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1.
Efficacy of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with Tetrachlorodecaoxygen-Anion Complex Instillation Compared with Standard Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for Accelerated Wound Healing: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Burusapat, C, Sringkarawat, S
Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2021;(2):339-352
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with instillation is a novel wound therapy. The optimal solution is still being investigated. Tetrachlorodecaoxygen-anion complex (TCDO) causes increased phagocytosis and oxygenation. The authors' objective was to investigate the efficacy of NPWT with TCDO instillation (NPWTi) and to compare the results with NPWT alone. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Inclusion criteria were wound size greater than 4 cm2 and depth greater than 10 mm. Exclusion criteria were malignancy, immunocompromise, and allergy to TCDO. Patients were randomized into NPWT and NPWTi groups. Outcome measurements consisted of wound surface area, depth, volume, tissue culture, and pathologic evaluation. RESULTS A total of 24 patients in each group were enrolled. The percentages of wound surface area reduction of NPWTi and NPWT groups were 24.1 ± 6.8 and 28.2 ± 7.6 on day 12, and 19.0 ± 6.6 and 22.7 ± 7.8 on day 15, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentages of wound depth reduction were 16.4 ± 5.3 and 22.5 ± 10.5 on day 12, and 12.0 ± 6.7 and 14.1 ± 8.0 on day 15, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentages of wound volume reduction were 17.9 ± 4.6 and 21.6 ± 5.8 on day 12, and 14.7 ± 6.0 and 17.1 ± 6.6 on day 15, respectively (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in microbial reduction was found between the groups. Histopathologic examination showed that more angiogenesis was observed in the NPWTi group than in the NPWT group. CONCLUSIONS NPWT with TCDO instillation statistically significantly accelerated wound healing, but it did not show significant microbial reduction. The authors' results suggest that TCDO instillation may be an adjunctive treatment in NPWT. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, II.
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2.
Tantalum oxide nanoparticles as an advanced platform for cancer diagnostics: a review and perspective.
Koshevaya, E, Krivoshapkina, E, Krivoshapkin, P
Journal of materials chemistry. B. 2021;(25):5008-5024
Abstract
The development of new safe and effective contrast agents (CAs) is a crucial factor to increase the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT). For now, tantalum oxide-based nanoparticles (TaOx NPs) are among the most promising CAs for CT due to their superior properties: high X-ray attenuation coefficient, excellent biocompatibility, and easily modifiable surface chemistry. Compared to the commercially available analogs (iodine-based CAs), TaOx NPs provide better contrast performance, long-circulation, and high safety profiles (reduced exposure of X-rays and CA dosage). Among the investigated nanoparticulate CAs they afford higher cost-effectiveness (Au, Pt, Lu). TaOx NPs can also be easily modified to include other imaging or therapeutic modalities. This review aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of tantalum oxide-based CAs used for single or multimodal imaging and theranostic purposes. The design specification of TaOx NPs in terms of size, surface functionalization, composition, and their influence on the contrast performance, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics are discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of TaOx NPs used as CT CAs are addressed.
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3.
A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on Au@Pd nanodendrite functionalized MoO2 nanosheet for highly sensitive detection of HBsAg.
Yang, Q, Wang, P, Ma, E, Yu, H, Zhou, K, Tang, C, Ren, J, Li, Y, Liu, Q, Dong, Y
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2021;:107713
Abstract
In this work, a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated to the effective detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The designed electrochemical immunosensor was based on Au core and Pd shell nanodendrites loaded on amino functionalized molybdenum dioxide nanosheets (Au@Pd NDS/NH2-MoO2 NSs) as the secondary antibody (Ab2) label and silver nanoparticles were loaded by electrodeposited (D-Ag NPs) on the surface of electrode as the platform. Because of the synergistic effect and abundant catalytic activity sites provided by surface dendrite structure, Au@Pd NDs were more effective than single gold and palladium nanoparticles in catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). MoO2 had the good catalytic capacity for reduction of H2O2 and favourable electrical conductivity. Hence, the obtained Au@Pd NDS/NH2-MoO2 NSs were more effective than Au@Pd NDs and NH2-MoO2 NSs in catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide attribute to a synergistic effect. Also, Ag NPs with admirable electrical conductivity and biocompatibility were used as sensing platforms and primary antibodies (Ab1) carriers, which can accelerate the electron transfer and improve the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Here, the proposed electrochemical immunosensor offered a wide linear interval from 10 fg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and the lower limit of detection of 3.3 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3) for detection of HBsAg under optimal experimental conditions. Furthermore, the accuracy of the actual serum sample analysis was satisfactory, which showed that the electrochemical immunosensor possessed a good application prospect in clinical detection.
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4.
