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1.
Adjunct N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Dampens the Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood: Results From the RIPENACTB Study Trial.
Safe, IP, Amaral, EP, Araújo-Pereira, M, Lacerda, MVG, Printes, VS, Souza, AB, Beraldi-Magalhães, F, Monteiro, WM, Sampaio, VS, Barreto-Duarte, B, et al
Frontiers in immunology. 2020;:602589
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) still causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This disease is hallmarked by persistent oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione (GSH) precursor, has been shown in experimental models to limit Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease both by suppression of the host oxidative response and through direct antimicrobial activity. In a recent phase II randomized clinical trial (RIPENACTB study), use of NAC as adjunct therapy during the first two months of anti-TB treatment was safe. Whether adjunct NAC therapy of patients with TB-HIV coinfection in the context of anti-TB treatment could directly affect pro-oxidation and systemic inflammation has not been yet formally demonstrated. To test this hypothesis, we leveraged existing data and biospecimens from the RIPENACTB trial to measure a number of surrogate markers of oxidative stress and of immune activation in peripheral blood of the participants at pre-treatment and at the day 60 of anti-TB treatment. Upon initiation of therapy, we found that the group of patients undertaking NAC exhibited significant increase in GSH levels and in total antioxidant status while displaying substantial reduction in lipid peroxidation compared to the control group. Only small changes in plasma concentrations of cytokines were noted. Pharmacological improvement of the host antioxidant status appears to be a reasonable strategy to reduce TB-associated immunopathology.
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2.
Skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance in humans.
Ingram, KH, Hill, H, Moellering, DR, Hill, BG, Lara-Castro, C, Newcomer, B, Brandon, LJ, Ingalls, CP, Penumetcha, M, Rupp, JC, et al
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2012;(7):E1182-6
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships among skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation, intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL), and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in nine insulin-sensitive (IS), 13 insulin-resistant (IR), and 10 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DESIGN Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp [glucose disposal rate (GDR)]. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and general oxidative stress by protein carbonyl content. All patients were sedentary. RESULTS Protein-HNE adducts were elevated 1.6-fold in T2DM compared with IS adults, whereas IR showed intermediate levels of HNE-modified proteins. Protein-HNE adducts correlated with GDR, waist circumference, and body mass index. IMCL was increased by 4.0- and 1.9-fold in T2DM and IR patients, respectively, compared with IS, and was correlated with GDR and waist circumference but not BMI. Protein carbonyls were not different among groups and did not correlate with any of the measured variables. Correlations were detected between IMCL and protein-HNE. CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that skeletal muscle protein-HNE adducts are related to the severity of insulin resistance in sedentary adults. These results suggest that muscle lipid peroxidation could be involved in the development of insulin resistance.
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Comparative analysis of lycopene in oxidative stress.
Sarkar, PD, Gupt, T, Sahu, A
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2012;:17-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lycopene is a phytochemical, found in tomatoes having singlet oxygen quenching ability higher than other antioxidants, participates in most of chemical reactions to protect critical cellular biomolecules. Present study is to analyze effect of tomato's lycopene, synthetic lycopene, its placebo form in patients of OS. METHODS Study includes 45 patients having oxidative stress, age 40-60 years and 30 age and sex matched healthy control. Blood samples were collected at the enrollment, end of 2 weeks of lycopene restricted diet and after 10 weeks of lycopene supplementation. Oxidative stress biomarkers MDA, SOD, GPX, GR, GSH, Catalase, vitamin C and E were measured. RESULTS Results of study revealed decreased lipid peroxidation and OS after various forms of lycopene supplementation but comparative analysis showed significant increase in OS biomarkers except MDA in patients receiving synthetic lycopene as compare to natural and placebo form. CONCLUSION Dietary intake of tomato lycopene is beneficial to fight against OS but in the synthetic form it is more bioavailable and more effective against OS.
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Inhibitory effects of balsamic vinegar on LDL oxidation and lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages.
