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Short-term removal of exercise impairs glycemic control in older adults: A randomized trial.
Reynolds, LJ, Williams, TM, Harden, JE, Twiddy, HM, Kearney, ML
Physiological reports. 2023;11(2):e15591
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Advancements in glucose monitoring make assessing free-living postprandial blood glucose levels convenient and feasible. Continuous glucose monitoring systems assess blood glucose levels 24h a day and have been demonstrated to enhance diabetes management. Both acutely and chronically, physical activity and/or exercise is a powerful modulator of glycaemic control. The aim of this study was to examine if the alterations in glycaemic control in older adults who exercise were different compared to young adults who exercise, in response to short-term removal of exercise. This study was a randomised, cross-over, exploratory study design which included 20 participants (9 young, active participants and 11 older, active participants). Participants had glycaemic control assessed for 3 days while performing their normal habitual exercise and for 3 days while refraining from habitual exercise. Results show that three days of exercise removal impairs glycaemic control in older adults as well as young adults. In fact, older adults (even though they have worse glycaemic control than younger adults) do not experience a greater impairment in glycaemic control compared to young adults. Authors conclude that their findings support the overall need for regular, daily exercise in adults, particularly older adults, who have a worse glycaemic profile.
Abstract
Postprandial glycemia (PPG) predicts cardiovascular disease, and short-term physical inactivity increases PPG in young, active adults. Whether this occurs in older, active adults who may be more prone to bouts of inactivity is unknown. This study determined if postprandial interstitial glucose (PPIG) was impaired in active older adults following the removal of exercise for 3 days (NOEX) compared to active young adults. In this randomized, crossover study, 11 older (69.1 ± 1.9 years) and 9 young (32.8 ± 1.8 years) habitually active (≥90 min/week of exercise) adults completed 3-days of NOEX and 3-days of normal habitual exercise (EX), separated by ≥1 week. Diet was standardized across phases. Glycemic control (3-day average) was assessed via continuous glucose monitoring during both phases. Significant main effects of age and phase were detected (p < 0.05), but no interaction was found for steps/day (p > 0.05) (old EX: 6283 ± 607, old NOEX 2380 ± 382 and young EX: 8798 ± 623, young NOEX 4075 ± 516 steps/day). Significant main effects of age (p = 0.002) and time (p < 0.001) existed for 1-h PPIG, but no effect of phase or interactions was found (p > 0.05). Significant main effects (p < 0.05) of age (old: 114 ± 1 mg/dl, young: 106 ± 1 mg/dl), phase (NOEX: 112 ± 1 mg/dl, EX: 108 ± 1 mg/dl), and time (0 min: 100 ± 2, 30 min: 118 ± 2, 60 min: 116 ± 2, 90 min: 111 ± 2, 120 min: 108 ± 2 mg/dl) in 2-h PPIG were detected, but no interaction was found (p > 0.05). However, only significant main effects of phase (NOEX: 14 ± 1 and EX:12 ± 1, p > 0.05) were found for 24-h blood glucose standard deviation. Older adults appear to have impaired glycemic control compared to young adults and exercise removal impairs glycemic control in both populations. Yet, the impairment in glycemic control with exercise removal is not different between old and young adults.
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The effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) herbal tea on happiness in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.
