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1.
Impact of myo-inositol treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in assisted reproductive technologies.
Merviel, P, James, P, Bouée, S, Le Guillou, M, Rince, C, Nachtergaele, C, Kerlan, V
Reproductive health. 2021;(1):13
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is marked in 30 to 40% by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Myo-inositol (MI) increases insulin sensitivity, decreases hyperandrogenism and improves the menstrual cycle. Its effect during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has been studied by many authors. We conducted a review of the literature on the impact of MI administration in PCOS women in assisted reproductive technologies. Myo-inositol is effective in normalizing ovarian function, improving oocyte and embryo quality in PCOS, however further evaluations by large multicentre randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in ART.
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What dose of folic acid to use with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis?
Bramley, D
Drug and therapeutics bulletin. 2021;(7):103-106
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3.
The Role of Inositol in Thyroid Physiology and in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Management.
Benvenga, S, Nordio, M, Laganà, AS, Unfer, V
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2021;:662582
Abstract
Myo-Inositol (MYO) is the most abundant stereoisomer of inositols' family, cyclic polyols with 6 hydroxyl groups. Myo-Inositol has a relevant role in thyroid function and autoimmune diseases, as a precursor of phosphoinositides that takes part in the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signal transduction pathway. Among phosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PIP2) is the precursor of inositol triphosphates (IP3), second messenger of several hormones including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). As a second messenger in the phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent inositol phosphate Ca2+/DAG pathway, Myo-Inositol is essential to produce H2O2 required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Consequently, depletion of Myo-Inositol or impaired inositol dependent TSH signaling pathway may predispose to the development of some thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism. Many clinical studies have shown that after treatment with Myo-Inositol plus Selenium (MYO+Se), TSH levels significantly decreased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism with or without autoimmune thyroiditis. The TSH reduction was accompanied by a decline of antithyroid autoantibodies. Moreover, Myo-Inositol supplementation seemed to be involved also in the management of thyroidal benign nodules, with a possible effect in the size reduction. This review proposes a summary of the role of inositol, especially of Myo-Inositol, in the thyroidal physiology and its contribution on the management of some thyroid diseases.
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Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers: A Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Asbaghi, O, Ashtary-Larky, D, Bagheri, R, Moosavian, SP, Nazarian, B, Afrisham, R, Kelishadi, MR, Wong, A, Dutheil, F, Suzuki, K, et al
Nutrients. 2021;(7)
Abstract
It has been theorized that folic acid supplementation improves inflammation. However, its proven effects on inflammatory markers are unclear as clinical studies on this topic have produced inconsistent results. To bridge this knowledge gap, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation on serum concentrations of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods: To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search up to April 2021 was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. A fix or random-effects model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Twelve RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that serum concentrations of CRP (WMD: -0.59 mg/L, 95% CI -0.85 to -0.33, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced following folic acid supplementation compared to placebo, but did not affect serum concentrations of IL-6 (WMD: -0.12, 95% CI -0.95 to 0.72 pg/mL, p = 0.780) or TNF-α (WMD: -0.18, 95% CI -0.86 to 0.49 pg/mL, p = 0.594). The dose-response analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between an elevated dosage of folic acid supplementation and lower CRP concentrations (p = 0.002). Conclusions: We found that folic acid supplementation may improve inflammation by attenuating serum concentrations of CRP but without significant effects on IL-6 and TNF-α. Future RCTs including a larger number of participants and more diverse populations are needed to confirm and expand our findings.
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A pilot randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of the topical application of pyridoxine on palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) induced by capecitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD).
Charalambous, A, Tsitsi, T, Astras, G, Paikousis, L, Filippou, E
European journal of oncology nursing : the official journal of European Oncology Nursing Society. 2021;:101866
Abstract
PURPOSE Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE) is a dose-limiting adverse event that commonly occurs with capecitabine and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin-PLD treatment. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of a Pyridoxine (B6) treatment protocol in the management of PPE in patients receiving treatment with capecitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. METHODS This was a pilot randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients receiving capecitabine or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin with PPE grade 1 or above were randomly allocated to receive pyridoxine or placebo. The PPE grade, Quality of Life-QoL, Pain and patients' activities of daily living were assessed. RESULTS Thirty patients were assigned in the Control and 24 in the Intervention group. No statistically significant difference was found in the PPE grade between baseline and week 6 in the 2 groups (p = 0.263). The control group exhibited worst PPE-associated QoL and higher PAIN levels between baseline and week 6. Respectively, the intervention group showed improved PPE-associated QoL and lower PAIN levels. At week 6, the ECOG status in the Intervention group was improved compared to the control (p = 0.018). Patients in the Intervention group experienced better Global Health Status (p = 0.012), Physical (p = 0.003), Emotional (p = 0.008), and Social function (p < 0.001), lower Fatigue (p = 0.001) and Pain (p = 0.006) compared to Control. CONCLUSION Topical pyridoxine was not shown to have an effect on the treatment of PPE. However, results demonstrated its effectiveness on health related QoL, QoL-associated with PPE and pain levels. Due to the high attrition rate further validation of these results in a larger population is warranted. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02625415.
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Effects of Supplementation with Folic Acid and Its Combinations with Other Nutrients on Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.
