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1.
Oxidative stress in the skin: Impact and related protection.
Chen, J, Liu, Y, Zhao, Z, Qiu, J
International journal of cosmetic science. 2021;(5):495-509
Abstract
Skin, our first interface to the external environment, is subjected to oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors such as solar ultraviolet, infrared and visible light, environmental pollution, including ozone and particulate matters, and psychological stress. Excessive reactive species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, exacerbate skin pigmentation and aging, which further lead to skin tone unevenness, pigmentary disorder, skin roughness and wrinkles. Besides these, skin microbiota are also a very important factor ensuring the proper functions of skin. While environmental factors such as UV and pollutants impact skin microbiota compositions, skin dysbiosis results in various skin conditions. In this review, we summarize the generation of oxidative stress from exogenous and endogenous sources. We further introduce current knowledge on the possible roles of oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and aging, specifically with emphasis on oxidative stress and skin pigmentation. Meanwhile, we summarize the science and rationale of using three well-known antioxidants, namely vitamin C, resveratrol and ferulic acid, in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Finally, we discuss the strategy for preventing oxidative stress-induced skin pigmentation and aging.
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2.
Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review.
Michalak, M, Pierzak, M, Kręcisz, B, Suliga, E
Nutrients. 2021;(1)
Abstract
Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual's overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body, including the skin. The present study draws attention to bioactive substances, i.e., vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with a particular focus on their effects on the condition of the skin. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of bioactive substances on skin parameters such as elasticity, firmness, wrinkles, senile dryness, hydration and color, and to define their role in the process of skin ageing.
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3.
Blue Light and the Skin.
Schütz, R
Current problems in dermatology. 2021;:354-373
Abstract
In photodermatology, UV radiation is the component of the solar system that has attracted the most interest as it represents the greatest risk of skin damage from solar exposure. Efficient protection strategies have therefore been developed to protect skin against powerful solar radiation. Recently, there has been increasing evidence to suggest that less energetic radiation, such as visible light and infrared radiation, might also influence skin physiology. Yet, it remains unclear, regarding risk assessment, whether visible light irradiation induces positive or negative effects in skin and when appropriate protection is needed. This review focuses primarily on blue light as part of the visible spectrum and sets out current mechanistic understanding of the benefits and risks of blue-light exposure to skin. Furthermore, it discusses phototherapies and potential strategies for protecting against detrimental effects of blue light such as hyperpigmentation and premature skin aging.
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4.
Research progress on the potential delaying skin aging effect and mechanism of tea for oral and external use.
Feng, M, Zheng, X, Wan, J, Pan, W, Xie, X, Hu, B, Wang, Y, Wen, H, Cai, S
Food & function. 2021;(7):2814-2828
Abstract
Skin aging is characterized by the gradual loss of elasticity, the formation of wrinkles and various color spots, the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, and the structural changes of the dermis. With the increasingly prominent problems of environmental pollution, social pressure, ozone layer thinning and food safety, skin problems have become more and more complex. The skin can reflect the overall health of the body. Skincare products for external use alone cannot fundamentally solve skin problems; it needs to improve the overall health of the body. Based on the literature review in recent 20 years, this paper systematically reviewed the potential delaying effect of tea and its active ingredients on skin aging by oral and external use. Tea is the second-largest health drink after water. It is rich in tea polyphenols, l-theanine, tea pigments, caffeine, tea saponins, tea polysaccharides and other secondary metabolites. Tea and its active substances have whitening, nourishing, anti-wrinkle, removing spots and other skincare effects. Its mechanism of action is ultraviolet absorption, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of extracellular matrix aging, inhibiting the accumulation of melanin and toxic oxidation products, balancing intestinal and skin microorganisms, and improving mood and sleep, among other effects. At present, tea elements skincare products are deeply loved by consumers. This paper provides a scientific theoretical basis for tea-assisted beauty and the high-end application of tea in skincare products.
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5.
[Topical hormonal treatment in anti-aging of the skin].
Bayerl, C
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete. 2020;(10):786-790
Abstract
Topical hormonal treatment allows anti-aging of the skin when used during and after the menopause without an increase in the blood level of hormones. Natural hormones are only prescribed by medical doctors. In controlled clinical studies versus placebo and application for months, an increase in skin quality parameters, reduction of dryness, increase of glycosaminoglycanes, increase in elastic fibers und increase of collagen precursers and collagen fibers on the mRNA and protein level could be shown, the latter proven by biopsies. Skin with dramatic sun-damage does not respond to this treatment option. Patients with melasma or seborrhoe should not be treated with hormonal topical preparations. Compared to the natural hormones, phytotherapeutics do not bind to hormone receptors in relevant levels. Growth hormones should not be used in anti-aging treatment due to a potential carcinogenic effect.
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6.
Aging-associated alterations in epidermal function and their clinical significance.
Wang, Z, Man, MQ, Li, T, Elias, PM, Mauro, TM
Aging. 2020;(6):5551-5565
Abstract
Chronologically-aged skin displays multiple functional changes in both the dermis and the epidermis. It appears that epidermal dysfunction, compromised permeability homeostasis, reduced stratum corneum hydration and elevated skin surface pH predispose to the development of aging-associated cutaneous and extracutaneous disorders. Improvements in epidermal function have been shown to be an effective alternative therapy in the prevention and treatment of some aging-associated cutaneous disorders, including eczematous dermatitis, pruritus, and xerosis. Recent studies demonstrated that epidermal dysfunction leads to the development of chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, termed 'inflammaging,' which is linked to the development of aging-associated systemic disorders. Thus, correction of epidermal dysfunction could comprise a novel strategy in the prevention and treatment of aging-associated systemic disorders as well. In this review, we summarize aging-associated alterations in epidermal function, their underlying mechanisms, and their clinical significance. Regimens to improve epidermal function in the elderly are also discussed.
