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Effectiveness of wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Ferguson, T, Olds, T, Curtis, R, Blake, H, Crozier, AJ, Dankiw, K, Dumuid, D, Kasai, D, O'Connor, E, Virgara, R, et al
The Lancet. Digital health. 2022;4(8):e615-e626
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A sedentary or physically inactive lifestyle significantly contributes to non-communicable diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke. Wearable activity trackers are low-cost solutions that encourage users to engage in physical activity. This umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigated the benefits of wearable activity trackers in improving physical activity levels and their beneficial effects on physiological and psychosocial outcomes. This umbrella review included thirty-nine systematic reviews, of which twenty-five systematic reviews included meta-analyses of the benefits of wearable trackers on physical activity levels. Results of this umbrella review suggest that wearable trackers increased physical activity levels, especially daily steps count and energy expenditure. The physiological outcomes included improvements in BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated haemoglobin, waist circumference, and body weight. There was also a slight improvement in the quality of life of the participants who used wearable activity trackers. Further robust studies are required to evaluate the effects of wearable trackers on the psychosocial outcomes in people with mental illness. However, healthcare professionals can use the results of this study to understand the impact of wearable trackers on physiological and psychosocial effects in a non-clinical population.
Abstract
Wearable activity trackers offer an appealing, low-cost tool to address physical inactivity. This systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (umbrella review) aimed to examine the effectiveness of activity trackers for improving physical activity and related physiological and psychosocial outcomes in clinical and non-clinical populations. Seven databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid Emcare, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from database inception to April 8, 2021. Systematic reviews of primary studies using activity trackers as interventions and reporting physical activity, physiological, or psychosocial outcomes were eligible for inclusion. In total, 39 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified, reporting results from 163 992 participants spanning all age groups, from both healthy and clinical populations. Taken together, the meta-analyses suggested activity trackers improved physical activity (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0·3-0·6), body composition (SMD 0·7-2·0), and fitness (SMD 0·3), equating to approximately 1800 extra steps per day, 40 min per day more walking, and reductions of approximately 1 kg in bodyweight. Effects for other physiological (blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycosylated haemoglobin) and psychosocial (quality of life and pain) outcomes were typically small and often non-significant. Activity trackers appear to be effective at increasing physical activity in a variety of age groups and clinical and non-clinical populations. The benefit is clinically important and is sustained over time. Based on the studies evaluated, there is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of activity trackers.
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Effect of Peanut Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis.
Parilli-Moser, I, Hurtado-Barroso, S, Guasch-Ferré, M, Lamuela-Raventós, RM
Frontiers in nutrition. 2022;9:853378
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Peanuts contain bioactive substances that are beneficial for cardiovascular health. This three-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled trial (ARISTOTLE) and meta-analysis evaluated the beneficial effects of high-oleic peanuts and peanut butter in improving cardiometabolic health. Participants in the randomised controlled trial consumed 25 g of skin-roasted peanuts or 32 g of peanut butter, or a control butter made with peanut oil without fibre and polyphenols for six months. The skin-roasted peanuts group showed a reduction in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. The meta-analysis was highly heterogeneous in participant ethnicity, health status, peanut intervention dosage and duration. The dosage of peanuts, peanut butter and high oleic peanuts used was between 25 and 200 g/day. The participants were healthy, with metabolic syndrome (MeS), or at risk of MeS. There was a significant increase in body weight among those with or at risk of MeS. In addition, healthy participants showed reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. Healthcare professionals can use the results of this research to understand the beneficial impact of peanut consumption on the lipid profile. However, further robust studies are required due to the high heterogeneity of the included studies in the meta-analysis.
