-
1.
Sweetness Perception is not Involved in the Regulation of Blood Glucose after Oral Application of Sucrose and Glucose Solutions in Healthy Male Subjects.
Grüneis, V, Schweiger, K, Galassi, C, Karl, CM, Treml, J, Ley, JP, König, J, Krammer, GE, Somoza, V, Lieder, B
Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021;(2):e2000472
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the effect of the sweetness of a sucrose versus an isocaloric glucose solution in dietary concentrations on blood glucose regulation by adjusting the sweetness level using the sweet taste inhibitor lactisole. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 27 healthy males participated in this randomized, crossover study with four treatments: 10% glucose, 10% sucrose, 10% sucrose + 60 ppm lactisole, and 10% glucose + 60 ppm lactisole. Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon levels are measured at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after beverage consumption. Test subjects rated the sucrose solution to be sweeter than the isocaloric glucose solution, whereas no difference in sweetness is reported after addition of lactisole to the sucrose solution. Administration of the less sweet glucose solution versus sucrose led to higher blood glucose levels after 30 min, as reflected by a lower ΔAUC for sucrose (1072 ± 136) than for glucose (1567 ± 231). Application of lactisole leads to no differences in glucose, insulin, or glucagon responses induced by sucrose or glucose. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the structure of the carbohydrate has a stronger impact on the regulation of blood glucose levels than the perceived sweetness.
-
2.
Biological effects of stevia, sucralose and sucrose in citrus-maqui juices on overweight subjects.
Zafrilla, P, Masoodi, H, Cerdá, B, García-Viguera, C, Villaño, D
Food & function. 2021;(18):8535-8543
Abstract
Background: In the last few years there has been emerging interest in substituting added sugars from juices with other sweeteners to make them healthier. But their long-term effects have been poorly evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the addition of stevia, sucralose and sucrose (control) to maqui-citrus beverages on antioxidant and inflammatory status. Methods: a 3-arm parallel, randomized and triple blind clinical trial was performed in overweight subjects (n = 138), who consumed the test beverage (330 mL day-1) for 60 days. The following markers were determined: antioxidant status (ORAC, homocysteine, and oxidized LDL), safety parameters (ALP, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin), lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10). Results: The homocysteine levels significantly increased after consumption of sucralose (27%, p = 0.001) and sucrose (40%, p = 0.006). A significant increase in the IL-10 concentration after consumption of the stevia sweetened beverage, and in ORAC values (21%) in subjects with lower basal antioxidant status were observed. The HDL and total cholesterol levels significantly increased after consumption of sucralose (p = 0.039) and sucrose (p = 0.001), respectively. No changes in triglycerides, LDL or oxidized LDL were observed. Conclusions: Oxidative stress and an inflammatory response were observed after consumption of these sweetened beverages, with the exception of stevia, which produced an anti-inflammatory response. The possible antioxidative effects of this polyphenol-rich beverage may only benefit those individuals with poorer antioxidant status. Many randomized controlled trials at normal levels of consumption using commonly consumed sweeteners are necessary to clarify their roles in health.
-
3.
Lower versus standard sucrose dose for treating hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in therapy with predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) augmented insulin pumps: A randomized crossover trial in Santiago, Chile.
Grassi, B, Onetto, MT, Zapata, Y, Jofré, P, Echeverría, G
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2021;(3):695-701
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recommended hypoglycemia treatment in adults with T1D consists of 15 g of rapid absorption carbohydrates. We aimed to evaluate the response to fewer carbohydrates for treating hypoglycemia in patients with T1D on insulin pumps with predictive suspension technology (PLGS). METHODS T1D patients on insulin pumps with PLGS were randomized to receive 10 or 15 g of sucrose per hypoglycemia for two weeks (S10 and S15 groups, respectively) when capillary blood glucose (BG) was <70 mg/dL, with crossover after two weeks. Evolution of capillary BG, active insulin, and suspension time were assessed. RESULTS 59 hypoglycemic episodes were analyzed, 33 in S10 and 26 in S15. Baseline BG in S10 was 54.3 ± 7.7 mg/dL versus 56.9 ± 8.8 in S15 (p = 0,239). Active insulin, present in 85% of the episodes, and PLGS suspension time were similar between groups. BG at 15 min was 77 mg/dL in S10 and 95 mg/dL in S15 (p = 0.0007). In S10, 21% of the episodes required to repeat the treatment after 15 min compared with none on S15, with a RR of 0,79 (95% CI 0.66, 0.940, p = 0,014) for successfully treating the episode. Sensor glucose was significantly different from BG at the moment of the hypoglycemia and control 15 min after treatment. No severe hypoglycemia and no rebound hyperglycemia occurred in neither group. CONCLUSIONS A hypoglycemia treatment protocol with a lower dose of sucrose might be insufficient despite PLGS technology. Our data suggest that standard doses of sucrose should still be recommended.