Delam, H, Keshtkaran, Z, Shokrpour, N, Eidi, A, Bazrafshan, MR
BMC complementary medicine and therapies. 2023;23(1):176
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Menopause is one of the natural processes in a female’s life, the most prominent feature of which is the end of fertility and menstruation. Following the psychosocial changes in this period of life, there is considerable evidence that reproductive hormones, especially oestrogen, may influence mood. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saffron tea on the postmenopausal women’s happiness This study was a randomised controlled trial which enrolled postmenopausal women. Participants (n=72) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention was the use of 30 mg dried stigmas of the saffron plant which was boiled once; one cup of saffron tea was consumed daily with white rock candy. Whereas the control group consumed lukewarm water and white rock candy. Results show that saffron herbal tea significantly increased the mean score of happiness in postmenopausal women, and there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Authors conclude that people should consult with their doctor, and in case he/she approves, use complementary therapies such as saffron herbal teas along with other drugs prescribed by the doctor.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that menopause can be associated with a variety of negative psychological changes such as depression and anxiety, and improving the mental health status of women during menopause is one of the important priorities and challenges of the health system. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L., Iridaceae) herbal tea on happiness in postmenopausal women. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial which was conducted in 2021, 72 postmenopausal women were enrolled and divided into intervention and control groups. The randomization blocks method was used for random allocation, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was utilized to measure the scores. The intervention included the use of 30 mg of dried stigmas of the saffron plant, which was boiled once (in the morning, in 300 ml of boiling water for 10-15 min) and consumed with white rock candy as one cup of saffron tea daily. To compare the trend of changes and after removing the effect of other variables, generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in any of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics (p > 0.05). The results of paired samples t-test showed that the happiness mean score in the intervention group increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 42.93 ± 8.54 to 61.58 ± 8.24, while in the control group, there was no significant difference between the happiness mean score at the beginning and end of the study (p = 0.861). Also, after applying the treatment program in the intervention group, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the happiness mean scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Saffron herbal tea had a positive effect on reducing depression and increasing the happiness score; thus, it is recommended that it should be used as a complementary treatment in consultation with the treating physician. TRIAL REGISTRATION The present study was registered with the code of IRCT20210403050818N1 (Registration date: 09/04/2021) in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. It was also approved by the Ethics Committee of Larestan University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.LARUMS.REC.1399.017).
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Improving perinatal sleep via a scalable cognitive behavioural intervention: findings from a randomised controlled trial from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum.
Bei, B, Pinnington, DM, Quin, N, Shen, L, Blumfield, M, Wiley, JF, Drummond, SPA, Newman, LK, Manber, R
Psychological medicine. 2023;53(2):513-523
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Sleep disturbance is a universal experience during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. Sleep disturbance is linked to a range of negative consequences. Literature shows that cognitive behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is an effective treatment, with comparable short-term and superior long-term effects to sleep medication alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-, medium-, and long-term efficacy of a non-pharmacological sleep intervention in the perinatal periods. The study was a longitudinal randomised controlled trial based on the SEED (Sleep Eat Emotions and Development) project which was a two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind, superiority randomised controlled trial. Participants were pregnant women enrolled in Childbirth Education and were randomised 1:1 to the intervention or a comparison condition. Results showed that compared to receiving an attention- and time-matched control, receiving a cognitive behavioural sleep intervention was associated with lower symptoms of insomnia, sleep disturbance, and sleep-related impairment during late pregnancy. Moreover, the intervention had long-term benefits to gestational parents’ sleep at 2-year postpartum. Authors conclude that a scalable cognitive behavioural sleep intervention, tailored for the perinatal periods, is feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in buffering against the natural increase in sleep complaints during the 3rd trimester.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is common in gestational parents during pregnancy and postpartum periods. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a scalable cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) sleep intervention tailored for these periods. METHODS This is a two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind, superiority randomised controlled trial. Nulliparous females without severe medical/psychiatric conditions were randomised 1:1 to CBT or attention- and time-matched control. All participants received a 1 h telephone session and automated multimedia emails from the third trimester until 6 months postpartum. Outcomes were assessed with validated instruments at gestation weeks 30 (baseline) and 35 (pregnancy endpoint), and postpartum months 1.5, 3, 6 (postpartum endpoint), 12 and 24. RESULTS In total, 163 eligible participants (age M ± s.d. = 33.35 ± 3.42) were randomised. The CBT intervention was well accepted, with no reported adverse effect. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that compared to control, receiving CBT was associated with lower insomnia severity and sleep disturbance (two primary outcomes), and lower sleep-related impairment at the pregnancy endpoint (p values ⩽ 0.001), as well as at 24 months postpartum (p ranges 0.012-0.052). Group differences across the first postpartum year were non-significant. Participants with elevated insomnia symptoms at baseline benefitted substantially more from CBT (v. control), including having significantly lower insomnia symptoms throughout the first postpartum year. Group differences in symptoms of depression or anxiety were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS A scalable CBT sleep intervention is efficacious in buffering against sleep disturbance during pregnancy and benefitted sleep at 2-year postpartum, especially for individuals with insomnia symptoms during pregnancy. The intervention holds promise for implementation into routine perinatal care.
