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Evaluation of fluoride varnish and its comparison with pumice prophylaxis using self-etching primer in orthodontic bonding--an in vivo study.
Grover, S, Sidhu, MS, Prabhakar, M, Jena, S, Soni, S
European journal of orthodontics. 2012;(2):198-201
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of fluoride varnish as a prophylaxis method with self etching primer (SEP) and its comparison with pumice before orthodontic bonding. Thirty seven orthodontic patients participated in a prospective clinical trial. A split mouth technique was used in each patient, one quadrant was assigned to fluoride varnish and the contralateral quadrant to pumice prophylaxis. A total of 684 teeth were bonded with SEP (Transbond plus; 3M Unitek) and monitored for 6 months for bond failures. A total of 42 (6.1%) failures were recorded, 9 (2.6%) in the pumice group and 33 (9.6%) in the fluoride varnish group. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the number of bracket failures between the pumice and fluoride varnish groups and the number of patients in each group experiencing at least one bond failure. Statistically significant differences were found both in total number of bond failures (P < 0.001) and in the number of patients with bond failures (P < 0.05) between both groups. A significantly lower and clinically acceptable bond failure rate was observed with Transbond Plus self etching primer after pumice prophylaxis.
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2.
The effects of phosphoric acid, sodium hypochlorite, ferric oxalate and Scotchbond Multipurpose on the rate of pressure change across dentine: a laboratory study.
Ng, LP, Wilson, PR
Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2005;(6):418-26
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of dentine treatment on dentine permeability of crown preparations treated with phosphoric acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and then ferric oxalate (Sensodyne sealant) or bis-phenol-A-diglycidyldimethacrylate (BIS-GMA) and hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) resin combination (Scotchbond Multipurpose). Thirty human premolars received full crown preparations (stage A), were then acid etched (stage B) and subsequently the pulp chamber flushed with NaOCl (stage C). They were then randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 was treated with Scotchbond Multipurpose and group 2 with 6% ferric oxalate (Sensodyne sealant) (stage D). Both groups were acid etched a second time (stage E) as the final step in the sequence. The rise in pressure in the pulp chamber because of the transmission of saline from the pressure chamber through cut dentine was recorded by a pressure transducer after each of the stages described (A to E). The mean rate of pressure change across dentine (Pa s(-1)) for each measurement point (A to E) (n = 30) were A = 2.3; B = 9.8; C = 16; D = 2.1; E = 3.1. Acid etching and NaOCl were both effective in producing significant increases in the rate of pressure change across dentine (P < 0.05). Sensodyne sealant and Scotchbond Multipurpose are both effective dentine sealants and there is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in their abilities in sealing dentine. Acid etching-sealed dentine produced a significant increase in the rate of pressure change across dentine (P < 0.05). The sealing of dentine appears to be a sensible consideration following crown preparations on vital teeth.
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3.
Effect of filler loading on resin cement bonding to silanized buildup composites.
Kajihara, H, Suzuki, S, Minesaki, Y, Kurashige, H, Tanaka, T
American journal of dentistry. 2005;(2):109-12
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of silanation for core buildup composites on bond strength of resin cement. METHODS Three core buildup composites including FluoroCore LV, Core Restore, and Clearfil Photo Core, of which filler loadings were 65 wt%, 74 wt%, and 83 wt% respectively, were used. All composite specimens were randomly divided into four surface treatment groups of eight each as following; 1) 600-grit ground only, 2) 600-grit ground plus silanation, 3) 600-grit ground plus air-particle abrasion, 4) air-particle abrasion plus silanation. Following these treatments, 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (C&B Metabond) was bonded to the specimen surfaces. Completed specimens were stored in 37 degree C water for 24 hours, and then thermocycled 20,000 times (4 degree C - 60 degree C) before shear bond strengths were tested. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Scheffé's test for statistical significance (P < 0.05). RESULTS Clearfil Photo Core, of which filler loading was the highest among the resin composites tested, treated with air-particle abrasion plus silanation obtained the highest bond strength. However, silanation alone was not effective for improving the bond strength.
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4.
Ultrastructural correlates of in vivo/in vitro bond degradation in self-etch adhesives.