-
4.
Assessment of small-intestine permeability in healthy Nigerian children is altered by urinary volume and voiding status.
Afolami, I, Samuel, FO, Mwangi, M, Oderinde, M, Diepeveen-de Bruin, M, Melse-Boonstra, A
PloS one. 2021;(9):e0253436
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to uncover the effect of voided urinary volume on small intestine permeability ratios in healthy children. METHODS We assessed small intestine permeability in 155 apparently healthy children, aged 3-5 years old, without any visible symptoms of disease, in a rural, malaria-endemic setting in Nigeria, using a multi-sugar test solution, comprising lactulose, sucrose, mannitol, and rhamnose. Children were categorized into low urinary volume (LV) and high urinary volume (HV), based on the volume of urine voided per kg body weight per hour. LV children voided less than 25th percentile of the total population, while HV children voided greater than 75th percentile of the total population. Urinary volume excreted over a 90-minute period after administration of the test solution was measured, and differences in sugar ratios were compared between children with high (HV) and low urinary volumes (LV), as well as between children who voided (VC) or who were not able to void (NVC) before administration of the test solution. RESULTS Urinary mannitol and rhamnose recovery were 44% (p = 0.002) and 77% (p<0.001) higher in HV children compared to LV children respectively, while urinary lactulose recovery was 34% lower (p = 0.071). There was no difference in urinary sucrose recovery between groups (p = 0.74). Lactulose-mannitol ratio, lactulose-rhamnose ratio and sucrose-rhamnose ratio were all significantly higher in children in the LV group compared to children in the HV group (p<0.001). In a multiple regression analysis, urinary volume and voiding status combined, explained 13%, 23% and 7% of the variation observed in lactulose-mannitol, lactulose-rhamnose and sucrose-rhamnose ratios, respectively. CONCLUSION Sugar permeability ratios vary significantly with total urinary volume in multi-sugar small-intestine permeability tests. Voiding status before sugar administration appears to influence lactulose recovery, lactulose-rhamnose and sucrose-rhamnose ratios independently of total urinary volume. Evidence from this study suggests the need to take urinary volume into account when conducting multi-sugar small-intestine permeability tests.
-
5.
The acute influence of sucrose consumption with and without vitamin C co-ingestion on microvascular reactivity in healthy young adults.
West, S, Smail, O, Bond, B
Microvascular research. 2019;:103906
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are a major source of dietary sugar and a public health concern. Glucose consumption acutely influences microvascular reactivity in healthy adults, possibly via oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to observe the acute influence of a more relevant dose of sucrose on microvascular reactivity, and to identify whether this response is influenced by the amount of vitamin C typically contained in SSB. METHODS Thirteen ostensibly healthy adults (8 male, 5 female) performed three 1-day trials in a randomized order; the consumption of 300 ml water (control; CON), or 300 ml water with 50 g sucrose (SUGAR) or 50 g sucrose with 160 mg of vitamin C (VITC). Near infrared spectroscopy was used to determine peak reactive hyperaemia (PRH), the rate of desaturation (Slope 1) and reperfusion (Slope 2), and the total area under the reperfusion curve versus time (TRH) following 5 min of forearm cuff occlusion before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after test drink consumption. RESULTS SUGAR and VITC significantly increased the total area under the curve versus time for plasma glucose (P < 0.05 for both). No changes in microvascular reactivity were observed between trials, although VITC increased Slope 1 compared to both SUGAR and CON 30 and 60 min post drink (P < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSION The consumption of a sugar load representative of commercially available SSB did not influence microvascular reactivity. The co-ingestion of Vitamin C also failed to influence microvascular reactivity, but did increase the rate of oxygen extraction.
-
6.