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Effect of Health Promotion Interventions in Active Aging in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Davodi, SR, Zendehtalab, H, Zare, M, Behnam Vashani, H
International journal of community based nursing and midwifery. 2023;11(1):34-43
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The change in global demographics, with an increase in the proportion of the elderly who take up a large proportion of healthcare resources, will become a major challenge for health systems. Active ageing is defined by the WHO as “the process of promoting health, social security, and social contribution of the elderly to promote their quality of life”. The aim of this Iranian 6-week randomised controlled trial, including 60 participants aged 60 years or over, was to evaluate the effectiveness of an active ageing programme. The weekly group sessions included the topics nutrition, physical activity, responsibility, stress management, communications and spiritual aspects. Outcome measures were various questionnaires. Compared to controls, patients undergoing the programme experienced significant improvements in active mind maintenance, physical-functional activity, social contacts, productive engagement, social-institutional participation, but not agent attitude. The authors conclude that training programmes at the level of health centres are effective in promoting active ageing in an elderly population.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active aging has been the paradigm of the old-age lifestyle. Integrated aging care interventions in health centers primarily focus on diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, depression, and cardiovascular diseases, and there is no program or training regarding active aging. This study was carried out from September to December 2021 to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote active aging in the elderly referred to Mashhad health centers. METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 elderly individuals without disabling diseases and cognitive impairment who presented to the Daneshamooz health center in Mashhad in 2021. Through a simple block allocation scheme, those who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the health promotion program during 6 sessions (one session per week) about nutrition, physical activity, responsibility, stress management, communications, and spiritual aspects. The data were gathered using the active aging questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS software version 25; independent and paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized. P value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrated that after the intervention, the total active aging score in the intervention group increased significantly (68.5±3 to 85±8.25) (P<0.001) and there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups (68±3.25 to 85±8.25) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results, training based on a health-enhancement approach can effectively promote active aging in the elderly. Therefore, more attention should be paid to strategic planning for active aging in health centers.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20210308050639N.
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Effectiveness of a minimally processed food-based nutritional counselling intervention on weight gain in overweight pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.
Sartorelli, DS, Crivellenti, LC, Baroni, NF, de Andrade Miranda, DEG, da Silva Santos, I, Carvalho, MR, de Lima, MC, Carreira, NP, Chaves, AVL, Manochio-Pina, MG, et al
European journal of nutrition. 2023;62(1):443-454
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Excessive gestational weight gain exposes the woman and the child to a higher risk of harmful health outcomes in the short and long term. Dietary patterns based on the substitution of meals made with unprocessed or minimally processed foods for the consumption of ultra-processed items can be partly blamed for the exponential global growth in the incidence of obesity. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods rather than ultra-processed products. This study is a two-armed parallel randomised controlled trial conducted among overweight, pregnant women receiving prenatal care in seven primary health units. Participants (n=350) were randomly allocated into the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The women allocated into the IG, in addition to the usual prenatal care, were invited to participate in three individualised nutritional counselling sessions conducted by trained nutritionists. Results show that even though there were more women in the IG who had increased their daily intake of minimally processed foods and vegetables at lunch time when compared to the CG, this was not statistically significant. Additionally, there weren’t any differences between the groups in relation to physical activity. Authors conclude that their study was unprecedented in demonstrating that a nutritional counselling intervention based on the NOVA food classification system, together with the practice of physical activity, is effective in preventing excessive gestational weight gain in overweight pregnant women.
