1.
Osteocyte Mechanobiology.
Uda, Y, Azab, E, Sun, N, Shi, C, Pajevic, PD
Current osteoporosis reports. 2017;(4):318-325
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the past decades, osteocytes have emerged as mechano-sensors of bone and master regulators of bone homeostasis. This article summarizes latest research and progress made in understanding osteocyte mechanobiology and critically reviews tools currently available to study these cells. RECENT FINDINGS Whereas increased mechanical forces promote bone formation, decrease loading is always associated with bone loss and skeletal fragility. Recent studies identified cilia, integrins, calcium channels, and G-protein coupled receptors as important sensors of mechanical forces and Ca2+ and cAMP signaling as key effectors. Among transcripts regulated by mechanical forces, sclerostin and RANKL have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for disuse-induced bone loss. In this paper, we review the mechanisms by which osteocytes perceive and transduce mechanical cues and the models available to study mechano-transduction. Future directions of the field are also discussed.
2.
Bone Response of Loaded Periodontal Ligament.
Dutra, EH, Nanda, R, Yadav, S
Current osteoporosis reports. 2016;(6):280-283
Abstract
The tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex acts symbiotically to dissipate the mechanical loads incurred during mastication and/or orthodontic tooth movement. The periodontal ligament functions both in the tension and compression. At the molecular and celleular levels, the loads in the periodontal ligament trigger mechanobiological events in the alveolar bone, which leads to bone modeling and remodeling. The current review focuses on the bone response to mechanical loading of the periodontal ligament on the tension and pressure sides. Understanding the bone response has major implications for dentistry, including a better understanding of the different types of orthodontic tooth movement.
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Benign acute childhood myositis as a cause of failure to weight bear.
King, BA
Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2003;(5):378-80