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although numerous studies have reported the protective effect of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk, evidence for the role of peanuts in maintaining cardiometabolic health is inconclusive. Presented here are the results from the ARISTOTLE study, a parallel randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of regular peanut intake on anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements. The 63 healthy subjects that completed the study consumed their habitual diet plus either: a) 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), b) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of peanut butter (PB, n = 23) or c) two tablespoons (32 g)/day of a control butter based on peanut oil (CB, n = 19) for 6 months. In addition, a meta-analysis of clinical trials, including data from the ARISTOTLE study, was carried out to update the evidence for the effects of consuming peanuts, including high-oleic peanuts, and peanut butter on healthy subjects and those at high cardiometabolic risk. After a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases up to July 2021, 11 studies were found to meet the eligibility criteria. In the ARISTOTLE study, lower total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios were found in the SRP group compared to the CB group (p = 0.019 and p = 0.008). The meta-analysis of clinical trials revealed that peanut consumption is associated with a decrease in triglycerides (MD: -0.13; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.07; p < 0.0001) and that healthy consumers had lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios compared to the control groups (MD: -0.40; 95% CI, -0.71 to -0.09; p = 0.01 and MD: -0.19; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.01; p = 0.03, respectively). However, individuals at high cardiometabolic risk experienced an increase in body weight after the peanut interventions (MD: 0.97; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.41; p < 0.0001), although not in body fat or body mass index. According to the dose-response analyses, body weight increased slightly with higher doses of peanuts. In conclusion, a regular consumption of peanuts seems to modulate lipid metabolism, reducing triglyceride blood levels. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://osf.io/jx34y/, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MK35Y.
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Effects of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Limbachia, J, Ajmeri, M, Keating, BJ, de Souza, RJ, Anand, SS
BMJ open. 2022;12(12):e059666
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The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated mortality risk is high in the South Asian population in western countries. Regular physical activity and a healthy diet may modify the risk factors of CVD, such as abdominal fat, high cholesterol, and blood sugar irregularities. This systematic review and meta-analysis included thirty-five randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of diet, physical activity interventions or a combination of diet and physical activity interventions on CVD risk factors and compared it against usual care. Combining diet and physical activity interventions reduced CVD risk factors such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, weight, waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Dietary interventions reduced diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BMI, weight and FPG. Physical activity modifications improved diastolic and systolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Healthcare professionals can use the study results to understand how tailored diet and physical activity modifications improve the CVD risk factors in South Asians. However, further robust studies are required as most of these evidences were of moderate quality and lacked clinical significance.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden among South Asians is high. Lifestyle interventions have been effective in the primary prevention of CVD, but this has not been replicated, through a synthesis of randomised trials, in South Asians. METHODS Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL), two clinical trial registries and references of included articles were searched through June 2022 (featuring ≥90% South Asian participants). Random-effects pairwise meta-analyses were performed, and heterogeneity was quantified with the I2 statistic. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to report on the quality of evidence (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration (PROSPERO). RESULTS Thirty-five studies were included. Twelve tested diet and physical activity interventions; 18 tested diet alone; and 5 tested physical activity alone. All reported effects of the intervention(s) on at least one established risk factor for CVD, including blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) or triglycerides). No trials reported clinical CVD. There is moderate-quality evidence that diet and physical activity interventions improve SBP (mean difference (MD) -2.72 mm Hg, 95% CI -4.11 to -1.33) and DBP (MD -1.53 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.57 to -0.48); high-quality to moderate-quality evidence that diet-only interventions improve DBP (MD -2.05 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.93 to -1.16) and blood lipids (triglycerides (MD -0.10 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.14 to -0.06) and LDLc (MD -0.19 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.06)); and moderate-quality evidence that physical activity-only interventions improve SBP (MD -9.7 mm Hg, 95% CI -11.05 to -8.35), DBP (MD -7.29 mm Hg, 95% CI -8.42 to -6.16) and HDLc (MD 0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11) compared with usual care. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle interventions improve blood pressure and blood lipid profiles in adult South Asians at risk of CVD. Tailored interventions should be used to modify cardiovascular risk factors in this at-risk group. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018090419.
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Effects of the Treatment with Flavonoids on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Humans: A Systematic Review Focusing on Mechanisms of Action.