Donmez, N, Belli, S, Pashley, DH, Tay, FR
Journal of dental research. 2005;(4):355-9
Abstract
The morphologic correlates of bond degradation in self-etching primers have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that there is no difference between the mechanism of degradation of self-etching primers in vivo and in vitro. Class I cavities prepared in vivo in 24 caries-free human molars were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil Protect Bond, and restored with resin composites. Eight teeth were extracted after 24 hrs, and the rest after 1 yr. The same protocol was repeated in vitro with extracted molars. Degradation of resin-dentin bonds was assessed by microtensile bond testing and TEM of interfaces after tracer immersion. Both in vivo and in vitro bond strengths decreased with time for SE Bond but not for Protect Bond, with more pronounced water treeing observed in the former adhesive under both aging conditions. There is no difference between the mechanism of degradation of self-etch adhesives in vivo or in vitro.
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5.
The influence of fatigue loading on the quality of the cement layer and retention strength of carbon fiber post-resin composite core restorations.
Bolhuis, P, de Gee, A, Feilzer, A
Operative dentistry. 2005;(2):220-7
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that endodontically treated teeth restored with short posts or deficient ferrules show a high failure risk. This study. evaluated the influence of fatigue loading on the quality of the cement layer between prefabricated quartz coated carbon fiber posts with restricted length and the root canal wall in maxillary pre-molars. Two adhesive resin composite cements, chemical-cured Panavia 21 (Group 1) and dual-cured RelyX-ARC (Group 2), and one resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, chemical-cured RelyX (Group 3), delta were selected for this study. Post- and-core restorations were made on single-rooted human maxillary premolars from which the coronal sections were removed at the level of the proximal cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Following endodontic treatment, a post-and-core restoration with 6-mm post length was prepared for each tooth. The posts were directly cemented into the root canal and, after applying an adhesive (Clearfil Photo Bond), they were built up with a core build-up composite (Clearfil Photo Core). For each group (n=8), half of the specimens were exposed to fatigue loading (10(6) load cycles) almost perpendicular to the axial axis (85 degrees), while the other half were used as the control. Three parallel, transverse root sections, 1.5-mm thick, were cut from each specimen at the apical, medial and coronal location. These sections were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the integrity of the cement layer, while the retention strength of the cemented post sections was determined with the push-out test. The multivariate results of MANOVA showed that the condition main effect (fatigue or control) was not significant (p=0.059); the two other main effects, type of cement and section location, were significant (p=0.001 and p=0.008). For both the push-out strength and SEM evaluation of the cement layer integrity, the results significantly improved from RelyX to RelyX-ARC to Panavia 21 and also from apical to coronal.
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6.
Pulp tissue reactions to a dentin bonding agent as a direct capping agent.
Sübay, RK, Demirci, M
Journal of endodontics. 2005;(3):201-4
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the response of human pulp tissue to a dentin bonding agent, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SMPP), in exposed class V cavities. Sixteen human premolar teeth were mechanically exposed. Ten pulps were capped with SMPP and six teeth were capped with Dycal. The cavities were filled with a composite. After 40 days, the teeth were extracted and processed for histologic evaluation. Of the 10 teeth capped with SMPP, eight showed moderate chronic inflammation, one was severely inflamed, and one pulp had no to slight inflammation. None of the teeth capped with SMPP showed dentin bridge formation. Of the six teeth capped with Dycal, three exhibited incomplete dentin bridges associated with no to slight inflammation, and three showed no to slight inflammation, without formation of dentin bridges. Direct capping with Dycal with subsequent sealing with SMPP may show favorable results in pulp tissue. SMPP may cause inflammatory changes when applied directly to exposed pulp tissue.
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7.
Effect of water storage on the shear bond strength of a cyanoacrylate adhesive: clinical implications.
Ajlouni, R, Bishara, SE, Oonsombat, C
World journal of orthodontics. 2004;(3):250-3
Abstract
AIM: To compare the effects of water storage on the shear bond strength of a cyanoacrylate adhesive system at three time intervals: (1) within 30 minutes after bonding the bracket to the tooth; (2) 24 hours from the time of bonding; and (3) after 30 days of storage in water at 37 degrees C. METHODS Sixty freshly extracted human molars were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (weight/volume) thymol. The teeth were cleansed and polished, then randomly separated into three groups: group 1, cyanoacrylate adhesive debonded within 30 minutes from initial bonding; group 2, cyanoacrylate adhesive debonded after 24 hours immersion in deionized water at 37 degrees C; group 3, cyanoacrylate adhesive debonded after 30 days immersion in deionized water at 37 degrees C. RESULTS Analysis of variance (F = 11.94) comparing the experimental groups indicated the presence of significant differences between the three groups (P = .0001). The shear bond strengths were significantly greater in the two groups debonded after 30 minutes (mean = 5.8+/-2.4 MPa) and 24 hours (mean = 7.1+/-3.3 MPa) than the group debonded after 30 days of water storage (mean = 2.7+/-2.0 MPa). CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that the cyanoacrylate adhesive has clinically adequate shear bond strengths at 30 minutes and 24 hours after initial bonding, but that the bond strength decreases by 50% within 30 days. The clinician needs to carefully take the overall properties of the adhesive into consideration.