Exposure to a slightly sweet lipid-based nutrient supplement during early life does not increase the level of sweet taste most preferred among 4- to 6-year-old Ghanaian children: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
Okronipa, H, Arimond, M, Arnold, CD, Young, RR, Adu-Afarwuah, S, Tamakloe, SM, Ocansey, ME, Kumordzie, SM, Oaks, BM, Mennella, JA, et al
The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2019;(4):1224-1232
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of feeding a slightly sweet nutrient supplement early in life on later sweet taste preference is unknown. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the level of sucrose most preferred by 4-6-y-old children exposed to a slightly sweet lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) early in life would not be higher than that of children never exposed to LNS. DESIGN We followed up children born to women (n = 1,320) who participated in a randomized trial in Ghana. In one group, LNS was provided to women on a daily basis during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum and to their infants from age 6 to 18 mo (LNS group). The control groups received daily iron and folic acid or multiple micronutrients during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum, with no infant supplementation (non-LNS group). At age 4-6 y, we randomly selected a subsample of children (n = 775) to assess the concentration of sucrose most preferred using the Monell 2-series, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking procedure. We compared LNS with non-LNS group differences using a noninferiority margin of 5% weight/volume (wt/vol). RESULTS Of the 624 children tested, most (61%) provided reliable responses. Among all children, the mean ± SD sucrose solution most preferred (% wt/vol) was 14.6 ± 8.6 (LNS group 14.9 ± 8.7; non-LNS group 14.2 ± 8.4). However, among children with reliable responses, it was 17.0 ± 10.2 (LNS group 17.5 ± 10.4; non-LNS group 16.5 ± 10.0). The upper level of the 95% CI of the difference between groups did not exceed the noninferiority margin in either the full sample or those with reliable responses, indicating that the LNS group did not have a higher sweet preference than the non-LNS group. CONCLUSION Exposure to a slightly sweet nutrient supplement early in life did not increase the level of sweet taste most preferred during childhood. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866.
-
7.
Effects of sucroferric oxyhydroxide and sevelamer carbonate on chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder parameters in dialysis patients.
Ketteler, M, Sprague, SM, Covic, AC, Rastogi, A, Spinowitz, B, Rakov, V, Walpen, S, Floege, J
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2019;(7):1163-1170
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of hyperphosphataemia is the primary goal of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) management. This post hoc analysis of a randomized, Phase 3 study evaluated the effects of 1-year treatment with the phosphate binders sucroferric oxyhydroxide or sevelamer carbonate ('sevelamer') on CKD-MBD indices among dialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia. METHODS After a 2- to 4-week washout from previous phosphate binders, 1059 patients were randomized 2:1 to sucroferric oxyhydroxide 1.0-3.0 g/day (n = 710) or sevelamer 2.4-14.4 g/day (n = 349) for up to 24 weeks. Eligible patients enrolled in a 28-week extension. This post hoc analysis was performed for patients who completed ≥1 year of continuous treatment (n = 549). As the treatment groups showed similar CKD-MBD outcomes, the data were pooled for this analysis. RESULTS Phosphate-binder therapy was associated with significant and sustained 30% reductions in serum phosphorus (P < 0.001). Median intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) also significantly decreased (P < 0.001) by 64% over 1 year. Intact parathyroid hormone decreased significantly after 24 weeks (P < 0.001), but levels returned to near baseline values by Week 52; minimal changes in serum calcium were observed. Of the bone resorption markers evaluated, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) decreased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas CTx increased transiently but returned to baseline levels by Week 52. The bone formation markers bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin both increased over 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 1 year of sucroferric oxyhydroxide or sevelamer treatment significantly reduced serum FGF-23, which has been associated with clinical benefit in patients with CKD. The trend towards increased bone formation marker levels indicates a beneficial effect on bone metabolism.
-
8.
A randomized, crossover study of the acute effects of acarbose and gastric distension, alone and combined, on postprandial blood pressure in healthy older adults.
Pham, H, Trahair, L, Phillips, L, Rayner, C, Horowitz, M, Jones, K
BMC geriatrics. 2019;(1):241
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial hypotension (PPH) occurs frequently in the elderly and patients with type 2 diabetes, and lacks a satisfactory treatment. Gastric distension and the α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, may attenuate the postprandial fall in blood pressure (BP) by complementary mechanisms. We aimed to determine whether gastric distension and acarbose have additive effects to attenuate the fall in BP induced by oral sucrose. METHODS Ten healthy older adults (74.0 ± 1.4 yr) had measurements of BP and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow for 120 min after receiving either (i) the 'study drink' of 100 g sucrose in 300 mL of water (control treatment), (ii) a 300 mL water 'preload' 15 min before the 'study drink' (distension treatment), (iii) 100 mg acarbose dissolved in the 'study drink' (acarbose treatment) or (iv) a 300 ml water 'preload' 15 min before 100 mg acarbose dissolved in the 'study drink' (acarbose and distension treatment). RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC)0-120min for mean arterial pressure (MAP) was greater (P = 0.005) and the maximum fall in MAP was less (P = 0.006) during treatments with acarbose. Gastric distension did not affect the MAP-AUC0-120min response to acarbose (P = 0.44) and there was no effect of gastric distension alone (P = 0.68). Both acarbose treatments attenuated the rise in SMA blood flow (P = 0.003), whereas gastric distension had no effect. CONCLUSIONS In healthy older adults, acarbose (100 mg), but not gastric distension, attenuates the fall in BP and rise in SMA blood flow after oral sucrose. The observations support the use of acarbose, but not gastric distension, to attenuate a postprandial fall in BP. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered at ( ACTRN12618000152224 ) on February 02nd 2018.