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7.
Recent advances in the anti-aging effects of phytoestrogens on collagen, water content, and oxidative stress.
Liu, T, Li, N, Yan, YQ, Liu, Y, Xiong, K, Liu, Y, Xia, QM, Zhang, H, Liu, ZD
Phytotherapy research : PTR. 2020;(3):435-447
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Abstract
Skin undergoes degenerative changes as it ages, which include the loss of elasticity, reductions in the epidermal thickness and collagen content, elastic fiber degeneration, and increased wrinkling and dryness. Skin aging can be significantly delayed by the administration of estrogen. Estrogen deficiency following menopause results in atrophic skin changes and the acceleration of skin aging. Estrogen administration has positive effects on human skin by delaying or preventing skin aging manifestations, but the use of estrogen replacement is a risk factor for breast and uterine cancer. Phytoestrogens are a large family of plant-derived molecules possessing various degrees of estrogen-like activity; they exhibit agonist or antagonist estrogenic properties depending on the tissue. These molecules could be ideal candidates to combat skin aging and other detrimental effects of hypoestrogenism. In this paper, we review the effects of phytoestrogens on human skin and the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens can alleviate the changes due to aging.
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8.
[Aging of skin fibroblasts: genetic and epigenetic factors.].
Gutop, EO, Diatlova, AS, Linkova, NS, Orlova, OA, Trofimova, SV, Khavinson, VK
Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii. 2019;(6):908-914
Abstract
Gerontocosmetology is the rapid developing knowledge area that has a very large applied meaning. Herewith a lot of information about skin aging and geroprotectors for skin rejuvenation hasn't a scientific background. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of skin aging becomes the actual task of molecular gerontology. Skin fibroblasts are the polyfunctional cell population that synthesize a number of biologically active substances and participate in maintaining of extracellular matrix homeostasis, skin hydratation and endocrine and immune function. In the review genetic (accumulation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mistakes) and epigenetic factors of skin fibroblasts aging are described. Role of AP-1, NF-κB, c-jun, CCN1, TGF-β, TNF-α, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and glycation in skin fibroblasts aging are discussed. There are some data about decreasing of skin fibroblasts ability to migration and synthesis of paxillins and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) during aging. Role of hormonal regulation in skin fibroblasts aging are described. Geroprotective action of melatonin to skin fibroblasts are showed. Reviewed molecular-cellular aspects of skin fibroblasts aging can be take into consideration for scientific background of using of cosmetic products for retarding of skin aging rate.
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9.
The Xanthophyll Carotenoid Astaxanthin has Distinct Biological Effects to Prevent the Photoaging of the Skin Even by its Postirradiation Treatment.
Imokawa, G
Photochemistry and photobiology. 2019;(2):490-500
Abstract
Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes significant damage to that tissue. The effects of UV on the skin mainly include acute inflammation (erythema/edema) and abnormal keratinization wherein prostaglandin E2 (produced by cyclooxygenase-2), interleukin-8 and transglutaminase 1 (a major regulatory factor of keratinization) play pivotal roles. Later phases of UV-induced skin reactions include hyperpigmentation, wrinkle formation and carcinogenesis, the former two being associated with the UVB-induced production and/or secretion of endothelin-1, stem cell factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by keratinocytes in the epidermis. Those paracrine factors then stimulate expression of the critical melanogenic enzyme tyrosinase by melanocytes in the epidermis and increase expression of neprilysin, an enzyme that degrades elastin, by fibroblasts in the dermis. This review summarizes the biological effects of the xanthophyll carotenoid astaxanthin, which prevents UV-induced cutaneous inflammation, abnormal keratinization and wrinkling as well as pigmentation of the skin even by its postirradiation treatment.
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10.
Resveratrol as an active ingredient for cosmetic and dermatological applications: a review.
Ratz-Łyko, A, Arct, J
Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology. 2019;(2):84-90
Abstract
Resveratrol is now being increasingly used in cosmetology and dermatology. This polyphenolic phytoalexin present in large amounts in red grapes and berries has a number of scientifically proven health-promoting properties associated with a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, lowering the concentration of low-density lipoprotein, and the ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenases activity. Additionally, it has antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Its popularity in cosmetology and dermatology is primarily associated with proven ability to penetrate the skin barrier and antiaging activity. It has been shown that formulations with resveratrol can stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and contributing to the increase in the concentration of collagen III. Resveratrol has an affinity for the estrogen protein receptors (both ERα and ERβ), thereby contributing to the stimulation of collagen types I and II production. Moreover, resveratrol also has the antioxidant properties, thus can protect cells against oxidative damage associated with the effects of free radicals and UV radiation on the skin by reducing the expression of AP-1 and NF-kB factors and it slows down the process of photoaging of the skin. This study reviews literature on the skin care properties of resveratrol and its dermal bioavailability, metabolism, and dermal safety of application.