Iizuka, M, Tani, M, Kishimoto, Y, Saita, E, Toyozaki, M, Kondo, K
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2010;(6):421-7
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to contribute to atherosclerosis in part by being taken up into macrophages via scavenger receptors, thus accounting for foam cells. Balsamic vinegar is made from grapes and generally consumed in the Mediterranean region. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of balsamic vinegar on LDL oxidation and foam cell formation. Balsamic vinegar had stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities and higher polyphenol concentrations than rice vinegar. Balsamic vinegar dramatically inhibited LDL oxidation by azoradicals and endothelial cell-mediated oxidation in vitro. Further, we assessed the anti-oxidative effect against LDL after balsamic vinegar consumption in human subjects. Balsamic vinegar prolonged the LDL oxidation lag time and decreased lipid peroxide (LPO) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) in LDL particles. We next examined the effect of balsamic vinegar on foam cell formation. Oil red O staining showed that balsamic vinegar inhibited oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation in THP-1 macrophages. The concentrations of intracellular triglycerides and total cholesterols were reduced in the presence of balsamic vinegar. In addition, balsamic vinegar decreased the mRNA and protein expression level of scavenger receptors in THP-1 macrophages. These results showed that balsamic vinegar contained abundant polyphenols and inhibited LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation by decreasing the expression of scavenger receptors.
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Effects of almond dietary supplementation on coronary heart disease lipid risk factors and serum lipid oxidation parameters in men with mild hyperlipidemia.
Jalali-Khanabadi, BA, Mozaffari-Khosravi, H, Parsaeyan, N
Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2010;(12):1279-83
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidation and level of plasma lipids are closely implicated in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary almond supplementation may participate in beneficial effects on CHD lipid risk factor levels and their susceptibility to oxidative modification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with almond on serum lipid levels and their relation to lipid oxidation parameters in men with mild hyperlipidemia. DESIGN Thirty (30) healthy volunteer men (age 45.57 ± 7.14 years and body-mass index 24.29 ± 2.15 kg/m(2)) with mild hyperlipidemia received 60 g almond daily for 4 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained before and after supplementation. Serum levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and copper-induced serum lipid oxidation were determined. Lipid oxidation was followed by monitoring of the change of conjugated dienes in diluted serum after addition of Cu(2+). A number of quantitative parameters including lag-time, maximal rate of oxidation (V-max), and maximal amount of lipid peroxide products (OD-max) were evaluated. RESULTS After 4 weeks, almond supplementation significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), and apolipoprotein B100 (apo-B100). At baseline, there was little correlation between lipid risk factors and lipid oxidation parameters, but a positive correlation was observed between TC and lag-time (r = 0.6, p = 0.001), negative correlation between TC with V-max and OD-max (r = -0.65, p < 0.001 and r = -0.61, p = 0.001), and also positive correlation between apo-B100 with V-max and OD-max (r = 0.48, p = 0.01 and r = 0.54, p = 0.003) after almond supplementation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that almond supplementation, in addition to lowering effects on serum levels of CHD lipid risk factors, may contribute to a dramatic change in the relation of lipid risk factors and susceptibility of serum lipids to oxidative modification. This may be due to the distribution of different almond phenolic antioxidants in different components of serum including nonlipoprotein molecules such as serum albumin.
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Strawberry consumption is associated with increased antioxidant capacity in serum.
Henning, SM, Seeram, NP, Zhang, Y, Li, L, Gao, K, Lee, RP, Wang, DC, Zerlin, A, Karp, H, Thames, G, et al
Journal of medicinal food. 2010;(1):116-22
Abstract
Strawberries are known to contain antioxidants, but the significance of ingesting antioxidant-rich fruits remains to be established. In order to determine whether the consumption of strawberries impacted measures of in vivo antioxidant capacity, frozen strawberries (250 g) were administered daily for 3 weeks to 21 healthy female volunteers. Compliance was confirmed by quantitating pelargonidin-glucuronide, urolithin A-glucuronide, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-[(2)H]furanone-glucuronide in plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and antioxidant capacity in serum measured by the increase in lag phase of low-density lipoprotein after copper sulfate exposure, DNA strand breaks in lymphocytes, and activity of phase II enzymes. Among these measures lipid peroxidation lag time increased by 20% (P < .01), whereas other measures did not change significantly. The potent antioxidant defenses in humans make determination of changes due to dietary ingestion in healthy individuals difficult. In summary, daily consumption of strawberries resulted in a modest but significant increase in antioxidant capacity in a healthy population.
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Alpha-tocopherol supplementation prevents the exercise-induced reduction of serum paraoxonase 1/arylesterase activities in healthy individuals.