Phase I dose-escalation study of NBTXR3 activated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy in elderly patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx.
Hoffmann, C, Calugaru, V, Borcoman, E, Moreno, V, Calvo, E, Liem, X, Salas, S, Doger, B, Jouffroy, T, Mirabel, X, et al
European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2021;:135-144
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study assessed the safety of first-in-class radioenhancer nanoparticles, NBTXR3, in elderly or frail patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), ineligible for chemoradiation. METHODS Patients with stage III or IVA (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guidelines, 7th edition, 2010) HNSCC of the oral cavity or oropharynx, aged ≥70 or ≥65 years and ineligible to receive cisplatin, amenable to radiotherapy (RT) with curative intent, received NBTXR3 as a single intratumoural (IT) injection followed by activation by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT; 70 Gy). The NBTXR3 dose corresponded to a percentage of the baseline tumour volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. The primary objectives were to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Safety and tolerability were assessed using National Cancer Institute CTCAE version 4.0. Antitumour activity was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled: 3 at the dose level of 5%, 3 at the dose level of 10%, 5 at the dose level of 15% and 8 at the dose level of 22% of the tumour volume. The MTD was not reached, and no DLTs or serious adverse event (SAEs) related to NBTXR3 were observed. Four adverse events related to NBTXR3 and/or the IT injection were reported (grade I-II). NBTXR3 remained in the injected tumour throughout RT, with no leakage in the surrounding healthy tissues. Specific RT-related toxicity was as expected with IMRT. The RP2D was determined as 22% baseline tumour volume. Preliminary signs of antitumour activity were observed. CONCLUSION Intratumoural injection of NBTXR3 followed by IMRT is feasible and demonstrated a good safety profile, supporting further evaluation at the RP2D in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT01946867.
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5.
Investigation of characteristics as endodontic sealer of novel experimental elastin-like polypeptide-based mineral trioxide aggregate.
Kim, HJ, Jang, JH, Kim, SY
Scientific reports. 2021;(1):10537
Abstract
Although mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) have been adopted as an endodontic sealer because of excellent sealing effect and bioactive property and been modified with improvement of its characteristics, the developed MTA sealers have not yet satisfied all the ideal requirements of endodontic sealers. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-incorporated MTA for use as an endodontic sealer and compare them with those of commercial MTA sealers. Two commercial MTA sealers and three experimental ELP-incorporated MTA sealers with 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 liquid/powder (L/P) ratio for 10 wt% ELP liquid were evaluated. The push-out bond strength, flow rate, sealer penetrability and wash-out resistance were tested and the sealer-dentin interface was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our study revealed the ELP-incorporated MTA sealer, especially in 0.4 L/P ratio, exhibited the higher push-out bond strength and flow rate (P < 0.05), and equal or superior sealer penetration and remarkable wash-out resistance compared to commercial MTA sealers. The groups of ELP-based experimental sealers also exhibited more intimate contact with dentin compared to the commercial MTA sealers. Our research will suggest the possible adoption of the ELP-incorporated MTA as endodontic sealer for clinical use.
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6.
Mechanisms of mass transfer enhancement by phase-transfer catalysis for permanganate oxidizing dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) TCE.
Zhang, M, Dong, J, Cai, P
Chemosphere. 2020;:124867
Abstract
Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been shown to be effective in lowering the limitation of mass transfer between aqueous oxidant MnO4- and NAPLs in in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technologies for remediation of NAPLs. This work researched the effects of pentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (PTPP, used as the representative PTC) for the enhancement of TCE oxidation, the extent of different treatment effects contributions and generalizability of phase transfer. Experimental results revealed that MnO4- exchanged with Br- in PTPP by ion exchange mechanism and then transferred to NAPL phase due to biphasic nature of PTPP-MnO4-. PTPP enhanced TCE dissolution in aqueous phase but had no significant effect on TCE solubilization. Enhanced TCE dissolution gradually weakened after 2.0 h and disappeared after 5.5 h, while the percentage of MnO4- in phase transfer was 14.8% at 7.5 h, which indicated that dissolution acceleration was only effective at initial stage of reaction (0-2.5 h). Therefore, persistent phase transfer process played the leading role in TCE remediation enhancement. Moreover, for different NAPL phase, more effective phase transfer could be achieved in NAPLs with higher solubility and weaker hydrophobicity. The best-fit polynomial relationship (R2 = 0.992) existed between the percentage amount of MnO4- transferred and the solubility of NAPL.
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7.
Iron-oxide minerals in the human tissues.
