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Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Jadhav, RA, Maiya, GA, Hombali, A, Umakanth, S, Shivashankar, KN
Acta diabetologica. 2021;(4):419-429
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Abstract
AIMS: Inflammatory stage in prediabetes is associated with increase in level of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Physical activity promotion considered as a first-line therapeutic strategy to treat prediabetes. We have conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis to strengthen the evidence on the impact of physical activity promotion on inflammatory markers in prediabetes. METHODS Studies were identified using electronic search and manual search techniques by choosing keywords for prediabetes, physical activity and inflammatory marker. Randomized controlled trials on individuals diagnosed with prediabetes and provided intervention in the form of physical activity were included in this review. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were the considered outcome measures. RESULTS Our search retrieved 1,688 citations, 31 full-text articles assessed for eligibility of inclusion. Nine studies satisfied the pre-specified criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis found that physical activity with or without dietary or lifestyle modification reduces level of leptin (MD-2.11 ng/mL, 95% CI -3.81 - -0.42) and interleukin-6 (MD -0.15 pg/mL, 95% CI -0.25--0.04). It has no effect on level of adiponectin (MD 0.26 µg/mL, 95% CI -0.42- 0.93), C-reactive protein (MD -0.05 mg/L, 95% CI -0.33-0.23) and tumour necrosis factor-α (MD 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI -2.56-3.89). CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that physical activity promotion with dietary and lifestyle modification may reduce the level of leptin and interleukin-6 but are uncertain if there is any effect on levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α in the individuals with prediabetes.
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Effect of Dietary Fiber on Serum Leptin Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Hassanzadeh-Rostami, Z, Faghih, S
Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association. 2021;(4):322-333
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fibers may induce satiety through affecting gastro-intestinal and peripheral appetite regulating hormones. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber consumption on serum leptin level compared to control diet, in short- and long- term trials, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed, web of science, Scopus, ProQuest, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to find randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated effect of any type of dietary fiber on serum leptin level compared to control diet, until April 2019. Both short-term (1-4 days) and long-term (longer than 2 weeks) studies were selected. Mean differences (MD) of changes in serum leptin level and 95% confidence intervals were extracted from eligible studies, and random effects model was used to analyze data. RESULTS Thirteen studies included the systematic review and 11 entered in the meta-analysis. No significant change was seen in serum leptin level in short-term (MD=0.02, 95% CI; -0.15, 0.20, Tau2=0.0) and long-term studies (MD=-0.10, 95% CI; -0.28, 0.08, Tau2=0.0), followed by fiber consumption. However, this effect was statistically significant in obese participants (MD=-0.36, 95% CI; -0.71, -0.02, Tau2=0.0) in long-term studies. Moreover, we found no significant results in subgroups of baseline serum leptin level, intervention duration, fiber dose, and fiber type. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that taking dietary fiber for long term could lower serum leptin level, just in obese persons. However, further clinical trials are needed in this field to clarify this issue.
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Effects of body weight regain on leptin levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rostami Rayeni, N, Abdollahzad, H, Alibakhshi, P, Morvaridzadeh, M, Heydari, H, Dehnad, A, Khorshidi, M, Izadi, A, Shidfar, F, Dulce Estêvão, M, et al
Cytokine. 2021;:155647
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different changes observed before and after diet therapy, and also after weight regain. However, there is not sufficient information regarding weight regain and hormonal changes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to review the connection between weight regain and leptin concentration levels. METHODS MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for interventional articles published from January 1, 1980, to June 30, 2020. Randomized clinical trials with parallel or cross over design assessing leptin concentrations at the baseline and at the end of study were reviewed. Two independent reviewers extracted data related to study design, year of publication, country, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of the following up period and mean ± SD of other intended variables. RESULTS Four articles were included, published between 2004 and 2016. Three of them were conducted in the US and one of them in Netherland. Sample size of the studies ranged between 25 and 148 participants. The range of following up period was from13 to 48 weeks. The age range of participants was from 34 to 44 years. Our analysis shows that weight regain could reduce leptin levels, but this change is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This review suggests that weight regain may induce a non-significant reduction in leptin level. However, the limited number and great heterogeneity between the included studies may affect the presented results and there are still need to well-designed, large population studies to determine the relationship between weight regain and leptin levels.
