1.
Gluten and FODMAPs Relationship with Mental Disorders: Systematic Review.
Aranburu, E, Matias, S, Simón, E, Larretxi, I, Martínez, O, Bustamante, MÁ, Fernández-Gil, MDP, Miranda, J
Nutrients. 2021;13(6)
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There is growing evidence that gluten and FODMAPs, such as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols, can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, inflammation, and immune responses in patients with celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, a high intake of gluten and FODMAPs may also be associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review to examine the relationship between gluten and FODMAP consumption and illnesses affecting the central nervous system. In addition, the studies examined the effects of potential dietary strategies that consider gluten and FODMAP intake on mental disorders, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorders. Several possible mechanisms identified in this systematic review could contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders, including the release of proinflammatory cytokines, immune responses, gut dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, and interactions between the gut-brain axis. In patients with fibromyalgia, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome, avoiding or limiting gluten may reduce depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. However, the effects of a low-FODMAP diet on the central nervous system are inconclusive. There is some evidence that gluten-free diets can improve cognition in schizophrenia patients. In addition, those with autism spectrum disorders may benefit from a gluten-free diet and a low-FODMAP diet. Further robust research is required to evaluate the beneficial effects of interventions that avoid or restrict the consumption of foods high in FODMAPs and gluten. However, healthcare professionals can use the results of this systematic review to understand the potential benefits of therapeutic interventions that consider the intake of FODMAPs and gluten on illnesses affecting the central nervous system and their possible mechanisms of action.
Abstract
Nowadays, gluten and FODMAP food components (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) are increasingly studied due to their possible relation with extraintestinal-associated conditions. In recent years, gluten-free diets (GFD) and low-FODMAP diets (LFD) are becoming more popular not only in order to avoid the food components that cause intolerances or allergies in some people, but also due to the direct influence of marketing movements or diet trends on feeding habits. Likewise, neurological and psychiatric diseases are currently of increasing importance in developed countries. For this reason, a bibliographic systematic review has been carried out to analyse whether there is a pathophysiological relationship between the dietary intake of gluten or FODMAPs with mental disorders. This review collects 13 clinical and randomized controlled trials, based on the PRISMA statement, which have been published in the last ten years. Based on these results, limiting or ruling out gluten or FODMAPs in the diet might be beneficial for symptoms such as depression, anxiety (7 out of 7 articles found any positive effect), or cognition deficiency (improvements in several cognition test measurements in one trial), and to a lesser extent for schizophrenia and the autism spectrum. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to obtain completely reliable conclusions.
2.
Key Risk Factors Affecting Farmers' Mental Health: A Systematic Review.
Daghagh Yazd, S, Wheeler, SA, Zuo, A
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(23)
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The prevalence of psychological stress among farmers and farm workers is greater than that of non-farmers. The mental health of farmers can be affected by several factors, including pesticide exposure, financial problems, climate issues, and poor physical health. A total of 167 studies are included in this systematic review incorporating data from the studies conducted in 34 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. There is a need for risk assessment that influences farmers' mental health, according to this systematic review. There is a need for more robust studies to evaluate the impact of climate change and pesticide exposure on farmers' mental health and to determine which strategies can be used to help them find therapies. Using the results of this systematic review, healthcare professionals can raise awareness about mental health issues and assist farmers in identifying the symptoms, allowing them to seek help.
Abstract
Recently, concern has increased globally over farmers' mental health issues. We present a systematic review of the outcomes, locations, study designs, and methods of current studies on farmers' mental health. In particular, this review aims to fill an important gap in understanding of the potential key risk factors affecting farmers' mental health around the world. 167 articles on farmer mental health were included in a final systematic review using a standardized electronic literature search strategy and PRISMA guidelines. The four most-cited influences on farmers' mental health in the reviewed literature respectively were pesticide exposure, financial difficulties, climate variabilities/drought, and poor physical health/past injuries. The majority of studies were from developed countries, most specifically from the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Comparative studies on the mental health of farmers and other occupational workers showed mixed results, with a larger portion identifying that psychological health disturbances were more common in farmers and farm-workers. Knowledge of farmer psychological disorder risk factors and its impacts are essential for reducing the burden of mental illness. Further research will be required on climate change impacts, developing country farmers' mental health, and information on how to reduce help-seeking barriers amongst farmers.