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Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
Noah, L, Dye, L, Bois De Fer, B, Mazur, A, Pickering, G, Pouteau, E
Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress. 2021;37(5):1000-1009
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Stress and low magnesemia are shown to be linked by previous research evidence. Additionally, Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) has been shown to have stress-relieving and neuromodulating effects. This 1:1 randomised, investigator-blinded, parallel-group trial compared the effectiveness of magnesium alone and a combination of magnesium and vitamin B6 in participants with moderate to severe stress on mental and physical health. Participants consumed 300 mg magnesium lactate dihydrate daily with 30 mg Vitamin B6 or 300 mg magnesium lactate dihydrate daily for 8 weeks. Treatment with magnesium with or without vitamin B6 improved depression and anxiety, specifically a significant improvement observed after week four of the intervention. Quality of life improvements were sustained over 8 weeks among participants with magnesemia. Combined supplementation of magnesium and vitamin B6 increased the perceived capacity for physical activity in participants. Further robust research is needed to evaluate the combined effects of vitamin B6 and magnesium on stress-related mental health in people with magnesemia. However, healthcare professionals can use the results of this study to better understand magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation's positive effects on stress-related mental health.
Abstract
Magnesium status and vitamin B6 intake have been linked to mental health and/or quality of life (QoL). In an 8-week Phase IV randomised controlled study in individuals with low magnesemia and severe/extremely severe stress but who were otherwise healthy, greater stress reduction was achieved with magnesium combined with vitamin B6 than with magnesium alone. We present a previously unreported secondary analysis of the effect of magnesium, with and without vitamin B6, on depression, anxiety, and QoL. Adults with Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) stress subscale score >18 were randomised 1:1 to magnesium + vitamin B6 combination (Magne B6® ; daily dose 300 and 30 mg, respectively) or magnesium alone (Magnespasmyl® ; daily dose 300 mg). Outcomes included changes from baseline in DASS-42 depression and anxiety scores, and QoL (Short Form-36 Health Survey). DASS-42 anxiety and depression scores significantly improved from baseline to week 8 with both treatments, particularly during the first 4 weeks. Improvement in QoL continued over 8 weeks. Participants' perceived capacity for physical activity in daily life showed greater improvement with magnesium + vitamin B6 than magnesium alone (Week 4). In conclusion, magnesium supplementation, with or without vitamin B6, could provide a meaningful clinical benefit in daily life for individuals with stress and low magnesemia.
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Effects of Probiotic NVP-1704 on Mental Health and Sleep in Healthy Adults: An 8-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Lee, HJ, Hong, JK, Kim, JK, Kim, DH, Jang, SW, Han, SW, Yoon, IY
Nutrients. 2021;13(8)
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Dietary changes directly alter the gut microbiome composition. A diversified gut microbiome may have therapeutic implications for mental health, and specific strains of probiotics have shown the potential to treat depression and anxiety. Several preclinical trials have found the probiotic mixture NVP-1704 to alleviate depression and anxiety in mice through modulating the gut-brain-microbiome axis. The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was to examine the efficacy and safety of NVP-1704 for the management of depression, anxiety and insomnia in healthy adults. A total of 156 healthy adults with subclinical depression, anxiety and insomnia were randomised to receive either NVP-1704 or placebo for eight weeks. Participants completed various questionnaires and biomarkers of stress and inflammation were assessed. After eight weeks, this study found that NVP-1704 to be a safe and well-tolerated probiotic with beneficial effects on depression, sleep quality, inflammation and gut microbiome composition in healthy adults. Based on this study, the authors conclude the therapeutic effects of NVP-1704 previously found in preclinical mice trials may now be translated to clinical trials. The authors suggest large, highly controlled, longitudinal human studies be conducted in the future to further confirm the benefits of probiotics on mental health and sleep.
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is closely linked to mental health and sleep. We aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of probiotic NVP-1704, a mixture of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98, in improving stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, along with the measurement of some blood biomarkers. A total of 156 healthy adults with subclinical symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were retrospectively registered and randomly assigned to receive either NVP-1704 (n = 78) or a placebo (n = 78) for eight weeks. Participants completed the Stress Response Inventory, Beck's Depression and Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and Insomnia Severity Index at baseline, at four and eight weeks of treatment. Pre- and post-treatment blood tests for biomarkers were conducted. After intervention, gut microbiota composition was quantified by pyrosequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The NVP-1704 group had a more significant reduction in depressive symptoms at four and eight weeks of treatment, and anxiety symptoms at four weeks compared to the placebo group. Those receiving NVP-1704 also experienced an improvement in sleep quality. NVP-1704 treatment led to a decrease in serum interleukin-6 levels. Furthermore, NVP-1704 increased Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillacea, whereas it decreased Enterobacteriaceae in the gut microbiota composition. Our findings suggest that probiotic NVP-1704 could be beneficial for mental health and sleep.