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8.
Use of self-etching adhesives to seal resected apices.
Murray, MJ, Loushine, RJ, Weller, RN, Kimbrough, WF, Pashley, DH
Journal of endodontics. 2004;(7):538-40
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of four self-etching adhesives placed over blood-contaminated/uncontaminated resected root apices without root-end preparation. Extracted maxillary incisors and canines were randomly divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. After canal preparation and resection of the apex, four self-etching adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond, One-Up Bond F, Unifil Bond, and ABF) were applied over the control and contaminated surfaces. The roots were then subjected to 15 cm of water pressure to simulate periapical microleakage stress. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures, ANOVA. Positive and negative controls responded as expected. Statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the sealing effectiveness among the adhesives applied to contaminated or uncontaminated groups. All contaminated groups had significantly higher leakage (p < 0.003) than their uncontaminated pairs.
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9.
Effect of fluoride varnish on the in vitro bond strength of orthodontic brackets using a self-etching primer system.
Kimura, T, Dunn, WJ, Taloumis, LJ
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2004;(3):351-6
Abstract
To reduce the number of steps involved with bonding procedures, manufacturers have simplified adhesive systems by combining the hydrophilic primer and the adhesive, or by combining the etchant, the primer, and the adhesive into 1 bottle and application. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel, with or without fluoride varnish, by using either conventional or self-etching primer systems. Forty-eight extracted teeth were divided into 4 groups of 12 teeth each: group 1, fluoride varnish, conventional adhesive; group 2, fluoride varnish, self-etching primer system; group 3, no fluoride varnish, conventional adhesive; and group 4, no fluoride varnish, self-etching primer system. The bonding procedure followed the manufacturers' recommendations for the materials. Precoated adhesive orthodontic brackets were light-cured to the facial surfaces of the teeth and stored in whole human saliva at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The specimens were subjected to a shear force in a testing machine until failure. The adhesive remnant index was used to score the teeth. Data were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance to test for differences in shear bond strength with respect to fluoride varnish and type of adhesive system used. The results showed no difference in bond strength among any of the experimental groups. Similarly, chi-square analysis determined that adhesive remnant index scores were not statistically different. The application of fluoride varnish does not affect the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel with conventional or self-etching primer systems.
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10.
The effect of silica coating on the resin bond to the intaglio surface of Procera AllCeram restorations.
Blatz, MB, Sadan, A, Blatz, U
Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985). 2003;(7):542-7
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the influence of a silica-coating method on the resin bond of two different resin composite cements to the intaglio surface of Procera AllCeram densely sintered, high-purity, alumina ceramic restorations after long-term storage and thermocycling. METHOD AND MATERIALS Densely sintered alumina ceramic specimens were fabricated with the intaglio surface of the Procera AlICeram coping and randomly divided into five adhesive groups (100 total specimens). Resin composite cylinders were bonded either to the untreated or to the tribochemical silica/silane-coated ceramic surface with either a conventional Bis-GMA resin cement or a resin composite containing an adhesive phosphate monomer (Panavia 21) in combination with their corresponding bonding/silane coupling agents. Panavia was also used without silanization to the untreated ceramic surface (control). Subgroups of 10 specimens were stored in distilled water for either 3 (baseline) or 180 days prior to shear bond strength testing. The 180-day samples were subjected to repeated thermocycling for a total of 12,000 cycles. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison. RESULTS Silica coating significantly increased overall bond strength to Procera AllCeram. RelyX ARC and silica coating revealed the highest bond strength at baseline. Long-term storage and thermocycling significantly decreased overall bond strength. Two groups revealed the significantly highest bond strength values after artificial aging: Panavia 21 with its silane/bonding agent to the original ceramic surface and Panavia 21 to the silica-coated ceramic surface. CONCLUSION The use of a resin composite containing an adhesive phosphate monomer either in combination with a silane coupling/bonding agent or after tribochemical silica/silane coating revealed the highest long-term shear bond strength to the intaglio surface of Procera AllCeram restorations.