Tsakiris, S, Karikas, GA, Parthimos, T, Tsakiris, T, Bakogiannis, C, Schulpis, KH
European journal of clinical nutrition. 2009;(2):215-21
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate PON 1/Aryl activities in basketball players with or without alpha-T supplementation pre- and post-training. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol, alpha-T) reduces lipid peroxidation. Paraoxonase 1/arylesterase (PON 1/Aryl) activities are closely related to oxidation and atherogenesis. SUBJECT/METHODS Blood was obtained from 10 players pre- (group A), post-exercise (group B) and after 1 month on alpha-T (200 mg per 24 h orally) supplementation pre- (group C) and post-exercise (group D). Lactate, pyruvate, muscle enzyme activities, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured with commercial kits. Catecholamines and alpha-T were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography methods and PON 1/Aryl activities spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Lactate, pyruvate, muscle enzyme activities and catecholamines were increased (P<0.001) in all groups post-training. Alpha-T levels remained unaltered pre- vs post-exercise. TAS was decreased in all the groups post training. PON 1/Aryl activities were significantly decreased post-exercise (group B) (PON1: 65+/-12 U min(-1) ml(-1), Aryl: 58+/-14 KU min(-1) ml(-1)) as compared to those pre-exercise (group A) (PON1: 142+/-16 U min(-1) ml(-1), Aryl: 114+/-12 KU min(-1) ml(-1), P<0.001). In contrast, the studied enzyme activities remained practically unaltered after alpha-T supplementation pre- vs post-training. Both enzyme activities positively correlated to TAS (r=0.60, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Alpha-T supplementation may result in protection of the enzyme PON 1/Aryl activities from free radical production.
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Oxidative and antioxidant status in plasma of runners: effect of oral supplementation with natural antioxidants.
Di Giacomo, C, Acquaviva, R, Sorrenti, V, Vanella, A, Grasso, S, Barcellona, ML, Galvano, F, Vanella, L, Renis, M
Journal of medicinal food. 2009;(1):145-50
Abstract
Aerobic exercise increases free radical production as a consequence of enhanced oxygen consumption. If free radical formation exceeds antioxidant capacity, lipids, proteins, and DNA may be oxidized. Oxidative stress is widely recognized as a factor in many degenerative human diseases. The role of dietary antioxidants in protection against disease is a topic of continuing interest. In fact, there is epidemiological evidence correlating a higher intake of nutrients possessing antioxidant abilities with a lower incidence of various human diseases. This study was directed at investigating whether changes in plasma antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress markers occur in voluntary wheel runners, before and after oral supplementation with lycopene and isoflavones. For this purpose, plasma antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress markers were assessed in long distance runners at the end of a 60-minute run. Comparisons were made between runners before and after 60 days of supplementation with lycopene and isoflavones. DNA damage in blood cells of the same samples was also evaluated by comet assay. This investigation shows that oral supplementation with lycopene and soy-derived isoflavones significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced plasma nonproteic antioxidant defense.
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[Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system status in patients with acute myeloblast leukemia and toxic damage of the liver].
Kuzieva, GZ, Kholmatova, NM, Shevchenko, LI, Khuzhakhmedov, ZhD, Zavgorodniaia, SV
Likars'ka sprava. 2009;(1-2):55-8
Abstract
Patients with acute myelogenous leucosis with toxic damage of the liver against polychemotherapy have an expressed disbalance in the lipid peroxidation-anti-oxidant system, which is possible to correct effectively using S-adenozilmetionin (heptral) was observed.
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Topical polyphenolic antioxidants reduce the adverse effects of intense pulsed light therapy.
Freedman, BM
Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology. 2009;(3):142-5
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense pulsed light therapy (IPL) has been associated with erythema and increased lipid peroxidation. Polyphenolic antioxidants have been shown to decrease inflammation and reduce oxidative stress in irradiated skin. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the topical application of polyphenolic antioxidants to IPL-treated skin reduced the adverse effects of IPL exposure. METHODS In a split-face study, 10 volunteers underwent three full-face IPL treatments (16 J/cm(2), 10 ms, 560 nm filter) spaced 3 weeks apart. A polyphenolic antioxidant solution was pneumatically applied to the left side of the face, beginning immediately before the first IPL treatment then weekly for six treatments. The lipid peroxide concentration, skin antioxidant level and skin moisture content were obtained before and after the study. RESULTS Skin treated with IPL alone contained a significantly higher concentration of lipid peroxides when compared to skin treated with IPL plus polyphenolic antioxidants (p<0.05). Skin treated with IPL alone contained a significantly lower level of polyphenolic antioxidants and had a significantly lower moisture content (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the concurrent pneumatic topical application of polyphenolic antioxidants reduced lipid peroxidation and skin dehydration in IPL-treated skin. Polyphenolic antioxidants may confer a protective effect on facial skin and enhance the effects of IPL therapy.