Gouveia, HJCB, Urquiza-Martínez, MV, Manhães-de-Castro, R, Costa-de-Santana, BJR, Villarreal, JP, Mercado-Camargo, R, Torner, L, de Souza Aquino, J, Toscano, AE, Guzmán-Quevedo, O
International journal of molecular sciences. 2022;23(15)
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Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterised by at least three of the five risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, elevated fasting glucose, blood pressure and triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). There is a strong link between metabolic syndrome and the development of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. Research suggests that increasing consumption of flavonoid-rich foods can be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Flavonoids are bioactive compounds that possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-mutagenic, and enzymatic properties. This systematic review of 29 randomised controlled trials evaluated the beneficial effects of long-term flavonoid supplementation in reducing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. This review included a variety of flavonoid supplements, such as anthocyanin, hesperidin, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), genistein, theaflavin, catechin, and eriocitrin. Additionally, this research investigated the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of flavonoid supplementation. Results showed that flavonoid supplementation for at least three weeks improved metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, with hesperidin showing the greatest improvements in metabolic parameters. Healthcare professionals can use these findings to understand the potential benefits of long-term flavonoid supplementation in improving metabolic parameters. However, more robust studies are needed to determine the therapeutic dosages of different flavonoids.
Abstract
Diets high in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, have been used to mitigate metabolic syndrome (MetS). Polyphenols are a large group of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, classified into two main classes: non-flavonoids and flavonoids. Flavonoids are distributed in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine, and cocoa. Studies have already demonstrated the benefits of flavonoids on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as cancer cells. The present review summarizes the results of clinical studies that evaluated the effects of flavonoids on the components of the MetS and associated complications when offered as supplements over the long term. The results show that flavonoids can significantly modulate several metabolic parameters, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Only theaflavin and catechin were unable to affect metabolic parameters. Moreover, only body weight and body mass index were unaltered. Thus, the evidence presented in this systematic review offers bases in support of a flavonoid supplementation, held for at least 3 weeks, as a strategy to improve several metabolic parameters and, consequently, reduce the risk of diseases associated with MetS. This fact becomes stronger due to the rare side effects reported with flavonoids.
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and NAFLD in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: The FLIPAN Study.
Montemayor, S, Mascaró, CM, Ugarriza, L, Casares, M, Llompart, I, Abete, I, Zulet, MÁ, Martínez, JA, Tur, JA, Bouzas, C
Nutrients. 2022;14(15)
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by fat deposition that is not linked to excessive alcohol intake. This condition is often linked to other health issues such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and they share common diagnostic biomarkers. An unhealthy diet and lifestyle are also linked to the progression of NAFLD. Mediterranean diet is a predominantly plant-based diet that may have an association with lower risk and reduced severity of NAFLD. This multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial included one hundred and thirty-six NAFLD patients to analyse the effect of Mediterranean diet adherence on NAFLD in patients with metabolic syndrome. The NAFLD patients followed a personalised Mediterranean diet and physical activity interventions for six months. Individuals with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity interventions showed improvements in body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and intrahepatic fat content after six months of intervention. Healthcare professionals can use the results of this study to understand the benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity interventions in reducing NAFLD severity and metabolic irregularities. However, due to the small sample size of this study, further robust studies are required to evaluate the benefits of different dietary strategies, the therapeutic value of different food items and the intervention duration required to achieve improvements in NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
Abstract
Unhealthy diet is an important factor in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies showed the benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on Metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases, which usually have a pathophysiological relationship with NAFLD. To assess the effect of adherence to a MedDiet on NAFLD in MetS patients after lifestyle intervention, this multicentre (Mallorca and Navarra, Spain) prospective randomized trial, with personalized nutritional intervention based on a customized MedDiet, coupled with physical activity promotion was performed to prevent, and reverse NAFLD among patients with MetS. The current analysis included 138 patients aged 40 to 60 years old, Body Mass Index (BMI) 27-40 kg/m2, diagnosed with NAFLD using MRI, and MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Adherence to Mediterranean diet by means of a 17-item validated questionnaire, anthropometrics, physical activity, blood pressure, blood biochemical parameters, and intrahepatic fat contents (IFC) were measured. The independent variable used was changes in MedDiet adherence, categorized in tertiles after 6 months follow-up. Subjects with high adherence to the MedDiet showed higher decreases in BMI, body weight, WC, SBP, DBP, and IFC. An association between improvement in adherence to the MedDiet and amelioration of IFC after 6-month follow-up was observed. High adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better status of MetS features, and better values of IFC.
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Effect of 12-Week Interventions Involving Nordic Walking Exercise and a Modified Diet on the Anthropometric Parameters and Blood Lipid Profiles in Overweight and Obese Ex-Coal Miners.
