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Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Strength in the Population Who Are Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.
Rubio-Arias, JÁ, Martínez-Aranda, LM, Andreu-Caravaca, L, Sanz, G, Benito, PJ, Ramos-Campo, DJ
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2021;(12):2442-2453
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk variables, and lower limb strength in participants who are overweight/obese. DATA SOURCES A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception through to January 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies analyzing the effect of WBVT on body composition variables, metabolic profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and lower limb strength in the population who are overweight/obese, with interventions of a minimum length of 2 weeks were included. DATA EXTRACTION After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies involving 884 participants who were obese/overweight (experimental group: 543; weight=79.9 kg; body mass index (BMI) =31.3 kg/m2, obesity class I according to World Health Organization) were used in the quantitative analysis. The sex of the participants involved in the studies were as follows: (1) 17 studies included only female participants; (2) 1 study included only boys, and (3) 5 studies included both sexes. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression methods were used to calculate the mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD; ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) as well as to analyze the effects of pre-post intervention WBVT and differences from control groups. DATA SYNTHESIS WBVT led to a significant decrease in fat mass (-1.07 kg, not clinically significant). In addition, WBVT reduced systolic blood pressure (-7.01 mmHg, clinically significant), diastolic blood pressure (-1.83 mmHg), and heart rate (-2.23 bpm), as well as increased the lower extremity strength (SMD=0.63; range, 0.40-0.86). On the other hand, WBVT did not modify the weight, BMI, muscle mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose. CONCLUSIONS WBVT could be an effective training modality to reduce blood pressure (clinically relevant) and resting heart rate. In addition, WBVT led to improved lower limb strength. However, these findings were not consistent with significant improvements on other variables associated with metabolic syndrome (body composition, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose).
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The impact of the mechanical whole-body vibration experienced during military land transit on the physical attributes underpinning dismounted combatant physical performance: A randomised controlled trial.
Debenedictis, TA, Billing, D, Milanese, S, Furnell, A, Tomkinson, G, Thewlis, D
Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2021;(4):380-385
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to explore the impact of the mechanical WBV experienced during simulated military land transit on the physical attributes that underpin tasks performed by dismounted combatants. DESIGN This study used a parallel group randomised control trial design. METHODS Sixty participants were randomly assigned to one of four, 2-h laboratory-based simulations (restricted posture, sealed road, cross country or a control condition). A smaller sample of 16 Australian Defence Force infantry personnel served as a validation group and were exposed to the same conditions. Neither the restricted posture nor the control conditions were exposed to any WBV, but the former were secured in place using the built-in seat harness. Prior to, and following the assigned condition, participants performed a series of battlefield relevant physical performance tests including; drop jump, 20-m sprint, reactive agility, arm-hand steadiness, isometric mid-thigh pull, and sit-and-reach. RESULTS Medium decreases in the drop jump were observed for both the sealed road (effect size [ES]=0.53) and cross-country (ES=0.97) simulation conditions indicating a decrease in performance of the jump phase. A large decrease in 20-m sprint performance was observed in both the sealed road (ES=1.37) and cross-country (ES=0.88) exposure conditions. Additionally, a large decrease in 20-m sprint performance was observed for the restricted posture (ES=1.02) exposure condition. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that exposure to WBV experienced during motorised land transit has a negative influence on aspects of lower body explosive strength.
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Effects of Acute Whole-Body Vibration Practice on Maximal Fat Oxidation in Adult Obese Males: A Pilot Study.
Emerenziani, GP, Ferrari, D, Fittipaldi, S, Bimonte, VM, Marocco, C, Greco, EA, Perroni, F, Migliaccio, S, Lenzi, A, Baldari, C, et al
Obesity facts. 2020;(2):117-129
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been established as a useful method to improve physical fitness in obese individuals. However, the effects of WBV exercise on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) have not been examined in obese subjects yet. METHOD MFO was eval-uated during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill in 12 adult obese males (BMI = 34.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2) after three different warm-up conditions: static half squat plus WBV (HSV), static half squat without WBV (HSWV), and rest (REST). Cortisol levels were evaluated before and after the warm-up, and 1 min (T1), 10 min (T10), and 30 min (T30) of the recovery phase. RESULTS MFO was significantly higher in HSV (p = 0.013; 569.4 ± 117.9 mg/min) and HSWV (p = 0.033; 563.8 ± 142.9 mg/min) than REST (445.5 ± 117.9 mg/min). Cortisol concentrations at T1 were significantly higher in HSV (p = 0.023) and HSWV (p = 0.015) than REST. Moreover, cortisol concentrations were significantly lower at T30 than T1 in HSWV (p = 0.04). No differences were found between T30 and T1 in HSV. CONCLUSIONS Active warm-up increases MFO; however, vibration stimulus during half squatting does not increase MFO during a CPET in obese subjects. The lack of significant differences of cortisol concentrations in HSV during the recovery phase might suggest a long-term effect of WBV on the endocrine system.