Svobodova, H, Kosnáč, D, Tanila, H, Wagner, A, Trnka, M, Vitovič, P, Hlinkova, J, Vavrinsky, E, Ehrlich, H, Polák, Š, et al
Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. 2020;(1):1-13
Abstract
Iron is critically important and highly regulated trace metal in the human body. However, in its free ion form, it is known to be cytotoxic; therefore, it is bound to iron storing protein, ferritin. Ferritin is a key regulator of body iron homeostasis able to form various types of minerals depending on the tissue environment. Each mineral, e.g. magnetite, maghemite, goethite, akaganeite or hematite, present in the ferritin core carry different characteristics possibly affecting cells in the tissue. In specific cases, it can lead to disease development. Widely studied connection with neurodegenerative conditions is widely studied, including Alzheimer disease. Although the exact ferritin structure and its distribution throughout a human body are still not fully known, many studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms involved in its regulation and pathogenesis. In this review, we try to summarize the iron uptake into the body. Next, we discuss the known occurrence of ferritin in human tissues. Lastly, we also examine the formation of iron oxides and their involvement in brain functions.
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8.
Study on microstructure, microhardness, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of La2 O3 -containing bioceramic coating doping SiO2 fabricated by laser cladding.
Fu, Q, Liu, Q, Li, L, Li, X, Gu, H, Sheng, B, Yang, B
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials. 2020;(5):2099-2107
Abstract
To solve the lack of strength of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings in load-bearing applications, gradient Ca-P bioceramic coatings doped with La2 O3 and SiO2 are fabricated by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4 V. The effect of SiO2 on microstructure, microhardness, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of coatings was investigated. The experimental results illustrate that the coating doped with La2 O3 and SiO2 has excellent metallurgical bonding. The XRD analysis confirms that the amount of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in the coating reached maximum when doping amount of SiO2 is 10 wt %. SiO2 -doped coatings show a significantly higher bone-like apatite precipitation after immersion in SBF than that of other coatings. in vitro experiment also shows that coating with 10 wt % SiO2 is more suitable for the attachment and proliferation of MG63 cells, indicating that coating with 10 wt % SiO2 exhibits best bioactivity and biocompatibility. These results suggest that the addition of SiO2 improves the bonding strength, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of coatings.
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9.
A Pilot Study on the Effects of l-Carnitine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide on Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation and CVD Biomarkers in Aged Women.
Bordoni, L, Sawicka, AK, Szarmach, A, Winklewski, PJ, Olek, RA, Gabbianelli, R
International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;(3)
Abstract
l-carnitine supplementation has been used for cardiovascular health protection for a long time. Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is an end product of l-carnitine metabolism via the activity of microbiota, has been identified as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 6 months of l-carnitine supplementation in a group of aged women engaged in a regular physical training. Platelet mitochondrial DNA methylation, an emerging and innovative biomarker, lipid profile and TMAO levels have been measured. TMAO increased after l-carnitine supplementation (before 344.3 ± 129.8 ng/mL vs. after 2216.8 ± 1869.0 ng/mL; n = 9; paired t-test, p = 0.02). No significant effects on TMAO were exerted by training alone (n = 9) or by l-leucine supplementation (n = 12). TMAO levels after 6 months of l-carnitine supplementation were associated with higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) (Spearman Rho = 0.518, p = 0.003) and total cholesterol (TC) (Spearman Rho = 0.407, p = 0.026) levels. l-carnitine supplementation increased D-loop methylation in platelets (+6.63%; paired t-test, p = 0.005). D-loop methylation was not directly correlated to the TMAO augmentation observed in the supplemented group, but its increase inversely correlated with TC (Pearson coefficient = -0.529, p = 0.029) and LDL-c (Pearson coefficient = -0.439, p = 0.048). This evidence supports the hypothesis that the correlation between l-carnitine, TMAO and atherosclerosis might be more complex than already postulated, and the alteration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation in platelets could be involved in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease.
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10.
Dechlorination of 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl by magnetoferritin with different loading factors.
Balejcikova, L, Tomasovicova, N, Zakutanska, K, Batkova, M, Kovac, J, Kopcansky, P
Chemosphere. 2020;:127629
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls are synthetic industrial organic substances. These persistent pollutants occur in nature causing high ecological risks and damage to human health. Magnetoferritin nanoparticles composed of apoferritin protein shell surrounding synthetically prepared iron-based nanoparticles seem to be a promising candidate for polychlorinated biphenyls elimination. Properties of magnetoferritin, as a redox activity, a biocompatible character, high application possibilities and a close relationship with the human body promoted ours in vitro investigation of the magnetoferritin catalytic activity in the presence of representative 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl. Basic physico-chemical properties of magnetoferritin were determined by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and atomic force microscopy. The remediation effect of magnetoferritin on 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl was demonstrated by the use of gas chromatography in combination with infrared spectroscopy.