Puga, AM, Ruperto, M, Samaniego-Vaesken, ML, Montero-Bravo, A, Partearroyo, T, Varela-Moreiras, G
Nutrients. 2021;(9)
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, among other cognitive dysfunctions, has been recognized as a major public health problem. Folic acid is a well-known essential nutrient whose deficiency has been linked to neurocognitive dysfunctions, owing to hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, including cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and vascular dementia. However, to date, there is certain controversy about the efficacy of vitamin supplementation in patients with these pathologies. Therefore, we have reviewed the available dietary intervention studies based on folic acid, either alone or in combination with different vitamins or nutrients into the progression of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive impairment, highlighting the cognition and biochemical markers employed for the evaluation of the disease progression. Undeniably, the compiled information supports the potential benefits of vitamin supplementation in these pathologies, especially relevant to the aging process and quality of life, although more research is urgently needed to confirm these positive findings.
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The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Vitamin B Status and Mental Health.
Al Mansoori, A, Shakoor, H, Ali, HI, Feehan, J, Al Dhaheri, AS, Cheikh Ismail, L, Bosevski, M, Apostolopoulos, V, Stojanovska, L
Nutrients. 2021;(4)
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor that ensures optimal growth, biochemical performance, improved mood and mental functioning. Lack of nutrients, notably vitamin B, has an impact on human health and wellbeing. The United Arab Emirates is facing a serious problem of micronutrient deficiencies because of the growing trend for bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. People undergoing bariatric surgery are at high risk of developing neurological, cognitive, and mental disabilities and cardiovascular disease due to deficiency in vitamin B. Vitamin B is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, including γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Deficiency of vitamin B increases the risk of depression, anxiety, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, vitamin B deficiency can disrupt the methylation of homocysteine, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. Elevated homocysteine levels are detrimental to human health. Vitamin B deficiency also suppresses immune function, increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates NF-κB. Considering the important functions of vitamin B and the severe consequences associated with its deficiency following bariatric surgery, proper dietary intervention and administration of adequate supplements should be considered to prevent negative clinical outcomes.
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8.
Cognitive Outcomes at 18 Months: Findings from the Early Life Interventions for Childhood Growth and Development in Tanzania (ELICIT) Trial.
Parpia, T, Svensen, E, Elwood, S, Wanjuhi, A, Blacy, L, Bayo, E, Houpt, E, Rogawski McQuade, E, DeBoer, M, Platts-Mills, J, et al
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2021;(2):441-445
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Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies and enteric infections negatively impact child growth and development. We enrolled children shortly after birth in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial interventional trial in Haydom, Tanzania, to assess nicotinamide and/or antimicrobials (azithromycin and nitazoxanide) effect on length at 18 months of age. Cognitive score at 18 months using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT), which includes gross motor, fine motor, language, and social assessments, was a secondary outcome. Here, we present the MDAT results of 1,032 children. There was no effect of nicotinamide (change in development-for-age Z score [DAZ] -0.08; 95% CI: -0.16, 0) or antimicrobials (change in DAZ 0.04; 95% CI: -0.06, 0.13) on overall MDAT score. The interventions had no effect on cognitive outcomes in subgroups defined by gender, socioeconomic status, birthweight, and birth season or on MDAT subscores. Further analyses are needed to identify targetable risk factors for impaired cognitive development in these settings.
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Gut microbiota-derived vitamins - underrated powers of a multipotent ally in psychiatric health and disease.
Rudzki, L, Stone, TW, Maes, M, Misiak, B, Samochowiec, J, Szulc, A
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. 2021;:110240
Abstract
Despite the well-established roles of B-vitamins and their deficiencies in health and disease, there is growing evidence indicating a key role of those nutrients in functions of the central nervous system and in psychopathology. Clinical data indicate the substantial role of B-vitamins in various psychiatric disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and dementia, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. As enzymatic cofactors, B-vitamins are involved in many physiological processes such as the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, metabolism of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway, homocysteine metabolism, synthesis and metabolism of various neurotransmitters and neurohormones including serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline, acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, D-serine, glycine, histamine and melatonin. Those vitamins are highly involved in brain energetic metabolism and respiration at the cellular level. They have a broad range of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, some of those vitamins are involved in the regulation of permeability of the intestinal and blood-brain barriers. Despite the fact that a substantial amount of the above vitamins is acquired from various dietary sources, deficiencies are not uncommon, and it is estimated that micronutrient deficiencies affect about two billion people worldwide. The majority of gut-resident microbes and the broad range of bacteria available in fermented food, express genetic machinery enabling the synthesis and metabolism of B-vitamins and, consequently, intestinal microbiota and fermented food rich in probiotic bacteria are essential sources of B-vitamins for humans. All in all, there is growing evidence that intestinal bacteria-derived vitamins play a significant role in physiology and that dysregulation of the "microbiota-vitamins frontier" is related to various disorders. In this review, we will discuss the role of vitamins in mental health and explore the perspectives and potential of how gut microbiota-derived vitamins could contribute to mental health and psychiatric treatment.
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Vitamin B for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy - A systematic review.
Khalil, H, Ang, CD, Khalil, V
Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. 2021;(5):102213
Abstract
UNLABELLED This systematic review assesses the effectiveness and safety of vitamin B supplements for the management of neuropathy in people with diabetes. METHODS Several databases including, the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL Plus were searched from their inception until May 2020. RESULTS Five studies were eligible to be included in this review with a total of 348 participants. Overall, the evidence is too uncertain to draw conclusions on the effects of B vitamins in people with DPN. CONCLUSION It is uncertain whether vitamin B supplements change pain intensity or impairment in the short or long term in people with DPN.