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Leptin as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Bouillon-Minois, JB, Trousselard, M, Thivel, D, Benson, AC, Schmidt, J, Moustafa, F, Bouvier, D, Dutheil, F
Nutrients. 2021;(10)
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a satiety hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreasing levels have been described following acute stress. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if leptin can be a biomarker of stress, with levels decreasing following acute stress. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched to obtain all articles studying leptin levels after acute stress on 15 February 2021. We included articles reporting leptin levels before and after acute stress (physical or psychological) and conducted random effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian and Laird approach). We conducted Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses after exclusion of groups outside the metafunnel. RESULTS We included seven articles-four cohort and three case-control studies-(28 groups) from 27,983 putative articles. Leptin levels decreased after the stress intervention (effect size = -0.34, 95%CI -0.66 to -0.02) compared with baseline levels, with a greater decrease after 60 min compared to mean decrease (-0.45, -0.89 to -0.01) and in normal weight compared to overweight individuals (-0.79, -1.38 to -0.21). There was no difference in the overweight population. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results. Levels of leptin after stress decreased with sex ratio-i.e., number of men/women-(-0.924, 95%CI -1.58 to -0.27) and increased with the baseline levels of leptin (0.039, 0.01 to 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Leptin is a biomarker of stress, with a decrease following acute stress. Normal-weight individuals and women also have a higher variation of leptin levels after stress, suggesting that leptin may have implications in obesity development in response to stress in a sex-dependent manner.
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The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Varkaneh Kord, H, M Tinsley, G, O Santos, H, Zand, H, Nazary, A, Fatahi, S, Mokhtari, Z, Salehi-Sahlabadi, A, Tan, SC, Rahmani, J, et al
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2021;(4):1811-1821
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fasting and energy-restricted diets have been evaluated in several studies as a means of improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to body fat loss. However, further investigation is required to understand potential alterations of leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimate of the influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans, as well as to detect potential sources of heterogeneity in the available literature. METHODS A comprehensive systematic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, SCOPUS and Embase from inception until June 2019. All clinical trials investigating the effects of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin in adults were included. RESULTS Twelve studies containing 17 arms and a total of 495 individuals (intervention = 249, control = 246) reported changes in serum leptin concentrations, and 10 studies containing 12 arms with a total of 438 individuals (intervention = 222, control = 216) reported changes in serum adiponectin concentrations. The combined effect sizes suggested a significant effect of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin concentrations (WMD: -3.690 ng/ml, 95% CI: -5.190, -2.190, p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 84.9%). However, no significant effect of fasting and energy-restricted diets on adiponectin concentrations was found (WMD: -159.520 ng/ml, 95% CI: -689.491, 370.451, p = 0.555; I2 = 74.2%). Stratified analyses showed that energy-restricted regimens significantly increased adiponectin (WMD: 554.129 ng/ml, 95% CI: 150.295, 957.964; I2 = 0.0%). In addition, subsequent subgroup analyses revealed that energy restriction, to ≤50% normal required daily energy intake, resulted in significantly reduced concentrations of leptin (WMD: -4.199 ng/ml, 95% CI: -7.279, -1.118; I2 = 83.9%) and significantly increased concentrations of adiponectin (WMD: 524.04 ng/ml, 95% CI: 115.618, 932.469: I2 = 0.0%). CONCLUSION Fasting and energy-restricted diets elicit significant reductions in serum leptin concentrations. Increases in adiponectin may also be observed when energy intake is ≤50% of normal requirements, although limited data preclude definitive conclusions on this point.
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Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, and liver enzyme levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
Chen, H, Jin, Z, Sun, C, Santos, HO, Kord Varkaneh, H
International journal of clinical practice. 2021;(11):e14698
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation has been investigated in patients with altered cortisol levels and is proposed to ameliorate the metabolic profile related to adipose tissue. However, further research is warranted and evidence is no compelling for liver safety. Hence, we aimed to meta-analyse the effects of DHEA supplementation on circulating levels of cortisol, liver enzymes, and adipokines. METHODS We searched literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus, until December 2020. We obtained overall results using the generic inverse of variance method with a random-effects model. RESULTS Through 10 arms, serum cortisol levels decreased significantly after DHEA supplementation [weighted mean difference (WMD): -53.581 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): -88.2, -18.9, P = .002], without significant heterogeneity (I2 = 36%, P = .117). In contrast, any significance was noted for adiponectin (WMD: -0.045 µg/mL, 95% CI: -0.56, 0.47; P = .865), leptin (WMD: -2.55 µg/mL, 95% CI: -6.2, 1.06; P = .166), aspartate transaminase (AST) (WMD: -3.7 U/L, 95% CI: -10.35, 2.95; P = .276), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -1.7 U/L, 95% CI: -3.45, 0.06; P = .058). CONCLUSION DHEA supplementation decreased circulating cortisol but did not alter adiponectin, leptin, AST, and ALT levels. Hence, DHEA supplementation could be considered as an adjunct in the management of hypercortisolaemia and is safe for the liver.
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Alpha-lipoic acid effect on leptin and adiponectin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Haghighatdoost, F, Gholami, A, Hariri, M
European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2020;(5):649-657
Abstract
BACKGROUND New evidence suggests that dysregulation of adipocytokines caused by excess adiposity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various obesity comorbidities. Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science from inception up to July 2019. Mean difference for leptin and adiponectin were calculated by subtracting the change from baseline in each study group. Summary estimates for the overall effect of ALA on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were calculated using random effects model. Results were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Between-study heterogeneity was examined using the I2 statistics. RESULT Eight studies were included in systematic review and seven studies in meta-analysis. The overall effect suggested a significant decrement in serum leptin concentrations (WMD = - 3.63; 95% CI, - 5.63, - 1.64 μg/ml; I2 = 80.7%) and a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin (WMD = 1.98 μg/ml; 95% CI, 0.92, 3.04; I2 = 95.7%). Subgroup analyses based on age showed a significant reduction in leptin levels only in younger adults, and subgroup analysis based on duration indicated in studies with a duration of more than 8 weeks adiponectin levels increased significantly and leptin levels decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Our results revealed ALA decreased leptin and increased adiponectin especially in studies lasted more than 8 weeks. We still need more studies with different ALA dose, intervention duration, and separately on male and female.