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Elastic-band resistance exercise or vibration treatment in combination with hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplement for management of sarcopenia in older people: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial in Hong Kong.
Chow, SK, Chim, YN, Cheng, KY, Ho, CY, Ho, WT, Cheng, KC, Wong, RM, Cheung, WH
BMJ open. 2020;(6):e034921
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterised by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with risks of adverse outcomes and becomes more prevalent due to ageing population. Elastic-band exercise, vibration treatment and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation were previously proven to have positive effects on the control of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of elastic-band exercise or vibration treatment with HMB supplementation in managing sarcopenia. Our findings will provide a safe and efficient strategy to mitigate the progression of sarcopenia in older people and contribute to higher quality of life as well as improved long-term health outcomes of elderly people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this single-blinded, randomised controlled trial (RCT), subjects will be screened for sarcopenia based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definition and 144 sarcopenic subjects aged 65 or above will be recruited. This RCT will have three groups evaluated at two time points to measure changes over 3 months-the control and the groups with combined HMB supplement and elastic-band resistance exercise or vibration treatment. Changes in muscle strength in lower extremity will be the primary outcome. Muscle strength in the upper extremity, gait speed, muscle mass (based on AWGS definition), functional performance in terms of balancing ability and time-up-and-go test and quality of life will be taken as secondary outcomes. In addition, each participant's daily activity will be monitored by a wrist-worn activity tracker. Repeated-measures analysis of variance will be performed to compare within-subject changes between control and treatment groups at two time points of pretreatments and post-treatments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The procedures have been approved by the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Management Office (Ref. CREC 2018.602) and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences and workshops. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04028206.
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An exploratory study of vibration therapy on muscle function in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Cochrane, DJ, Cochrane, F, Roake, JA
Journal of vascular surgery. 2020;(4):1340-1345
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether a single session of vibration therapy (VT) would improve muscular and functional performance in individuals with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS In a randomized, balanced cross-over design fourteen PAD participants with intermittent claudication (mean ± standard deviation; age, 73.9 ± 4.6 years; height, 172.6 ± 68.4 cm; body mass, 85.2 ± 15.7 kg) performed VT and control that involved repeated chair rises, timed up-and-go test, and 6-minute walk test. Each intervention was separated by at least 2 days. Wearable VT devices were positioned on the right and left lower limbs that were turned on during functional testing but were turned off for the control intervention. RESULTS VT significantly improved (P < .05) repeated chair rises and timed up-and-go test compared with control with a small effect size of 0.46 and 0.45, respectively. Similarly, a significant (P < .01) and meaningful change in 6-minute walk test was noted in VT compared with control. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study suggest that VT may enhance functional strength, mobility, and walking performance by extending the onset of claudication and increasing walking distance in PAD with intermittent claudication. However, further study is required to confirm and extend these preliminary findings and determine the potential mechanisms of action in VT.
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Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Power Profile and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
ElDeeb, AM, Abdel-Aziem, AA
Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics. 2020;(4):384-393
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on muscle work and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur in postmenopausal women. METHODS Forty-three postmenopausal women with low BMD were randomly assigned to WBV and control groups. Both groups received calcium and vitamin D supplementations once daily, while the WBV group additionally received WBV exercise (twice/wk) for 24 successive weeks. Qualisys gait analysis system was used to measure hip power generation by hip extensors (H1S) and flexors (H3S), hip power absorption by hip flexors (H2S), knee power absorption by quadriceps during loading response (K1S) and preswing (K3S), knee power absorption by hamstring (K4S), knee power generation by quadriceps (K2S), ankle power absorption by dorsiflexors (A1S) and plantar flexors (A2S), and ankle power generation by plantar flexors (A3S). Also, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur before and after the intervention. RESULTS There were significant increases (P < .05) in the hip muscle work (H1S, H2S, and H3S), knee muscle work (K1S, K2S, K3S, and K4S), ankle muscle work (A1S, A2S, and A3S) during gait, and BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur of the WBV group. However, there were no significant changes (P > .05) in the control group. The posttreatment values of the hip, knee, and ankle muscle work and BMD of the WBV group were significantly (P < .05) higher than the posttreatment values of the control group. CONCLUSION Whole-body vibration training improved the leg muscle work and lumbar and femoral BMD in postmenopausal women with low BMD.
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Does Whole-Body Vibration Treatment Make Children's Bones Stronger?
