84). Therapeutic options were poorly evaluated in uncontrolled studies. Surgery was effective in 70% of patients (7/10), sacral nerve stimulation was effective in 100% of patients (5/5), and 41.6% of patients (5/12) reported subjective improvement in FI with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation. CONCLUSIONS FI is prevalent in IBD patients without IPAA, and more common than non-IBD controls. Additional controlled studies are warranted to further identify effective therapeutic interventions for FI in IBD. 10.1093/ibd/izx109_video1izx109_Video_15760611117001.
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10.
Clinical Outcomes With Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.
Ricciuto, A, Dhaliwal, J, Walters, TD, Griffiths, AM, Church, PC
Journal of Crohn's & colitis. 2018;(11):1302-1315
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] to improve clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [anti-TNF] drugs. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, EMBASE and Cochrane up to October 2017 for randomized trials [RCTs] and cohort studies comparing proactive or reactive TDM to each other or empiric care. Outcomes included clinical remission [primary], clinical relapse, endoscopic remission, anti-TNF response durability, cost and adverse events [secondary]. Pooled odds ratios and mean differences were calculated. RESULTS The search identified nine studies [three RCTs, six observational], focused on infliximab maintenance therapy in adults. Neither proactive nor reactive TDM was associated with superior clinical remission rates compared to empiric dose optimization. However, evidence of a cost benefit, particularly for reactive TDM vs empiric care, was identified. In several studies, TDM, particularly proactive TDM, was associated with favourable outcomes related to durability of anti-TNF response, such as lower drug discontinuation rates compared to empiric care and reactive TDM, and lower relapse rates compared to empiric care. No consistent benefit was found for endoscopic or surgical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The existing limited evidence does not support an association between any TDM strategy and superior clinical remission rates but does support a cost savings benefit [particularly for reactive TDM] and suggests a potential benefit for anti-TNF durability [particularly proactive TDM]. Additional, longer-term studies are needed, particularly to further investigate proactive TDM, and to generate data on other anti-TNF agents, the induction period and paediatric populations.