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Walnut intake may increase circulating adiponectin and leptin levels but does not improve glycemic biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Yang, L, Guo, Z, Qi, S, Fang, T, Zhu, H, Santos, HO, Khani, V, Wong, CH, Qiu, Z
Complementary therapies in medicine. 2020;:102505
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Walnut intake is considered a healthy dietary approach worldwide, particularly as a nutritional tool for the management of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Among these lines, leptin and adiponectin, as well as glycemic biomarkers, deserve further attention. We aimed to examine the impact of walnut intake on circulation levels of leptin and adiponectin through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs); secondarily, assessing the glycemic profile as well. METHODS The literature search was implemented in four following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar, thus, determining studies that measured the effects of walnut consumption on adiponectin, leptin, and glycemic biomarkers levels from 2004 up to December 2019. RESULTS Fourteen trials were include in the meta-analysis, with an intervention period ranging from 5 weeks to 12 months.Walnut intake increased leptin (weighted mean difference (WMD): 2.502 ng/mL; 95 % CI: 2.147-2.856, p < 0.001) and adiponectin (WMD: 0.440 ng/mL; 95 % CI: 0.323 to 0.557, p < 0.001) levels. Pertaining to glycemic biomarkers, neither overall analyses nor sub-analyses corroborated with changes in fasting blood glucose (WMD: 0.500 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -0.596, 1.596, p = 0.371), insulin (WMD: -0.21 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -0.67, 0.24, p = 0.367), and glycated hemoglobin (WMD: 0.004 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -0.041, 0.049, p = 0.870) concentrations. CONCLUSION Walnut intake may increase leptin and adiponectin levels but does not improve glycemic biomarkers.
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Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Circulating Level of Adiponectin, Chemerin, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Leptin, Resistin, and Visfatin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Askarpour, M, Alizadeh, S, Hadi, A, Symonds, ME, Miraghajani, M, Sheikhi, A, Ghaedi, E
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme. 2020;(4):207-215
Abstract
Different adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, exert a range of physiological effects. The aim of present systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically investigate the consequence of bariatric surgery on circulating adipokines, that is, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and chemerin. After systematically checking the following electronic databases: ISI web of Science, Scopus and PubMed without limitation in time and language up to February 2019, a pool based on a random effect model was established. Eighty-five eligible studies were entered for quantitative analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that circulating adiponectin increased significantly after bariatric surgery [Standardized mean difference (SMD)=1.401, 95% CI: 1.101, 1.701, p<0.001]; whilst leptin (SMD=-2.178, 95% CI: -2.433, -1.923, p<0.001), PAI-1 (-14.928 ng/ml 95% CI: -21.794, -8.063, p<0.001), and chemerin (-50.238 ng/ml 95% CI: -85.708, -14.768, p<0.001) decreased. However, serum visfatin (2.05 ng/ml, 95% CI: -5.07, 9.17, p=0.573) and resistin (-2.080 ng/ml, 95% CI: -5.352, 1.192, p=0.21) were unchanged. In conclusion, bariatric surgery is associated with a reduction in specific adipokines including leptin, chemerin, and PAI-1, whereas adiponectin is raised, adaptations that could be indicative of improved fat mass and function.
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Appetite regulating hormones in first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Misiak, B, Bartoli, F, Stramecki, F, Samochowiec, J, Lis, M, Kasznia, J, Jarosz, K, Stańczykiewicz, B
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. 2019;:362-370
Abstract
We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of appetite regulating hormones in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with Hedges' g as the effect size estimate. We identified 31 eligible studies, investigating the levels of 7 appetite regulating hormones (adiponectin, insulin, leptin, ghrelin, orexin, resistin and visfatin) in 1792 FEP patients and 1364 controls. The insulin levels in FEP patients were higher than in controls (g = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.19 - 0.49, p < 0.001), even considering only antipsychotic-naïve patients (g = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.12 - 0.66, p = 0.005). The severity of negative symptoms was positively associated with the effect size estimates (β = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.01 - 0.16, p = 0.030). Moreover, we found lower levels of leptin in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients (g = -0.62, 95%CI: -1.11 - 0.12, p = 0.015). Impaired appetite regulation, in terms of elevated insulin levels and decreased leptin levels, occurs in early psychosis, before antipsychotic treatment. Hyperinsulinemia might be related to negative symptoms.