Swolin-Eide, D, Magnusson, P
Current osteoporosis reports. 2020;(5):471-479
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the last 10 years of literature regarding the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone in children, and if WBV results in increased bone acquisition. RECENT FINDINGS WBV intervention appears to be a safe intervention with beneficial effects on bone mass in some diseases and syndromes, but there is still low evidence for WBV in clinical practice. The positive effects on muscle strength, balance, and walking speed are more conclusive. One of the takeaways of this review is that well-trained individuals may not further improve bone mass with WBV; thus, interventions are more beneficial in pediatric individuals with Down syndrome or severe motor disabilities with low bone mass and reduced activity levels. WBV appears to be a safe non-pharmacological anabolic approach to increase bone mass in some pediatric populations; however, longer (> 6 months) and larger prospective studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy of WBV on bone health in young individuals.
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Local high-frequency vibration therapy following eccentric exercises reduces muscle soreness perception and posture alterations in elite athletes.
Iodice, P, Ripari, P, Pezzulo, G
European journal of applied physiology. 2019;(2):539-549
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise-induced muscle damage produces painful sensations (delayed onset of muscle soreness, DOMS). DOMS causes compensatory postural adaptations, which in turn affect athletes' walking and running gait biomechanics. It is still debated whether the postural changes are due to impaired proprioception or pain perception. To disambiguate between these two contrasting hypotheses, we designed a study that tested post-exercise postural adjustments in two groups of athletes: a group who was administered a vibration therapy (VT), to attenuate pain perception, and a control group. METHODS Thirty professional futsal players were tested on five different occasions: baseline, eccentric exercises (EE) session day, 24, 48 and 72 h after EE. Vibration therapy (120 Hz) was applied on legs muscles for 15 min in the experimental group, while no vibration was applied in the control group. The measurements included: isokinetic evaluation, stabilometric test, perceived soreness evaluation and serum levels of creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. RESULTS 48 h after EE, the control group showed changes in biomechanical parameters (antero-rotations of pelvis, p < 0.05). A substantial alteration in the hip kinematics was found, associated to a reduced contractile force (p < 0.01) and soreness perception. On the contrary, the VT group did not show any change in posture and pain perception. High-intensity VT decreases EE effects on muscle strength and DOMS. CONCLUSIONS DOMS significantly changes athletes' posture; but postural changes disappear following a VT therapy that decreases pain perception. It is concluded that soreness perception is the main cause of postural changes and that its effects can be counteracted using VT therapy.
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Vibration Versus Ice to Reduce Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Injection Pain-A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Chorney, SR, Villwock, JA, Suryadevara, AC
Ear, nose, & throat journal. 2019;(6):351-355
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Botulinum toxin is the most commonly performed facial cosmetic procedure and pain at the injection site is a frequent patient concern. While various topical interventions have been described for analgesia, there have not been any studies comparing different techniques. We compared the use of a vibratory stimulus, ice pack application, and no intervention on injection site pain for cosmetic botulinum toxin injection. A prospective-, randomized-, individual-controlled study was conducted using a visual analog scale to assess pain. Patients received bilateral glabellar injections, with randomization into unilateral vibration, unilateral ice application, or vibration and ice on either side. We analyzed 88 injections on 22 patients. Mean visual analog scores were 26.5 (standard deviation [SD]: 23.1) among injections with vibration, 24.4 (SD: 22.9) with ice, and 29.4 (SD: 27.1) without analgesia. There was no significant difference in pain scale scores with the use of vibration, ice, or no topical anesthesia (P = .737). Further, pain scale scores did not differ significantly between medial and lateral injections nor did patients have a reduction in pain on either side of the forehead regardless of which method was used. While there may be a role for topical interventions to improve injection site analgesia, we maintain that consistently proper technique plays a greater role in improving patient tolerance. Future studies will continue to investigate the role of topical anesthesia in cosmetic facial injections and address patient-specific factors contributing to discomfort.
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Does vibration benefit delayed-onset muscle soreness?: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Lu, X, Wang, Y, Lu, J, You, Y, Zhang, L, Zhu, D, Yao, F
The Journal of international medical research. 2019;(1):3-18
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a symptom of exercise-induced muscle injury that is commonly encountered in athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Vibration is being increasingly used to prevent or treat DOMS. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of vibration in patients with DOMS. METHOD We searched nine databases for randomized controlled trials of vibration in DOMS, from the earliest date available to 30 May 2018. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were set as outcome measures. RESULTS The review included 10 identified studies with 258 participants. The meta-analysis indicated that vibration significantly improved the VAS at 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise, and significantly improved CK levels at 24 and 48 hours, but not at 72 hours. CONCLUSION Vibration is a beneficial and useful form of physiotherapy for alleviating DOMS. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role and mechanism of vibration in DOMS.