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Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia promotes later health resilience during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Cheng, P, Casement, MD, Kalmbach, DA, Castelan, AC, Drake, CL
Sleep. 2021;44(4)
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The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had health consequences that extend well-beyond symptoms of the virus. Mental health problems are already being observed in the context of COVID-19 and have also been documented during previous epidemics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior digital cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) versus sleep education on health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a follow up study based on a previous randomised controlled trial [SPREAD trial] for which the enrolled participants were divided into two groups: 358 in the dCBT-I condition and 300 in the control condition. For this follow-up study 208 participants (dCBT-I: n = 102; control: n = 106) out of the total 658 participants were enrolled. Results indicate that 67.3% of the sample reported direct impact from the coronavirus, and 26.4% reported living alone during the shelter-in-place orders. Furthermore, those who received dCBT-I reported less insomnia, stress, depression, and better global physical health compared to those who received a sleep education control. Authors conclude that future research should examine the mechanisms by which insomnia treatment may enhance resilience, and the role of dCBT-I in mitigating the adverse health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Stressful life events contribute to insomnia, psychosocial functioning, and illness. Though individuals with a history of insomnia may be especially vulnerable during stressful life events, risk may be mitigated by prior intervention. This study evaluated the effect of prior digital cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) versus sleep education on health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS COVID impact, insomnia, general- and COVID-related stress, depression, and global health were assessed in April 2020 in adults with a history of insomnia who completed a randomized controlled trial of dCBT-I (n = 102) versus sleep education control (n = 106) in 2016-2017. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of intervention conditions on subsequent stress and health during the pandemic. RESULTS Insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with COVID-19 related disruptions, and those who previously received dCBT-I reported less insomnia symptoms, less general stress and COVID-related cognitive intrusions, less depression, and better global health than those who received sleep education. Moreover, the odds for resurgent insomnia was 51% lower in the dCBT-I versus control condition. Similarly, odds of moderate to severe depression during COVID-19 was 57% lower in the dCBT-I condition. CONCLUSIONS Those who received dCBT-I had increased health resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults with a history of insomnia and ongoing mild to moderate mental health symptoms. These data provide evidence that dCBT-I is a powerful tool to promote mental and physical health during stressors, including the COVID-19 pandemic. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02988375.
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The Impact of Nutrients on Mental Health and Well-Being: Insights From the Literature.
Muscaritoli, M
Frontiers in nutrition. 2021;8:656290
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Diet, mental health, and well-being are linked through several biological pathways. In addition to a healthy diet, nutrient supplements may be of benefit due to their ability to influence these pathways. This review aimed to outline the relationship between specific nutrients and their beneficial effect on mental health. The review outlined the various benefits of polyunsaturated fats, vitamin E, magnesium and folic acid on stress, anxiety, sleep disorders, mild cognitive impairment, depression, bipolar disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. With regards to stress, it was outlined that insufficient vitamins, excessive fat and nutritional imbalance can be contributory. Human research exists to support the benefits of magnesium and polyunsaturated fat for stress and these plus vitamin E for anxiety, however it appears that evidence is lacking for vitamin E and stress and the authors did not comment on folic acid for either condition. Extensive research exists for the use of polyunsaturated fats in mild cognitive impairment, and it was stated that high doses for long periods of time may be needed to show any benefits. The use of vitamin E in cognitive impairment is controversial and more studies may be needed. The authors did not comment on magnesium or folic acid supplementation. It was concluded that an unhealthy diet and lifestyle may be associated with poor mental health and well-being and the importance of a balanced, varied diet for normal brain function. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand the importance of recommending a healthy diet for mental well-being in individuals who are suffering from mental health disorders.
Abstract
A good nutritional status is important for maintaining normal body function and preventing or mitigating the dysfunction induced by internal or external factors. Nutritional deficiencies often result in impaired function, and, conversely, intakes at recommended levels can resume or further enhance body functions. An increasing number of studies are revealing that diet and nutrition are critical not only for physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental well-being. In particular, Western dietary habits have been the object of several research studies focusing on the relationship between nutrition and mental health. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the intake of specific micro- and macronutrients, including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, magnesium and folic acid, and mental health, with particular reference to their beneficial effect on stress, sleep disorders, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment, as well as on neuropsychiatric disorders, all significantly affecting the quality of life of an increasing number of people. Overall data support a positive role for the nutrients mentioned above in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being, also through the control of neuroinflammation, and encourage their integration in a well-balanced and varied diet, accompanied by a healthy lifestyle. This strategy is of particular importance when considering the global human aging and that the brain suffers significantly from the life-long impact of stress factors.