-
9.
Sucrose but Not Nitrate Ingestion Reduces Strenuous Cycling-induced Intestinal Injury.
Jonvik, KL, Lenaerts, K, Smeets, JSJ, Kolkman, JJ, VAN Loon, LJC, Verdijk, LB
Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2019;(3):436-444
Abstract
PURPOSE Strenuous exercise induces intestinal injury, which is likely related to splanchnic hypoperfusion and may be associated with gastrointestinal complaints commonly reported during certain exercise modalities. Increasing circulating nitric oxide (NO) levels or inducing postprandial hyperemia may improve splanchnic perfusion, thereby attenuating intestinal injury during exercise. Therefore, we investigated the effects of both dietary nitrate ingestion and sucrose ingestion on splanchnic perfusion and intestinal injury induced by prolonged strenuous cycling. METHODS In a randomized crossover manner, 16 well-trained male athletes (age, 28 ± 7 yr; Wmax, 5.0 ± 0.3 W·kg) cycled 60 min at 70% Wmax after acute ingestion of sodium nitrate (NIT; 800 mg NO3), sucrose (SUC; 40 g), or a water placebo (PLA). Splanchnic perfusion was assessed by determining the gap between gastric and arterial pCO2 (gapg-apCO2) using gastric air tonometry. Plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) concentrations, reflecting enterocyte damage, were assessed every 20 min during and up to 60 min of postexercise recovery. RESULTS The exercise protocol resulted in splanchnic hypoperfusion, as gapg-apCO2 levels increased during exercise (P < 0.001), with no differences between treatments (P = 0.47). Although plasma I-FABP concentrations increased during exercise and postexercise recovery for all treatments (P < 0.0001), the increase was different between treatments (P < 0.0001). Post hoc comparisons showed an attenuated increase in I-FABP in SUC versus PLA (P = 0.020). In accordance, I-FABP area under the curve (AUC0-120) was significantly lower in SUC versus PLA (57,270 ± 77,425 vs 114,907 ± 91,527 pg·mL per 120 min, P = 0.002). No differences were observed between NIT and PLA (P = 0.99). CONCLUSION Sucrose but not nitrate ingestion lowers intestinal injury evoked during prolonged strenuous cycling. These results suggest that sucrose ingestion, but not nitrate, prevents hypoperfusion-induced gastrointestinal damage during exercise and, as such, may help to lower exercise-related gastrointestinal complaints.
-
10.
Randomised crossover trial showed that using breast milk or sucrose provided the same analgesic effect in preterm infants of at least 28 weeks.
Collados-Gómez, L, Ferrera-Camacho, P, Fernandez-Serrano, E, Camacho-Vicente, V, Flores-Herrero, C, García-Pozo, AM, Jiménez-García, R
Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2018;(3):436-441
Abstract
AIM: Repeated, ongoing exposure to pain influences the growth, cognitive and motor functions, behaviour, personality and neurodevelopment of preterm infants. We compared the analgesic effects of expressed breast milk (EBM) and 24% oral sucrose on preterm neonates during venipuncture. METHODS This multicentre randomised, noninferiority, crossover trial focused on five neonatal university units in Madrid, Spain, from October 2013 to October 2014. It comprised 66 preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks and randomly split into two groups. They received either EBM or sucrose two minutes before venepuncture, together with nonnutritive sucking and swaddling, then the opposite procedure at a later point. Pain was measured with the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) and crying was also measured. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The PIPP scores were seven (4-9) with breast milk and six (4-8.25) with sucrose (p = 0.28). The 11 infants born at under 28 weeks of age showed higher median scores of nine (9-14) for breast milk and four (4-7) for sucrose (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION EBM and 24% sucrose had the same analgesic effect during venipuncture in most of the preterm neonates, but sucrose worked better in extremely preterm infants.