1.
Utility of Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis: Case Report and Literature Review.
Pinnegar, HP, Sánchez-Montalvá, A, Barios Profitos, M, Bosch-Nicolau, P, Salvador, F, Molina, I
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2021;(3):934-944
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Abstract
The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is complicated and often unsuspected. Little is known of the usefulness of nuclear imaging in VL. Our objective was to describe findings seen in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in cases of VL. We retrospectively reviewed VL cases diagnosed at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital from May 2012 to May 2018 and selected those that had an FDG-PET/CT performed. Information on procedures and details of the FDG-PET/CT features and follow-up were collected. We then systematically reviewed the literature on VL and FDG-PET/CT. Four of 43 patients diagnosed with VL had an FDG-PET/CT performed. All four patients presented diffuse splenic uptake of FDG-PET/CT. Adenopathy was not always present, and bone marrow uptake was found in two patients. A posttreatment FDG-PET/CT in one patient revealed normalization of initial findings. In the literature review, 43 of 50 cases presented similar splenic uptake in the PET/CT, being described as different patterns: "increased metabolism," "homogeneous," "diffuse," "diffuse and multifocal," "nodular," "patchy and granular," "subcortical," and "compatible with lymphoma." Other frequent findings were bone marrow uptake and adenopathies. We, therefore, conclude that FDG-PET/CT could become a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of VL and that VL should be taken into account in patients with fever of unknown origin with enhanced splenic uptake in FDG-PET/CT. Differential diagnosis in these cases should be made with splenic primary lymphoma, virus infections, chemotherapy, and colony-stimulating factor therapy. Further structured studies with more cases are needed to define its diagnostic and prognostic value.
2.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Retinoblastoma in the Emergency Department.
Giacalone, M, Mastrangelo, G, Parri, N
Pediatric emergency care. 2018;(8):599-601
Abstract
An 18-month-old girl presented to the emergency department with the chief complaint of squinting. The right eye demonstrated esotropia, heterochromia, and anisocoria. Ocular point-of-care ultrasound facilitated the rapid diagnosis of retinoblastoma, which was confirmed by computed tomography scan and orbital magnetic resonance imaging.
3.
A pediatric malignant paraganglioma and brief review of the literature.
Zi, J, Ma, C, Xu, C, Bai, Y
Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine. 2016;(3):281-284
Abstract
UNLABELLED A 10 years old boy presented to our hospital complaining of belly pain. He had a retroperitoneal mass diagnosed by ultrasound 3 days before. During that time he was found to have slight hypertension. Computed tomography (CT) showed a left retroperitoneal mass with edge enhancement and central necrosis indicating pheochromocytoma (PCC). Vanillymandelic acid (VMA) in the 24 hours urine sample was not elevated. Pheochromocytoma was suspected given his hypertension and the ultrasound and CT findings. Fluorine-18- fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) showed intense uptake in the left adrenal area (SUVmax 32.9) with a central 18F-FDG uptake defect. Subsequently, left adrenalectomy was successfully performed. Histological examination showed that the tumor was a paraganglioma (PGL) with low-grade malignancy. CONCLUSION Fluorine-18-FDG PET is a highly sensitive method to detect PGL, but could not make a differential diagnosis between PGL and PCC although high uptake of 18F-FDG may indicate malignancy. As our case clearly demonstrates, rare cases of PCC or PGL should be considered in the setting of secondary hypertension.
4.
[Ultrasound for abdominal lymphadenopathy].
Dietrich, CF, Hocke, M, Jenssen, C
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 2013;(19):1001-18
Abstract
This CME-review is about the clinical importance of the abdominal lymph node diagnostic with special attention to various ultrasound techniques. This includes innovative techniques like contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography. The clinical importance of ultrasound in relation to cross sectional imaging will be the target of the article as well as anatomic- topographic aspects. The article deals as well with endosonographic techniques because of the upmost importance of the technique for diagnosing mediastinal and abdominal lymphnode swellings. In conclusion of the article different clinical scenarios and clinical algorithms are presented to help the reader to diagnose abdominal lymphadenopathy correctly in an efficient way.
5.
[Guidelines for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)--update 2008].
Correas, JM, Tranquart, F, Claudon, M
Journal de radiologie. 2009;(1 Pt 2):123-38; quiz 139-40
Abstract
These new recommendations are following the text published in 2004 by the group of experts of the EFSUMB that was augmented to reevaluate the indications of ultrasound contrast agents. Initially limited to focal liver lesions, new recommendations include the study of renal and pancreatic diseases, as well as vesico-ureteric reflux, blunt abdominal trauma and trans-cranial Doppler. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound improves the diagnosis of renal pseudo-tumors but does not allow characterization of solid focal masses. Its major contribution includes characterization of complex cystic masses, diagnosis of peripheral vascular disorders such as infarction and cortical necrosis, and radiofrequency ablation follow-up. It is also useful for the study of pancreatic masses visible at ultrasound in order to improve lesion visualization and characterization (adenocarcinoma and neuro-endocrine tumors), as well as for vascular staging.