Sadowska-Krępa, E, Gdańska, A, Rozpara, M, Pilch, W, Přidalová, M, Bańkowski, S
Obesity facts. 2020;13(2):201-212
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Upon retirement, underground coal miners who previously expended a lot of energy in their work, do not change their eating habits, resulting in weight gain. Increasing moderate intensity physical activity and adjusting the diet may combat this. However, introduction at the same time may be difficult and demotivating for some individuals. This 12-week intervention study aimed to assess the effect of Nordic walking (NW) or a reduced calorie diet on 30 overweight and obese coal miners. The results showed that both low calorie diet and NW improved body measurements, however low-calorie diet was more successful. NW did improve indicators of lower cardiovascular disease risk compared to low-calorie diet, but this was not sustained. It was concluded that although both treatments were effective in improving body measurements and fats, calorie restriction was more effective. This study could be used by physicians to recommend a calorie restricted diet to overweight and obese individuals; however, the combined effect of diet and exercise should not be underestimated, and exercise should be considered after successful introduction of a modified diet.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity after retirement are likely to be caused by unhealthy eating habits and the energy intake exceeding the energy expenditure. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the effects of two 12-week interventions involving, respectively, either regular physical activity or a modified lower-calorie diet on the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese retired miners with lipid disorders. DESIGN The study participants (n = 30, aged 58.7 ± 4.1 years, body height 174.8 ± 7.3 cm, body weight 96.6 ± 13.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups: the Nordic walking group (NW), which exercised with intensity from 60 to 70% of participants' maximal heart rates for 1 h 3 times a week, and the modified diet group (MD). Modification of the diet consisted of reducing the daily energy intake by 30%, increasing the dietary content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, and reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids. The variables assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks were: anthropometric parameters (body weight, fat mass content [FM], fat percentage [BF], BMI, waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and blood lipid indicators (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high density lip-oprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). RESULTS The body weight of the participants in the NW was lower at week 12 by an average of 5 kg, BMI by 6%, FB by 19%, FM by 15%, WC by 8%, HC by 6%, and WHR by 3%. In the MD, the respective decreases were 8 kg and 8, 25, 20, 6, 2, and 7%. In the MD, the postintervention concentrations of TC and TG were within the reference range. CONCLUSION Both 12-week interventions improved the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles of retired heavy manual workers, with the improvements being more pronounced in the dieting group.
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Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies.
Jayedi, A, Soltani, S, Zargar, MS, Khan, TA, Shab-Bidar, S
BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2020;370:m3324
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Body mass index (BMI) may not be an adequate tool to measure obesity, as it does not describe where fat is located on the body. Distribution of fat around the middle may be related to the risk of death and may be a more accurate measure of obesity. This systematic review of 1950 studies aimed to assess the association of fat around the middle with death. The results showed that every 10cm increase in waist circumference was related to an 11% increased risk of death by any cause. Women with a waist circumference greater than 80cm and 90cm in men had a higher risk of death by any cause. Fat carried around the middle increased the risk of death by any cause, however larger thigh and hip circumferences lowered the risk. This was regardless of BMI. It was concluded that measures of centrally located fat, alongside BMI, could be used to determine the risk of death. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand the importance of not solely relying on BMI and measuring where fat is distributed on the body may be an additional measure to determine risk of premature death.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association of indices of central obesity, including waist circumference, hip circumference, thigh circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, with the risk of all cause mortality in the general population, and to clarify the shape of the dose-response relations. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Scopus from inception to July 2019, and the reference lists of all related articles and reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies reporting the risk estimates of all cause mortality across at least three categories of indices of central fatness. Studies that reported continuous estimation of the associations were also included. DATA SYNTHESIS A random effects dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to assess linear trend estimations. A one stage linear mixed effects meta-analysis was used for estimating dose-response curves. RESULTS Of 98 745 studies screened, 1950 full texts were fully reviewed for eligibility. The final analyses consisted of 72 prospective cohort studies with 2 528 297 participants. The summary hazard ratios were as follows: waist circumference (10 cm, 3.94 inch increase): 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.13, I2=88%, n=50); hip circumference (10 cm, 3.94 inch increase): 0.90 (0.81 to 0.99, I2=95%, n=9); thigh circumference (5 cm, 1.97 inch increase): 0.82 (0.75 to 0.89, I2=54%, n=3); waist-to-hip ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.20 (1.15 to 1.25, I2=90%, n=31); waist-to-height ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.24 (1.12 to 1.36, I2=94%, n=11); waist-to-thigh ratio (0.1 unit increase): 1.21 (1.03 to 1.39, I2=97%, n=2); body adiposity index (10% increase): 1.17 (1.00 to 1.33, I2=75%, n=4); and A body shape index (0.005 unit increase): 1.15 (1.10 to 1.20, I2=87%, n=9). Positive associations persisted after accounting for body mass index. A nearly J shaped association was found between waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and the risk of all cause mortality in men and women. A positive monotonic association was observed for waist-to-hip ratio and A body shape index. The association was U shaped for body adiposity index. CONCLUSIONS Indices of central fatness including waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-thigh ratio, body adiposity index, and A body shape index, independent of overall adiposity, were positively and significantly associated with a higher all cause mortality risk. Larger hip circumference and thigh circumference were associated with a lower risk. The results suggest that measures of central adiposity could be used with body mass index as a supplementary approach to determine the risk of premature death.
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Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial.
Fayh, APT, Borges, K, Cunha, GS, Krause, M, Rocha, R, de Bittencourt, PIH, Moreira, JCF, Friedman, R, da Silva Rossato, J, Fernandes, JR, et al
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2018;15:18
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An elevated blood glucose level is one of the key metabolic abnormalities associated with complications in type 2 diabetes. Literature shows that individuals with type 2 diabetes have higher inflammatory levels than those with normal blood glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to examine if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation can reduce the inflammatory response associated with high-intensity exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals. This was a randomised, double-blind controlled study, which recruited 30 type 2 diabetic men and women aged between 30 and 60 years. Results indicate that after 8 weeks, omega-3 PUFA supplementation diminished the concentration of the total reactive antioxidant potential and triglyceride levels after high intensity exercise, however did not reduce the inflammatory response.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes and oxidative stress has been previously reported. Exercise represents a useful non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients, but high intensity exercise can induce a transient inflammatory state and increase oxidative stress. Nutritional strategies that may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress induced by acute exercise are necessary. The aim of this study was to examine if n-3 PUFA supplementation intervention can attenuate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress associated with high intensity exercise in this population. As a primary outcome, lipoperoxidation measurements (TBARS and F2-isoprostanes) were selected. METHODS Thirty T2DM patients, without chronic complications, were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo (gelatin capsules) or n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid). Blood samples were collected fasting before and after 8 weeks supplementation. In the beginning and at the end of protocol, an acute exercise was performed (treadmill), and new blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise for measurements of oxidative stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS After the supplementation period, a decrease in triglycerides levels was observed only in n-3 PUFA supplementation group (mean difference and 95% CI of 0.002 (0.000-0.004), p = 0.005). Supplementation also significantly reduced TRAP levels after exercise (mean difference and 95% CI to 9641 (- 20,068-39,351) for - 33,884 (- 56,976 - -10,793), p = 0.004, Cohen's d effect size = 1.12), but no significant difference was observed in n-3 PUFA supplementation group in lipoperoxidation parameters as TBARS (mean difference and 95% CI to - 3.8 (- 10-2.4) for - 2.9 (- 1.6-7.4) or F2-isoprostanes (mean difference and 95% CI -0.05 (- 0.19-0.10) for - 0.02 (- 0.19-0.16), p > 0.05 for both. CONCLUSION PUFA n-3 supplementation reduced triglycerides as well as TRAP levels after exercise, without a significant effect on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number of NCT03182712.