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a nutritional counselling intervention based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, rather than ultra-processed products, and the practice of physical activities to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in overweight pregnant women. METHODS This was a two-armed, parallel, randomized controlled trial conducted in primary health units of a Brazilian municipality from 2018 to 2021. Overweight, adult pregnant women (n = 350) were randomly assigned to control (CG) or intervention groups (IG). The intervention consisted of three individualized nutritional counselling sessions based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods rather than ultra-processed products, following the NOVA food classification system, and the practice of physical activities. The primary outcome was the proportion of women whose weekly gestational weight gain (GWG) exceeded the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Adjusted logistic regression models were employed. RESULTS Complete data on weight gain were available for 121 women of the IG and 139 of the CG. In modified intention-to-treat analysis, there was a lower chance of the IG women having excessive GWG [OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.32, 0.98), p = .04], when compared to the CG. No between-group differences were observed for the other maternal outcomes investigated. CONCLUSION The present study was unprecedented in demonstrating that nutritional counselling based on the NOVA food classification system, together with encouraging the practice of physical activity, is effective in preventing excessive weight gain in overweight pregnant women. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on July 30th 2018 at Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-2w9bhc).
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake estimated from a 7-question survey identifies pregnancies most likely to benefit from high-dose DHA supplementation.
Christifano, DN, Crawford, SA, Lee, G, Brown, AR, Camargo, JT, Kerling, EH, Gajewski, BJ, Valentine, CJ, Gustafson, KM, DeFranco, EA, et al
Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2023;53:93-99
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Preterm birth (PTB) is the primary cause of infant mortality worldwide; and infants who survive have a higher risk of child disability. A recent Cochrane Review concluded that there is strong evidence that omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduce early PTB (EPTB, <34 weeks gestation) and PTB (<37 weeks gestation) by 42% and 11%, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHA intake at baseline alone could identify pregnancies for which high dose DHA supplementation lowered risk of EPTB and PTB. This study used the results from two randomised clinical trials of DHA supplementation during pregnancy in which participants completed the DHA-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) before randomisation to 200mg/day or high dose DHA, i.e., 800mg/day or 1000mg/day. A total of 1400 participants were enrolled in the two trials. Results show that the DHA-FFQ predicted participants whose risk of EPTB and PTB was reduced by consuming a DHA supplement of 800mg/day or 1000mg/day compared to 200mg/day. In fact, participants who started the study with an average daily DHA intake of <150mg had a 64% lower rate of EPTB and a 24% lower rate of PTB if they were assigned to 800mg/day or 1000mg/day compared to 200mg/day DHA. Authors conclude that the DHA-FFQ identifies women who could benefit from high dose DHA supplementation at least as effectively as a blood measure of DHA but with far fewer barriers for clinical implementation.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two randomized trials found women with low blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; an omega 3 fatty acid) had fewer early preterm births (<34 weeks gestation) if they were assigned to high dose DHA supplementation, however, there is currently no capacity for clinicians who care for pregnancies to obtain a blood assessment of DHA. Determining a way to identify women with low DHA intake whose risk could be lowered by high dose DHA supplementation is desired. OBJECTIVE To determine if assessing DHA intake can identify pregnancies that benefit from high dose DHA supplementation. STUDY DESIGN This secondary analysis used birth data from 1310 pregnant women who completed a 7-question food frequency questionnaire (DHA-FFQ) at 16.8 ± 2.5 weeks gestation that is validated to assess DHA status. They were then randomly assigned to a standard (200 mg/day) or high dose (800 or 1000 mg/day) DHA supplement for the remainder of pregnancy. Bayesian logistic regressions were fitted for early preterm birth and preterm birth as a function of DHA intake and assigned DHA dose. RESULTS Participants who consumed less than 150 mg/day DHA prior to 20 weeks' gestation (n = 810/1310, 58.1%) had a lower Bayesian posterior probability (pp) of early preterm birth if they were assigned to high dose DHA supplementation (1.4% vs 3.9%, pp = 0.99). The effect on preterm birth (<37 weeks) was also significant (11.3% vs 14.8%, pp = 0.97). CONCLUSION The DHA-FFQ can identify pregnancies that will benefit most from high dose DHA supplementation and reduce the risk of preterm birth. The DHA-FFQ is low burden to providers and patients and could be easily implemented in obstetrical practice.