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Psychological and Sleep Effects of Tryptophan and Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet in Women with Fibromyalgia.
Martínez-Rodríguez, A, Rubio-Arias, JÁ, Ramos-Campo, DJ, Reche-García, C, Leyva-Vela, B, Nadal-Nicolás, Y
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(7)
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Fibromyalgia is a syndrome with unknown cause, characterised by muscle pain and physical exhaustion and is especially common in women aged 20-55 years. Anxiety, mood disturbance and psychological disorders are also often reported. Two micronutrients found in food, which may be of benefit to fibromyalgia patients are tryptophan (TRY) and magnesium (MG). This randomised control trial aimed to determine the effects of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with TRY and MG in 22 women with fibromyalgia for 16 weeks. The results showed that supplementation improved anxiety, mood, eating disorders and body image, but did not affect sleep quality. It was concluded that Mediterranean diet supplemented with TRY and MG was of benefit to anxiety, depression and reduced eating disorders but did not affect sleep quality. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to recommend a Mediterranean diet enriched with TRY and MG to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in women with fibromyalgia.
Abstract
Anxiety, mood disturbance, eating and sleep disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image are prevalent disorders in women with fibromyalgia. The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of tryptophan (TRY) and magnesium-enriched (MG) Mediterranean diet on psychological variables (trait anxiety, mood state, eating disorders, self-image perception) and sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia (n = 22; 49 ± 5 years old). In this randomized, controlled trial, the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the placebo group. The intervention group received a Mediterranean diet enriched with high doses of TRY and MG (60 mg of TRY and 60 mg of MG), whereas the control group received the standard Mediterranean diet. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Profile of Mood States (POMS-29) Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test-26, and Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed before and 16 weeks after the intervention. Significant differences were observed between groups after the intervention for the mean scores of trait anxiety (p = 0.001), self-image perception (p = 0.029), mood disturbance (p = 0.001), and eating disorders (p = 0.006). This study concludes that tryptophan and magnesium-enriched Mediterranean diet reduced anxiety symptoms, mood disturbance, eating disorders, and dissatisfaction with body image but did not improve sleep quality in women with fibromyalgia.
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Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy on Work Stress and Mental Health of Psychiatric Nurses.
Yang, J, Tang, S, Zhou, W
Psychiatria Danubina. 2018;30(2):189-196
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Many studies have found mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy to significantly reduce stress levels and enhance wellbeing. Among healthcare practitioners, psychiatric nurses experience higher stress and poorer mental health. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the effects of MBSR on the mental health of 100 psychiatric nurses in China. Nurses were randomised to either receive psychological support including MBSR or to receive psychological support without MBSR weekly. Mental health assessments were taken at baseline and completion of the intervention. This study found that while all participants showed improvements in mental health, those receiving MBSR experienced significant improvement compared with the control group. Based on these results the authors conclude that MBSR therapy is conducive to reducing work-related stress of psychiatric nurses.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric nurses are a special group of nursing staff, they experience greater work stress and lower mental health levels than regular nurses. In order to address this problem, the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy on work stress and mental health of psychiatric nurses is investigated in this study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS From August 2017 to November 2017, 100 psychiatric nurses, including 68 females and 32 males, were selected as participants from three hospitals in Hunan Province of China. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups, with 50 respondents in each group. MBSR therapy was used as psychological intervention in the intervention group. Before and after the intervention, the two groups were assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Nursing Stress Scale. RESULTS (1) After the intervention, the SCL-90 score of the intervention group decrease significantly, and a statistically significant difference is observed with the figure before the intervention (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference is found in the control group (P>0.05). (2) After the intervention, the SDS and SAS scores of the intervention group decrease significantly, and a statistically significant difference is observed with the figures before the intervention (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference is found in the control group (P>0.05). (3) After the intervention, the Nursing Stress Scale score of the intervention group Nursing Stress Scale decrease significantly, and a statistically significant difference is observed with the figure before the intervention (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference is found in the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS MBSR therapy can reduce work stress, anxiety, depression, and other negative emotions among psychiatric nurses and improve their mental health.