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Body mass index, abdominal fatness, weight gain and the risk of psoriasis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Aune, D, Snekvik, I, Schlesinger, S, Norat, T, Riboli, E, Vatten, LJ
European journal of epidemiology. 2018;33(12):1163-1178
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Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterised by red, itchy, scaly and flaky skin. Research has shown an association between adiposity and inflammation cytokine release triggered by adipose tissue and increased body mass index and psoriasis. In this meta-analysis, seven prospective studies were included, and the association between BMI, abdominal fat, and psoriasis was examined. According to this meta-analysis, the relative risk of psoriasis increases by 19% for every 5-unit increase in BMI, 24% for a 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 37% for a 0.1-unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, and 11% for a 5 kg weight gain. The risk of psoriasis was lower for people with a BMI below 20, and it was significantly higher for those with a BMI between 22.5-24. Psoriasis risk was positively associated with waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight gain. Psoriasis risk escalates by 2-4 times with an increase in each measure of adiposity. Several potential strategies to reduce the risk of psoriasis are identified in this meta-analysis, including weight loss, dietary factors, and physical activity. To evaluate their effectiveness and develop appropriate strategies, further robust studies are needed. Healthcare professionals can use the results of this study to develop potential therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of psoriasis by understanding the mechanisms and factors associated with the disease.
Abstract
Greater body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of psoriasis in case-control and cross-sectional studies, however, the evidence from prospective studies has been limited. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of different adiposity measures and the risk of psoriasis to provide a more robust summary of the evidence based on data from prospective studies. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies up to August 8th 2017. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. The summary relative risk (RR) for a 5 unit increment in BMI was 1.19 (95% CI 1.10-1.28, I2 = 83%, n = 7). The association appeared to be stronger at higher compared to lower levels of BMI, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, and the lowest risk was observed at a BMI around 20. The summary RR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.17-1.31, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.72, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.37 (95% CI 1.23-1.53, I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.93, n = 3) per 0.1 unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio, and 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16, I2 = 47%, pheterogeneity = 0.15, n = 3) per 5 kg of weight gain. Adiposity as measured by BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and weight gain is associated with increased risk of psoriasis.
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Hormonal and psychobehavioral predictors of weight loss in response to a short-term weight reduction program in obese women.
Hainer, V, Hlavatá, K, Gojová, M, Kunešová, M, Wagenknecht, M, Kopský, V, Pařízková, J, Hill, M, Nedvídková, J
Physiological research. 2008;57 Suppl 1:S17-S27
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Among the many factors that influence weight loss and weight management, metabolic and hormonal parameters have been increasingly explored as important predictors. The aim of this study was to reveal potential psycho-behavioural and hormonal factors as predictors of weight loss. A group of 67 overweight women were enrolled in a 3-week weight management programme in which food intake and physical activity were under strict control. This study indicated that a short-term weight management programme induced favourable changes in anthropometric, psycho-behavioural and hormonal indices. Changes in several hormone concentrations were significantly associated with the reduction of anthropometric parameters, however psycho-behavioural factors did not contribute to weight change in the programme.
Abstract
Among the factors influencing weight loss and maintenance, psychobehavioral, nutritional, metabolic, hormonal and hereditary predictors play an important role. Psychobehavioral factors influence adherence to lifestyle changes and thus weight loss maintenance. The outcome of short-term weight reduction treatment is mainly affected by changes in energy and nutrient intake and physical activity and thus the impact of hormones can possibly be obscured. In order to reveal hormonal determinants of weight loss, a 4-week in-patient comprehensive weight reduction program was introduced in which food intake and physical activity were under the strict control. Women (n = 67, BMI: 32.4+/-4.4 kg; age: 48.7+/-12.2 years) who exhibited stable weight on a 7 MJ/day diet during the first week of weight management were given a hypocaloric diet yielding daily energy deficit 2.5 MJ over the subsequent 3-week period. This treatment resulted in a mean weight loss of 3.80+/-1.64 kg. Correlation analysis revealed that baseline concentrations of several hormones were significantly associated either with a higher (free triiodothyronine, C-peptide, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide) or with a lower (insulin-like growth factor-I, cortisol, adiponectin, neuropeptide Y) reduction of anthropometric parameters in response to weight management. In a backward stepwise regression model age, initial BMI together with baseline levels of growth hormone, peptide YY, neuropetide Y and C-reactive protein predicted 49.8 % of the variability in weight loss. Psychobehavioral factors (items of the Eating Inventory, Beck Depression score) did not contribute to weight change induced by a well-controlled short-term weight reduction program.