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The effect of Melatonin on Improving the benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Urinary Symptoms, a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Fotovat, A, Samadzadeh, B, Ayati, M, Nowroozi, MR, Momeni, SA, Yavari, S, Nasseri, A, Sharifi, L
Urology journal. 2022;19(5):406-411
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common issue in men older than 40. BPH is accompanied by irritating and obstructive symptoms that sometimes lead to surgery due to lack of recovery. Tamsulosin is an alpha-receptor blocker that is considered a standard treatment for patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin [a hormone secreted by the pineal gland at night that regulates the sleep-wake cycle] along with standard treatment on improving the BPH urinary symptoms as well as patients’ quality of life due to their urinary problems. This study is a single centre, parallel group randomised, double-blind clinical trial with balanced randomisation. Patients (n = 108) were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Results show the combination of melatonin and tamsulosin was significantly effective in treating the symptoms of frequency and nocturia in patients with BPH. Authors conclude that their findings can be used to pave the way to improving the symptoms of patients with BPH.
Abstract
PURPOSE to investigate the effect of melatonin along with tamsulosin in improving BPH urinary symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 108 men with BPH symptoms, age of ≥ 50 years, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥ 8 entered into the parallel group randomized, double-blind clinical trial with balanced randomization. The treatment group received of 3mg melatonin plus 0.4mg tamsulosin and the control group received placebo plus 0.4mg tamsulosin. Patients and physicians were concealed by sealed and opaque envelopes. Symptoms were assessed at baseline and 1 month after treatment. Finally all scores at the initial and end of the study were compared and analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS This study showed that adding melatonin to the classic treatment of BPH patients with tamsulosin could significantly reduce the likelihood of nocturia by 2.39 times (95% CI: 1.07-5.32, OR = 2.39, p = 0.033) and could also reduce the frequency of urination by 2.59 times (95% CI: 1.15-5.84, OR = 2.59, p = 0.021). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in IPSS, intermittency, incomplete emptying, straining, urgency, and weak stream. CONCLUSION Melatonin plus tamsulosin treatment is associated with a significant improvement of nocturia and frequency in patients with benign proststic hyperplasia. However, it is necessary to do more studies.
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Effect of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk in older people: the FINGER trial.
Lehtisalo, J, Rusanen, M, Solomon, A, Antikainen, R, Laatikainen, T, Peltonen, M, Strandberg, T, Tuomilehto, J, Soininen, H, Kivipelto, M, et al
European heart journal. 2022;43(21):2054-2061
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Older people are at high risk of cardiovascular disease, and 90% of the risk factors can be modified, including an unhealthy diet, poor physical activity, obesity, smoking, and obesity-related comorbidities. This randomised controlled trial examined a multifactorial approach combining several lifestyle modifications in 1259 older adults between 60 and 77 years of age to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Participants were randomly assigned to intensive multi-domain lifestyle intervention or regular health advice control groups. The multifactorial lifestyle intervention incorporated dietary counselling, exercise training, cognitive training, and managing CVD and metabolic risk factors. Dietary interventions included tailored strategies that considered increased consumption of fruits, berries, vegetables, whole grains, margarine, oil, and fish. Physical exercise interventions included strength training, balance exercises, and aerobic exercises. Cognitive interventions and intensive strategies to manage metabolic factors were also implemented. In the multifactorial lifestyle intervention group, cerebrovascular events were lower after two years than in the control group. In addition, cardiovascular disease and stroke incidence were lower in the elderly with a history of cardiovascular disease. Healthcare professionals can use the results from this study to understand the benefits of multifactorial lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular disease. However, there is a need for longer-term robust studies since the evidence is sparse.
Abstract
AIMS: Joint prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia could reduce the burden of both conditions. The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) demonstrated a beneficial effect on cognition (primary outcome) and we assessed the effect of this lifestyle intervention on incident CVD (pre-specified secondary outcome). METHODS AND RESULTS FINGER enrolled 1259 individuals aged 60-77 years (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989). They were randomized (1:1) to a 2-year multi-domain intervention with diet, physical and cognitive activity, and vascular monitoring (n = 631), or general health advice (n = 628). National registries provided data on CVD including stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or coronary heart event. During an average of 7.4 years, 229 participants (18%) had at least one CVD diagnosis: 107 in the intervention group and 122 in the control group. The incidence of cerebrovascular events was lower in the intervention than the control group: hazard ratio (HR) for combined stroke/TIA was 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.99] after adjusting for background characteristics. Hazard ratio for coronary events was 0.84 (CI: 0.56-1.26) and total CVD events 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61-1.04). Among those with history of CVD (n = 145), the incidence of both total CVD events (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.90) and stroke/TIA (HR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20-0.81) was lower in the intervention than the control group. CONCLUSION A 2-year multi-domain lifestyle intervention among older adults was effective in preventing cerebrovascular events and also total CVD events among those who had history of CVD.
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Effect of internet-based counselling with a cognitive-behavioural approach on premenstrual syndrome.
Borji-Navan, S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S, Esmaeilpour, K, Mirghafourvand, M
BMC research notes. 2022;15(1):324
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About 20% of women of reproductive age suffer from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The syndrome leads to various consequences, including physical, psychological, behavioural, and social complications. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of internet-based counselling with a cognitive-behavioural approach on symptom severity of women with PMS and their quality of life during the perimenstrual and late follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. This study is based on data that was gathered for a randomised controlled trial with two-parallel arms carried out on 92 female university students aged 18–35 years. Authors conclude that the results cannot be generalised to all women suffering from PMS since the study recruited only medical students. Furthermore, the long-term effectiveness of the intervention is unknown because the participants were only followed for two menstrual cycles after the end of the intervention.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of internet-based counselling with a cognitive-behavioural approach on symptom severity of women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and their quality of life during the perimenstrual and late follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. Moreover, the PMS-related disability and attitude toward menstruation were investigated as secondary outcomes. DATA DESCRIPTION We provide data generated in a randomized controlled trial with two-parallel arms carried out on 92 female university students aged 18-35 years who had moderate to severe PMS, residing at halls of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. PMS severity was assessed during two menstrual cycles before intervention (baseline) and during two cycles just after ending the two-month intervention using Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) and the quality of life using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) on days 1-2 and 11-13 of the menstrual cycle at the baseline and post-intervention. Also, the PMS-related disability was assessed using Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and attitude toward menstruation using Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) at the baseline and post-intervention. Participant satisfaction and views on intervention effectiveness were also assessed using a single Likert question.
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Health behavior patterns of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Brazilian adolescents in a nationally representative school-based study.
Rocha, LL, Pessoa, MC, Gratão, LHA, Carmo, ASD, Cunha, CF, Oliveira, TRPR, Mendes, LL
PloS one. 2021;16(1):e0245203
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Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are ultra-processed foods containing several man-made chemicals, which heavily feature in the diets of adolescents in many developing countries. This cross-sectional study of 74,589 adolescents aimed to determine health behaviour patterns that affect SSB consumption to focus education and policy efforts to reduce consumption. The results showed that most adolescents who consumed SSB’s had higher consumption of processed foods, more screen time, more days of alcoholic beverage consumption, were more likely to purchase food from the school canteen, and a smoking habit. Those who had a higher consumption of water, minimally processed foods and frequent physical activity were less likely to consume SSB’s. It was concluded that healthy habits can aid implementation of other beneficial health behaviours. This study could be used by healthcare professionals to understand the importance of adopting healthy habits to decrease SSB and ultra-processed food consumption.
Abstract
Studies on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption patterns can help in the individual and population level management of chronic non-communicable diseases and other conditions. This study aimed to identify the association between health behavior patterns and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among Brazilian adolescents from a nationally representative school-based study. A cross-sectional study analyzed data from 71,553 adolescents aged 12-17 years who attended public and private schools in Brazilian cities, from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. Principal component analysis was performed to identify health behavior patterns, and ordered logistic regression was performed to identify the association between health behavior patterns and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (mL/day) was used as the dependent variable. The analyses were performed using Stata software version 14.0 with a significance level of 0.05. Patterns 2 (alcoholic beverage and smoking habit) and 3 (ultra-processed food and screen time) of health behaviors and regularly purchasing snacks in the school cafeteria increased the odds of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, while pattern 1 (water, unprocessed and minimally processed food and physical activity) decreased these odds. The adoption of healthy habits can indirectly stimulate the adoption of other habits beneficial to health. These results indicate the importance of adopting a set of regulatory measures to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.